1. ENERGY ANALYSIS AND WATER
CONSERVATION ASPECTS THROUGH
WATER BALANCE FOR POWER
GENERATION STATIONS
Presented by:
Nandini M (18MEE0001)
M.Tech (Energy and Environmental Engineering)
Under the guidance of :
Internal External
Prof. Y. Raja Sekhar G. Subramanyam
Associate Professor Director
SME, VIT-Vellore. Siri Exergy & Carbon Advisory Services Pvt. Ltd,
Hyderabad
Final Review on: 28/05/2020; 09:30 am-10.00 am

2. Introduction
CONTENT
S Scope
Objectives
Methodology
Time Frame
Data Analysis
Results & Discussions

3. INTRODUCTION
 Major challenges in water sector.
 National Water Mission (NWM): Identified goals.
 What is water balance audit?
 Amount of water produced ≈ the amount of water
distributed and billed.
 “water loss.” = Difference of both
 Also, water auditing can help to ensure that water use is
properly billed.

4. SCOPE
 Investigation of water supply & distribution network
 Establishing complete water balance & Assessment of overall water
consumption
 Water quality
 Recycle and reuse
 Assessment of cycle of concentration (CoC)
 Assessment of Ash-water ratio
 Specific water consumption
 leakages and losses.
 Water conservation

5. OBJECTIVE
 To assess water flow, performance of pumping
systems
 To assess specific water consumption
 To Prepare water balance diagram of the plant
 To arrive at water/ energy conservation options
 To calculate exergy analysis of main water systems

6. Time Frame
S.NO. Activity Time Frame
June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
1 Selection of topic
2 Audit Phase
3 Analysis of results
4 Conclusions
5 Preparation of report

7. Gathering Information
• Distribution size
• Age
• Material
• Meter types etc.
Calculation
• Water loss
performance indicators
• Bench marking with
similar water systems
Determining
• Water loss
• Metering & Analysis
Bottom-up Audit
• Leak detection
• Metered areas
• Night flow
Final Action
• Conservation measures
• Budget & priorities
1
Step
2
Step
3
Step
4
Step
5
Step
METHODOLO
GY

8. WATER USE IN TPPs
Source: Enhancing Water Use Efficiency Case of TPP in India By Anshuman, Associate Director (TERI)

9. Overall water inlet to the
station from the Lake forebay
is measured as 1,12,782 m3/hr
to the Stage-I of the station.
This water is utilized for Stage-
I condensers for cooling water.
Part of this water is used for
auxiliary cooling purposes of
the plant and ash water.
PowerPoint
Presentation
m
3
/hr
m
3
/day
%
152.72 m
3
/hr m
3
/hr
3665.26 m3
/day m3
/day
0.12% % %
112.78 m
3
/hr m
3
/hr
2706.79 m
3
/day m
3
/day
0.09% % %
m
3
/hr m
3
/hr
m3
/day m3
/day
% %
CW Inlet
122781.60
2946758.40
100.00%
To ACW 01 To AuxilaryReservoir
Stage 01
683.89
16413.40
0.56%
To ACW 02 To AWRS
58638.49 61414.82
1407323.74 1473955.63
47.76% 50.02%
1778.90
42693.58
1.45%
To U#01 Condensers To U#02 Condensers
DATA ANALYSIS
Overall water inlet for
the station

10. 1,20,362 m3/hr of water from
the Stage-I condensers, ACW
units and N-pit of DM plant is
discharged into the lake
forebay of the station. 7,456
m3/hr of this water is reused
for Stage-II & Stage-III
condensers. Whereas, the
remaining 1,11,402 m3/hr is
discharged into the main
lake.
PowerPoint
Presentation
DATA ANALYSIS
Overall water outlet
from the station
m3
/hr m3
/hr
m
3
/day m
3
/day
% %
152.72 m3
/hr m3
/hr
3665.26 m3
/day m3
/day
0.12% % %
112.78 m
3
/hr m
3
/hr
2706.79 m3
/day m3
/day
0.09% % %
4206.19 m
3
/hr m
3
/hr
100948.65 m
3
/day m
3
/day
2.19% % %
m3
/hr
m
3
/day
% m3
/hr
m3
/day
%
FromU#01 Condensers FromU#02 Condensers
58638.49 61414.82
1407323.74 1473955.63
47.76% 50.02%
FromACW 01 FromN Pit
Stage 01 Discharge
43.44
16413.40
0.01%
FromACW 02
120362.25
2887978.29
98.01%
To Stage 03 To Stage 02
3250.02
78000.48
2.65%
36099.73
1.25%
To Rihand Lake
111401.88
2709029.15 Evaporation Loss
93.16% 1504.16

11. Total Inlet water to the
station
100%
Total water
consumption in
Stage-I
2.0%
Total water
consumption in
Stage-II
2.6%
Total water
consumption in
Stage-III
3.4%
Overall water
consumption of
station
8.0%
Total Outlet water from the statio
92.0%
+
+ =
OVERALL WATER
CONSUMPTION
OF THE STATION

12. Sr No Particulars Units m3
/day m3
/hr
A Overall Inlet Quantity to Station
294675
8
122782
B Total Water Consumption - Stage 01 58780 2449
C Total Water Consumption - Stage 02 78000 3250
D Total Water Consumption - Stage 03 100949 4206
E Total Water Consumption for Station 237729 9905
F Overall Outlet Quantity from Station
270902
9
112876
G Total Generation MWh 2937
DATA ANALYSIS

13. DATA ANALYSIS
Water consumption of
Stage-I
Total Water
Consumption
- Stage-II:
33%
Total Water
Consumption
- Stage-III:
42%
Drinking: 2%
DM: 1%
Auxiliary: 4%
Ash water:
18%
Losses:
0%
Total Water…

14. DATA ANALYSIS
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-I: 25%
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-III: 42%
Ash water- 11%
Auxiliary- 8%
Losses- 14%
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-II: 33%
Water consumption of
Stage-II

15. DATA ANALYSIS
Water consumption of
Stage-III
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-I: 25%
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-II: 33%
Ash
water:
19%
Auxiliary: 8%
Losses:
15%
Total Water
Consumption -
Stage-III: 42%

16. EVAPORATION
LOSS
Sl.
No.
Unit
Total
Circulatin
g Flow
(m3/hr)
CT Water
Inlet
Temperatu
re (℃)
CT Water
Outlet
Temperatu
re (℃)
Evaporati
on Loss
(m3/hr)
Total
Evaporati
on Loss
(m3/hr)
Presen
t COC
Presen
t Blow
Down
(m3/hr
)
1
CT
03A
26875 38.5 30.6 314.53
1308.90 4
436.3
0
2
CT
03B
28951 38.5 30.4 347.41
3
CT
04A
27185 38.8 30.8 322.20
4
CT
04B
27063.2
0
38.6 30.5 324.76
5
CT
05A
31322 39.9 30.8 422.26
394.4
6
CT
05B
30859 39.4 30.2 420.60

17. Fire Fighting :
3.71% (367
m3/hr)
OVERALL WATER CONSUMPTION
BREAK-UP
Drinking Water :
2.03% (201 m3/hr)
DM Water : 3.71%
(367 m3/hr)
Ash Water : 44.16%
(4,374 m3/hr)
Other Unaccounted Losses :
6.63% (657 m3/hr)
CT Make-up Stage - II :
20.57% (2,038 m3/hr)
CT Make-up Stage - III :
17.10% (1,694 m3/hr)

18. CHARACTERIZATION OF
WATER
Parameter Unit
Raw
Water-
CW Pump
Discharge
Cooling
Tower
Basin –
Stage-II
Clear
Ash
Water
–
AWRS
Stage-
I
Treated
Effluent
– LWTP
DM
Water
–
Stage
-I
Clarified
Water –
Stage-I
WTP
Filtered
Water –
Stage-I
WTP
Drinking
-Water –
Hill Top
Reservoir
Cooling
Tower
Basin –
Stage-
III
Clarified
Water –
Stage-III
pH
pH-
Unit
6.96 7.21 7.21 7.23 7.03 7.4 6.94 6.99 7.22 7.41
Colour Hazen <0.5 <0.7 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.7 <0.5
Turbidity NTU 2.58 3.67 11.08 1.66 1.35 0.98 0.86 0.6 3.66 0.99
TDS mg/l 84 124 217 137 0.7 68.3 63.1 65 125 68.1
Conductivity
µmho
/cm
111 191 343 215 1.2 107 98.6 101 192 106
Total
Alkalinity
mg/l 40 56 23 33 BDL* 41 31 39 57 40
Total
Hardness
mg/l 51 99 123 100 BDL* 47 46 45 100 45
Calcium
Hardness (Ca)
mg/l 17 27.5 46.2 35.4 BDL* 14.1 12.4 14.8 27.9 14.4
Magnesium
Hardness(Mg)
mg/l 2.79 7.65 1.9 2.87 BDL* 2.86 3.86 1.91 7.67 2.87
Chloride (Cl) mg/l 9.32 25 11.33 10.51 BDL* 12 11.5 13 24 11

19. WATER PUMPS: DETAILS
Pump Size
No. of Pumps Total Connected Load, kW % Measurements
W S T M W S T M Nos. kW
Less than 50 kW 13 22 35 9 240 467 707 138.5 69.20% 57.70%
Less than 100 kW
&
more than 50 kW
12 17 29 11 1000 1350 2350 945 91.70% 94.50%
Less than 200 kW
&
more than 100
kW
22 26 48 21 3428 4454 7882 3238 95.50% 94.50%
More than 200
kW
24 26 50 24 30675 23025 53700 30675 100.00% 100.00%
Unknown 12 12 24 10 0 0 0 0 83.30% 0.00%

20. WATER PUMPS: DETAILS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
5.5 10 22 37 75 90 110 150 190 270 310 650 2885
No.
of
Pumps
Rated Power in kW
Number of pumps on
standby
56.17%
Number of pumps working
43.83%

21. WATER PUMPS: DETAILS
0
5
10
15
20
25
> 85% 80% - 85% 70% - 80% 60% - 70% 50% - 60% 40% - 50% < 40%
Theoretical Efficiency
Theoretical efficiency is
calculated from the rated
details of the pumps mainly
flow, head, input power &
motor rating and summary of
all water pumps
Actual Efficiency
Real/actual efficiency of the
pump is calculated by
considering the actual
measured values instead of
rated details
Motor Loading
Motor loading is evaluated for
the water pumps, for which
actual efficiency has been
evaluated.

22. ANTICIPATED ENERGY SAVINGS BASED ON ACTUAL
EFFICIENCY (<70%)
Pump Name
Actual Details
Location
Head Flow
Power
Input
Operating
Hours
Present
Pump Eff.
Proposed
Pump
Efficiency
Annual
Savings in
Power
m m3/hr kW hrs. % % kWh
Softener Water Supply Pump
P02B
AWRS S-I 9.3 127.19 6.13 6000 60.90% 70.00% 5495.86
Softener Water Supply Pump
P02A
AWRS S-I 9.5 115.62 5.69 6000 60.90% 70.00% 5101.38
DM Transfer Pumps DMP S-I 73 26.44 11.34 4000 52.20% 70.00% 15467.59
BALP Pump B AWPH S-III 34 475.76 77.34 6000 62.90% 70.00% 52379.71
AWRS Pump 01 Ash Dyke 26.2 782.12 90.2 6000 68.30% 80.00% 92709.22
AWRS Pump 02 Ash Dyke 26.3 752.96 91.3 6000 65.20% 80.00% 124347.24
Electric Hydrant Pump 02 Aux Resvr. 93 210.29 91.78 6000 62.60% 80.00% 153064.41
BAHP Water Pumps AWPH S-III 78 465.15 149.81 6000 68.80% 80.00% 146326.05
Electric Hydrant Pump 03 FWPH S-II 111 224.84 119.34 6000 59.10% 80.00% 253218.88
Electric Hydrant Pump 01 FWPH S-II 110 299.8 136.78 6000 68.10% 80.00% 143408.11
Ash Slurry Pump 4C ASPH S-II 35 1116.94 190.2 8000 58.10% 70.00% 311653.01
Ash Slurry Pump 2C ASPH S-II 35.3 1050.26 188.8 8000 55.50% 70.00% 394609.01
Ash Slurry Pump 4C ASPH S-III 44.3 1075.3 211.3 8000 63.70% 70.00% 167182.42
Ash Slurry Pump 2C ASPH S-III 43.2 1091.9 210.8 8000 63.20% 70.00% 181448.10
Ash Slurry Pump 1D ASPH S-I 56.6 2139.57 522.3 8000 65.50% 70.00% 287065.65

23. ANTICIPATED ENERGY SAVINGS BASED ON THEORETICAL
EFFICIENCY (<60%)
Pump Name
Locatio
n
Qty.
No. of
Pumps
in
Operati
on
Flow
Hea
d
Rated
Input
Net
Power
Input
Powe
r
Savin
g
Operatio
n
Hours
Moto
r
Ratin
g
Pump
Eff.
Annual
Energy
Saving
s
Nos. Nos. m3/hr m kW kW kW
hrs./yea
r
kW % kWh
Sludge Pumps
AWRS
S-I
3 1 15 28 2.75 1.94 0.81 7200 5.5 49.50% 5832
DM Transfer
Pumps
DMP S-I 2 1 50 68 18.21 14.97 3.24 7200 22 57.50% 23328
Jockey Pumps
FWPH
S-II
2 1 40 107 23.12 18.83 4.29 7200 30 57.00% 30888
Jockey Pumps
FWPH
S-III
1 1 40 107 23.12 18.83 4.29 7200 30 57.00% 30888
Ash Slurry
Pumps
ASPH S-
II
12 3 1220 34 198.2
168.1
9
30.01 7200 270 59.40%
64821
6
Total anticipated energy savings, kW/Year
73915
2

24. OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF CW AND RAW WATER
PUMPS
CW Pumps (Stage-I)
Name
Rated
Power
KW
Design
Flow
(m3/hr)
Actual
Flow
(m3/hr)
Dis. Pr.
(kg/cm
2)
Suc. Pr.
(kg/cm
2)
Suc.
Head
(m)
Total
Head
(m)
Rated
Head
(m)
Actual
Power
KW
%
loadin
g
SEC
Efficienc
y %
CW-1A 2885 27252 28910 1.47 -0.6 -6 20.7 28.5 2708.51 93.88 0.09 60.21
CW-1C 2885 27252 24144 1.44 -0.6 -6 20.4 28.5 2610.61 90.49 0.11 51.41
CW-2A 2885 27252 22444 1.47 -0.6 -6 20.7 28.5 2445.60 84.77 0.11 51.77
CW-2B 2885 27252 19937 1.37 -0.6 -6 19.7 28.5 2375.76 82.35 0.12 45.05
CW-2C 2885 27252 22528 1.33 -0.6 -6 19.3 28.5 2428.80 84.19 0.11 48.78
CW Pumps (Stage-II)
CW-3A 2250 31000 27480 1.8 -0.4 -4 22 40 1987.00 88.31 0.07 82.91
CW-3B 2250 31000 28130 1.8 -0.4 -4 22 40 2243.00 99.69 0.08 75.18
CW-3C 2250 31000 27623 1.8 -0.4 -4 22 40 2018.00 89.69 0.07 82.06
CW-4A 2250 31000 29619 2 -0.4 -4 24 40 2156.00 95.82 0.07 89.85
Raw Water Pumps (Stage-I)
RWP-2 80 525 323 4 -0.8 0.4 39.6 40.5 64.03 80.04 0.20 54.43
RWP-3 80 525 311 4 -0.8 0.4 39.6 40.5 66.40 83.00 0.21 50.54
Raw Water Pumps (Stage-II)
RWP-1 22 275 210 2.5 -0.8 -8 33 22 23.74
107.9
1
0.11 79.55
RWP-2 22 275 150 2.5 -0.8 -8 33 22 18.40 83.64 0.12 73.31
PT RWP-II 200 2750 1670 3.5 0.3 3 32 20 175 87.50 0.10 83.21
HVAC- MAKE UP
37 105 121 7 2.5 25 45 70 18.77 50.74 0.16 79.03

25. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF CW PUMPS
CW Pumps(Stage-I)
Inlet Outlet
Nam
e
Suc.
Pr.
(Inlet
Press
ure)
(kg/c
m2)
Absol
ute
Press
ure
(Pin)
(kPa)
Temper
ature
Tin (K)
Water
Speci
fic
Entha
lpy
hin
(kJ/k
g)
Entrop
y
Sin
(kJ/(kg
.K))
Wate
r
Spec
ific
Exer
gy
Ԑin
(kJ/k
g)
Exer
gy
Pow
er ԐP,
in kW
Cumul
ative
Exergy
Ԑcu, in
(kJ/kg)
Disc.
Pr.
(Outl
et
Press
ure)
(kg/c
m2)
Absol
ute
Press
ure
(Pout)
(kPa)
Temper
ature,
Tout (K)
Water
Specif
ic
Enthal
py,
hout
(kJ/kg
)
Entrop
y
Sout
(kJ/(kg
.K))
Wate
r
Spec
ific
Exer
gy
Ԑout
(kJ/k
g)
Exer
gy
Pow
er
ԐP,out
kW
Exergy
Destru
ction
ԐD
(kJ/kg)
Actu
al
Pow
er
(kW)
Exerg
etic
Efficie
ncy ȠԐ
(%)
CW-
1A
-0.6
42.9
64
305.75
136.6
5
0.472
48
0.33
971
272
8.08
5436.5
9
1.47
245.
948
305.95
137.6
7
0.475
14
0.56
663
455
0.38
886.20
5
270
8.51
67.28
07
CW-
1C
-0.6
42.9
64
305.75
136.6
5
0.472
48
0.33
971
227
8.34
4888.9
5
1.44
243.
006
305.95
137.6
6
0.475
14
0.55
663
373
3.16
1155.7
9
261
0.61
55.72
71
CW-
2A
-0.6
42.9
64
305.75
136.6
5
0.472
48
0.33
971
211
7.92
4563.5
2
1.47
245.
948
305.95
137.6
7
0.475
14
0.56
663
353
2.65
1030.8
7
244
5.6
57.84
78
CW-
2B
-0.6
42.9
64
305.75
136.6
5
0.472
48
0.33
971
188
1.35
4257.1
1
1.37
236.
142
305.95
137.6
6
0.475
15
0.55
365
306
6.16
1190.9
5
237
5.76
49.87
07
CW-
2C
-0.6
42.9
64
305.75
136.6
5
0.472
48
0.33
971
212
5.85
4554.6
5
1.33
232.
22
305.95
137.6
6
0.475
15
0.55
365
346
4.63
1090.0
1
242
8.8
55.12
13
CW Pumps(Stage-II)
Inlet Outlet
CW-
3A
-0.4
62.5
76
305.75
136.6
7
0.472
47
0.36
269
276
8.56
4755.5
6
1.8
278.
308
305.95 137.7
0.475
13
0.59
961
457
7.06
178.50
3
198
7
91.01
65
CW-
3B
-0.4
62.5
76
305.75
136.6
7
0.472
47
0.36
269
283
4.05
5077.0
5
1.8
278.
308
305.95 137.7
0.475
13
0.59
961
468
5.32
391.72
6
224
3
82.53
56
CW-
3C
-0.4
62.5
76
305.75
136.6
7
0.472
47
0.36
269
278
2.97
4800.9
7
1.8
278.
308
305.95 137.7
0.475
13
0.59
961
460
0.88
200.09
2
201
8
90.08
46

26. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF RAW WATER PUMPS
Raw Water Pumps(Stage-I)
Inlet Outlet
Name
SUC.
PRES
(Inlet
Press
ure)
(kg/c
m2)
Abso
lute
Pres
sure
(Pin)
(kPa)
Tempe
rature
Tin (K)
Wate
r
Speci
fic
Enth
alpy
hin
(kJ/k
g)
Entro
py
Sin
(kJ/(k
g.K))
Wat
er
Spec
ific
Exer
gy
Ԑin
(kJ/
kg)
Exer
gy
Pow
er
ԐP, in
kW
Cumul
ative
Exerg
y Ԑcu, in
(kJ/kg
)
DIS.
PRES
(Outl
et
Press
ure)
(kg/c
m2)
Abso
lute
Pres
sure
(Pout)
(kPa)
Temper
ature,
Tout (K)
Water
Speci
fic
Entha
lpy,
hout
(kJ/k
g)
Entro
py
Sout
(kJ/(k
g.K))
Wat
er
Spec
ific
Exer
gy
Ԑout
(kJ/
kg)
Exer
gy
Pow
er
ԐP,out
kW
Exerg
y
Destru
ction
ԐD
(kJ/kg
)
Actu
al
Pow
er
(kW)
Exerg
etic
Effici
ency
ȠԐ (%)
RWP-2 -0.8
23.3
52
298.35
105.
69
0.370
06
-
0.08
38
-
7.51
55
56.51
55
4
494.
04
298.75
107.
8
0.375
53
0.39
535
35.4
721
21.04
33
64.0
31
67.1
357
RWP-3 -0.8
23.3
52
298.35
105.
69
0.370
06
-
0.08
38
-
7.23
63
59.16
18
4
494.
04
298.75
107.
8
0.375
53
0.39
535
34.1
543
25.00
76
66.3
982
62.3
37
Raw Water Pumps(Stage-II)
Inlet Outlet
RWP-1 -0.8
23.3
52
298.35
105.
69
0.370
06
-
0.08
38
-
4.88
63
18.85
37
2.5
346.
95
298.75
107.
67
0.375
57
0.25
343
14.7
834
4.070
38
23.7
4
82.8
543
RWP-2 -0.8
23.3
52
298.35
105.
69
0.370
06
-
0.08
38
-
3.49
02
14.90
98
2.5
346.
95
298.75
107.
67
0.375
57
0.25
343
10.5
595
4.350
27
18.4
76.3
572
PT RWP-II 0.3
131.
218
298.35
105.
79
0.370
03
0.02
518
11.6
807
186.6
81
3.5
445.
01
298.75
107.
76
0.375
55
0.34
939
162.
079
24.60
17
175
85.9
419
HVAC- MAKE
UP PUMP
2.5
346.
95
298.35
105.
99
0.369
97
0.24
307
8.16
982
26.94
4
7
788.
22
298.75
108.
07
0.375
46
0.68
623
23.0
648
3.879
15
18.7
741
79.3
378

27. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
 Water cost = Rs. 2.95 / m3
 Electricity cost = Rs.2.4 / kWh
 Total inlet to the station = 1,22,782 m3/hr
 Overall Water consumption of the station = 9,905 m3/hr
 Specific water consumption of the station = 3.37 m3/MWh
 Existing COC of Stage II & III = 4 & 5.3
 Existing blowdown of Stage II & Stage III = 436.3 m3/hr & 394.47 m3/hr
 Maximum water consumption of the station is utilized for ash handling next
to CT makeup

28. Water
Conservati
on
Options

29. Description
Annual Savings Cost Savings
Total
Savings
(Rs.
Lakhs)
Investme
nt
(Rs.
Lakhs)
Payback
(years)
Water
(m3/Hr)
Power
(kW)
Water
(Rs.
Lakhs)
Power
(Rs.
Lakhs)
Recycling all Drain Water to ZLD
1755.0
0
0 453.53 0 453.53 400.00 0.88
Increasing COC in Stage-II & Stage-III 162.60 0.00 37.99 0.00 37.99 0.00 0.00
Avoiding overflow in seal trough in
Stage-II and Stage-III
50.00 0.00 12.92 0.00 12.92 5.00 0.39
Reducing fire water leaks and
consumption
46.70 42.50 10.90 8.10 19.00 0.00 0.00
COST Economics by improving pump
efficiency by impeller and Casing
coatings CW pumps
0.00
16500
99
0.00 39.61 39.61 44.00 1.11
Cost Economics of Reducing Drinking
Water consumption in Colony
20.10 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00
Reducing water Leaks other than Fire
Water
30.00 0.00 7.75 0.00 7.75 5.00 0.65
Replacing the Faulty Steam Traps 0.50 0.00 26.28 0.00 26.28 3.00 0.11
Ash Water Ratio 495.25 0.00 127.98 0.00 127.98 0.00 0.00

30. Thank You
Insert the Sub Title of Your Presentation
THANK YOU