Endocrine Gland : Pituitary gland

1. B. B. Arts, N.B. Commerce and B.P. Science
College, Digras (Maharashtra)
Department of Zoology
Presenting
Morphology of Mammalian Endocrine glands
By
Dr. Narendra Manwar

2. Morphology of Mammalian Endocrine glands:
Group of specialized cells which produce
chemical substances for the metabolic processes of
the body known as glands.
1.Exocrine glands:
e.g. Sweat gland, mammary gland, salivary gland, etc
2. Endocrine gland:
e.g. Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Thymus, Thyroid,
Parathyroid, Adrenal, Islet’s of Langerhan’s, Testes and
Ovary

3. Hormones
The hormones are the chemicals released by endocrine
glands.
The secretion of endocrine glands are commonly called as
Hormones.

4. Endocrine glands:
Pituitary gland:
It is unpaired rounded body.
Its size is similar to that of pea and
weight is approximately 5gm.
It is found at the base of brain.
It is connected to the brain by a stalk called as infundibulum
The pituitary gland is a part of endocrine system.
Its main function is to secrete hormones into your
bloodstream.

5. • “The Master Gland”
– It control other glands.
– Produces many hormones.
– Secretion is controlled by the hypothalamus in the base of
the brain.

6. • The Pituitary Gland is divided into 3 lobes, which differ
-structurally and functionally
-each area has separate types of hormone product

7. • The lobes are:
• Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis):
Composed of different types of cells, acidophils, basophils and
chromophils
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Growth hormone (GH)
• Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Prolactin
• Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis):
• Oxytocine
• Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

8. • Anterior Pituitary…
– Growth hormone (GH) responsible for growth
– ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its
hormones
– FSH & LH stimulates maturation & release of
eggs from ovary.
– TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release its
hormones, thus  metabolic rate
– Prolactin responsible for milk production in
breastfeeding women.

9. • Posterior Pituitary:
– oxytocin responsible for ejection of milk from
breast
– Vasopressin or (ADH) act on the kidney to
retain or absorb water.