thisb is about different types of bioaugmentation

1. WELCOME
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 1

2. BIOAUGMENTATION AS
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 2

3. INTRODUCTION
 Increase in pollution.
 Remove pollution.
 Physical and chemical methods are not used
 Bioremediation.
 When Bioaugmentation
 What is Bioaugmentation
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 3

4. SCOPE
 To convert the toxic compounds to nontoxic
end products using natural microbial strains or
genetically engineered variants.
 Reduced health and ecological risks.
 To perform the treatment with a very low disturbance of
native ecosystems.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 4

5. FACTORS AFFECTING
BIOAUGUMENTATION
 Microorganisms
 Compound characteristics
 Physical & chemical environmental
characteristics
 Niche adjustment
 Microbial ecology
 Engineering process design
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 5

6. DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES OF
BIOAUGMENTATION
 Cell bioaugmentation
 Gene bioaugmentation
 Rhizosphere bioaugmentation
 Phytoaugmentation
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 6

7. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION
 A carrier and encapsulation technology for inoculant
delivery is known as cell bioaugmentaion.
 Cell bioaugmentation done by mainly three methods.
Use of Carrier Materials for Bioaugmentation
Bioaugmentation with Encapsulated Microorganisms
Activated soil bioaugmentation
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 7

8. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
Use of Carrier Materials for Bioaugmentation
 Microbial inoculant have been applied to the soil as live
microorganisms in a liquid culture or attached to a carrier
material.
 When applying the inoculant to a harsh environment like
soil, it may be desirable to use a carrier material.
 Since it can provide a protective niche and even
temporary nutrition for the introduced microorganisms.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 8

9. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
 Numerous different carrier materials have been used
including bio solids, charcoal amended soil, clay,
lignite and manure.
 For example Pseudomonas fluorescens strain can be
added to soil either as a liquid culture, or in a soil
carrier.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 9

10. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
The ideal characteristics for a carrier material include:
 Providing an adequate environment for cell survival and
growth.
 Resulting in a long life and enhanced activity when added
to the environment.
 Being nontoxic to the inoculant microorganisms and the
environment.
 Allowing target for the introduction of cells and also
means to contain the introduced microorganisms when
control is necessary.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 10

11. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
Bioaugmentation with Encapsulated Microorganisms
 Materials allows the microorganisms to be contained in a
relatively nontoxic through which gases and liquids can
diffuse.
 Encapsulation technology create micro sites with a unique
microbial community that works interactively to remediate
a given compound.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 11

12. CELL BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
Activated soil bioaugmentation
 Activated soil can use directly as both the inoculants and
carrier without extracting degraders from the soil.
 Activated soil is the soil that exposed to the contaminant
and contains a developed degrader population that can
eliminate the contaminant.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 12

13. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION
 Since introduced microorganisms often do not survive
following bioaugmentation.
 Naturally occurring horizontal gene transfer processes
has been used for the introduction of remediation genes
into a contaminated site.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 13

14. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
Horizontal gene transfer may occur via:
 Transformation
 Transduction
 Conjugation
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 14

15. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
 Transformation is the genetic alteration of
a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation
of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA)from
its surroundings and taken up through the cell
membrane.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 15

16. 5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 16
Fig. 1. Gene bioaugmentation by transformation

17. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
 Transduction is the process by which DNA is
transferred from one bacterium to another by virus.
 It also refers to the process whereby foreign DNA is
introduced into another cell via a viral vector.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 17

18. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 18
Fig. 2. Gene bioaugmentation by transduction

19. GENE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd…
 Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between
bacterial cells by direct cell to cell contact or by a bridge
like connection between two cells.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 19
Fig. 3. Gene bioaugmentation by conjugation

20. RHIZOSPHERE BIOAUGMENTATION
 Microbial inoculants are added to the soil along with a
plant that supports the inoculants growth.
 Additionally, these processes can be mediated by plants
or plant associated microorganisms.
 By using the plant microorganism combination, the
microorganism is added to soil along with a niche, the
plant root, supporting its growth.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 20

21. RHIZOSPHERE BIOAUGMENTATION Contd..
 Different plants used for rhizosphere bioaugmentation
are:
umbrella sludge
flower umbrella plant
tall fringe rush
hoorah grass
 It is a low-cost technique
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 21

22. PHYTOAUGMENTATION
 Phytoaugmentation means the microorganisms are
introduced in the field by plant that contains the microbial
genes.
 By incorporation of these genes into plants. It is also
easier to control the persistence and spread of genes
introduced into the environment than via a genetically
engineered microorganism.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 22

23. 5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 23
Fig. 4. Overview of different technologies for delivering remediation genes to
contaminated sites.

24. BIOAUGMENTATION IN WATER - A
CASE STUDY
Coke plant wastewater in China
 Coal in China is used as a main energy source.
 The contaminated water has many harmful toxic
contaminants like ammonia, thiocyanate, phenolics etc.
 When the advanced microorganisms were added, they
formed a new microbial community.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 24

25. BIOAUGMENTATION IN WATER - A
CASE STUDY Contd…
 where indigenous microorganisms could break down the
contaminants in the coke plant wastewater.
 When the indigenous heterotropic microorganisms were
added, they converted many large molecular compounds
into smaller and simpler compounds.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 25

26. BIOAUGMENTATION IN WATER - A
CASE STUDY Contd…
Petroleum industry
 There is a large problem with how the oilfield drilling pit
is disposed.
 When the environmental conditions are correct, microbes
are placed in the oil pit to break down hydrocarbons and
alongside are other nutrients.
 The microbes that break up hydrogen are placed in
because this is the contaminant that is most prominent in
the oil pit.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 26

27. BIOAUGMENTATION IN WATER - A
CASE STUDY Contd…
 Before using these microbes there was a total petroleum
hydrocarbon level of 44,880 PPM.
 After the method was taken upon in just 47 days the total
petroleum hydrocarbon lowered to a level of 10,000
PPM to 6,486 PPM.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 27

28. BENEFITS OF BIOAUGMENTATION
 Bioaugmentation Enhances the Microbial Community
 Bioaugmentation is Cost Effective
 Bioaugmentation Improves Plant Efficiency
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 28

29. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH
BIOAUGMENTATION
 There are abiotic and biotic stresses causing the death of
introduced organisms.
 In addition the added microorganisms almost
always face competition from indigenous organisms for
limited nutrients
 It can be difficult to deliver the inoculant to the desired
location
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 29

30. CONSLUSIONS
 Bioaugmentation is the process of adding actively
growing, specialized microbial strains into a microbial
community.
 This is done to enhance the ability of the microbial
community to degrade certain compounds, resulting in
improved treatment.
 Cell bioaugmentation remains the most commonly used
technique because of its simplicity in use.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 30

31. CONSLUSIONS Contd…
 Alternative methods such as the use of immobilized
microorganisms or activated soil may increase the success
rate of this approach.
 Additionally, several other bioaugmentaion approaches
including gene bioaumentation, rhizosphere
bioaugmentation and phytoaugmentation are currently in
the developmental stages.
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 31

32. REFERENCES
5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 32
1. Mrozika, A and Segetb, Z.P. (2010) “Bioaugmentation as
a strategy for cleaning up of soils contaminated with
aromatic compounds”, Microbiological Research 165,
363-375
2. Agarry, S and Latinwo,G.K. (2015) “Biodegradation Of
Diesel Oil In Soil And Its Enhancement By Application
Of Bioventing And Amendment With Brewery Waste
Effluents As Biostimulation-Bioaugmentation Agents”,
Journal of Ecological Engineering,2(16),82-91
3. Koul, S and Gauba, p. (2014) “Bioaugmentation-a
strategy for cleaning up soil”, Journal of Civil
Engineering and Environmental Technology, 5(1), 72-74

33. 5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 33
REFERENCES Contd…
4. Nzila, A., Razzak, S.A., and Zhu,j. (2016)
“Bioaugmentation: An emergency strategy for industrial
waste water treatment for reuse and discharge”,
environmental research and public health, 846(13), 1-20
5.Head, M.A., and Oleszkiewicz, J.A., (2005)
“Bioaugmentation with Nitrifying Bacteria Acclimated to
Different Temperatures”, Journal of Environmental
Engineering (ASCE), 7(131), 1046-1051
6.http://civilenggseminar.blogspot.in/2014/11/bioaugume
ntation-as-remediation.hmtl

34. 5-Dec-19 Dept. of civil engineering 34