1. BUILDING MATERIALS
STONE
CLASSIFICATION OF STONE

2. BUILDING STONES ARE OBTAINED FROM
THE ROCKS
ROCK
- The solidified mineral material
forming part of surface on the earth
STONE
-The hard non-metallic
mineral matter out of
which rock is made
ROCK IS
MADE
UP OF
STONE
CLASSIFICATION OF
STONE

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
ROCKS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO THREE TYPES
GEOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATION
The science which deals with physical structure and substance on
the earth.
CHEMICAL
CLASSIFICATION
Attempt to classify elements or compounds into certain certain
chemical function or structural properties
PHYSICAL
CLASSIFICATION
Relating to the things perceived through senses

4. GEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROCKS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
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5. IGNEOUS ROCK
{ Having solidified from lava or magma}
 Formation of igneous rock- the inside
portion of earths surface has high
temperature so as to cause fusion by heat
at even ordinary pressures.
 The molten or pasty rock material is known
as magma and this magma tries to come
out occasionally through cracks or weak
portion
 The rocks which are formed by cooling of
magma are known as igneous rock.
 Igneous rocks are further classified into
three types.
Plutonic rock Volcanic rock
Hypabyssal rock

6. IGNEOUS ROCK
PLUTONIC
ROCK
HYPABYSSAL
ROCK
VOLCANIC
ROCK
 COOLING OF MAGMA AT
CONSIDERABLE DEPTH FROM
EARTH’S SURFACE
 COOLING IS SLOW.
 CORASLY GRAINED
CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE USED
IN BUILDING INDUSTRY
 COOLING AT SHALLOW DEPTH
FROM EARTH’S SURFACE.
 COOLING IS QUICK
 FINELY FRAINED CRYSTALLINE
STRUCTURE
 EX- DOLONITE
 POURING OF MAGMA AT
EARTH’S SURFACE.
 RAPID COOLING
 EXTREMELY FINED GRAINED
 MAY CONTAIN SOME QUANTITY
OF GLASS.

7. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.
{ matter that settles at the bottom are called as sediments }
 Formation of sedimentary rock – these rocks are formed by
the deposition of products of weathering on pre-existing
rock.
 { weathering means the breaking down or dissolving of
rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth }
 All products of weathering are ultimately carried away from
their place of origin by the agents of transport such as rain,
wind , flowing water etc
 The four types of deposits are
RESIDUAL DEPOSITS
SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS
CHEMICAL DEPOSITS
ORGANIC DEPOSITS

8. FOUR TYPES OF
DEPOSITS
• RESIDUAL DEPOSITS – some portion of the
weathering remained at the site of origin this
remains are known as residual deposits.
• SEDIMENTARY DEPOSITS- the insoluble products
of weathering are carried away in suspension those
sedimentary deposits.
• CHEMICAL DEPOSITS- material that is carried
away in a solution but deposited by some physio-
chemical process such as evaporation and
precipitation.
• ORGANIC DEPOSITS- some portion of products of
weathering get deposited through agencies of
organisms this deposits are called organic deposits.

9. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
• FORMATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCK- a rock that
has undergo transformation by heat, pressure or other
natural agencies
• These rocks are formed by the change in character
of pre-existing rock
• When igneous as well as sedimentary rocks are
subjected to great heat and pressure there is a
change in their character it is known as
metamorphism.
• Three agents of metamorphism are
• Heat – supplied by the general rise of temperature
with depth or igneous magma
• Pressure – pressure may be developed due to loads
of rocks or movement of the earth.
• Chemical acting fluid- they play massive role but
do not take part in process of metamorphism.
• There are four types of metamorphism occur with
various combination of heat, uniform pressure and
direct pressure.
• THERMAL METAMORPHISM
• CATACLASTIC METAMORPHISM
• DYNAMO-THERMAL METAMORPHISM
• PLUTONIC METAMOEPHISM

10. TYPES OF METAMORPHISM
THEMAL
METAMORPHISM
Heat is pre-dominant
factor in this type of
metamorphism.
CATACLASTIC
METAMORPHISM
TEMPERATURE IS
LOW AT THE
SURFACE OF THE
EARTH AND
METAMORPHISM IS
BROUGHT BY DIRECT
PRESSURE
DYNAMO THERMAL
METAMORPHISM
THERE IS A RISE IN A
TEMPERATURE WITH
INCREASE IN
CERTAIN DEPTH,
HENCE HEAT IN
COMBINATION WITH
STRESSES BRINGS
ABOUT CHANGES IN
ROCK
PLUTONIC
METAMORPHISM
THE STRESS IS
EFFECTIVE ONLY
UPTO CERTAIN
DEPTH THIS IS DUE
TO THE FACT THAT
ROCKS BECOME
PLASTIC IN NATURE.

11. PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION
this type of classification is based on general
structure of the rock.
PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION
OF ROCK
STRATIFIED ROCK FOLIATED ROCK
UNSTRATIFIED ROCK

12. STRATIFIED ROCK
 This rock posses plan of
stratification and such rocks
can be easily split along this
planes
 Stratification of rock means
to classify rock into different
groups.
 The sedimentary rocks are
distinctly stratified rocks.
UNSTRATIFIED ROCK
 Unstratified rocks cannot be
classify further into different
groups.
 The structure may be
crystalline granular or
compact granular .
 The igneous rock of volcanic
agency and sedimentary rock
affects by the movement of
earth are of these types of
rock.
FOLIATED ROCK
 { foliation means the process
of splitting into thin sheets }
 This rocks have tendency to
split into definite direction
only.
 The foliated structure is very
common case of
metamorphic rock

13. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION .
{ this classification is also known as scientific or
engineering classification also.
CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
SILICIOUS ROCK ARGILLACEOUS ROCK CALCAREOUS ROCK

14. GRANITE
QUARTZITES
SILICIOUS ROCK
 THE SILICA PREDOMINATES.
 THE ROCKS ARE HARD AND DURABLE.
 NOT EASILY AFFECTED BY WEATHERING AGENCIES
 COMBINATION WITH WEAKER MINERALS MAY
DISINTEGRATE
 EX- GRANITES, QUARTZITES

15. ARGILLACEOUS ROCK
 CLAY PREDOMINATES
 ARGIL OR CLAY PREDOMINATES
 ROCKS CAN BE DENSE OR COMPACTED OR
MAY BE SOFT.
 THEY ARE HARD DURABLE BUT ALSO
BRITTLE.
 EX SLATES AND LATERITES.
SLATE
LATERITES