The following presentation is a part of the level 5 module -- Electronic Engineering. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme. The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.

1. Compensation Methods Electronic Engineering © University of Wales Newport 2009 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License .

4. Gain Curve f C1 f C2 Phase Curve -40dB/dec

9. Gain Curve f C1 f C2 Phase Curve x 9.5dB – 5.1kHz 29.5dB – 510Hz 89.5dB – 0.51Hz 15dB – 2.8kHz 35dB – 280Hz 55dB – 28Hz

15. Gain Curve f C1 f C2 Phase Curve x 69.5dB – 3kHz 89.5dB – 300Hz f C1 – 15kHz

21. Quantative Analysis At low frequencies ω parts << 1 so the gain = 1 phase will be 0 ° At high frequencies ω parts >> 1 so the gain = R2/(R1 + R2) phase will be 0 ° In between gain must roll off in some way. e.g. R1 = 10k  , R2 = 1k  , C = 10nF Plot over the range 100 Hz to 100 kHz

23. Frequency Gain Gain dB Phase 100 0.99764 -0.0205249 -1.99651 200 0.990659 -0.0815145 -3.97231 400 0.964149 -0.3171164 -7.78572 700 0.901053 -0.9049962 -12.9442 1000 0.82426 -1.6787185 -17.2528 2000 0.590744 -4.572012 -26.0858 4000 0.350726 -9.1006474 -31.1146 7000 0.221129 -13.107079 -30.3226 10000 0.169115 -15.436358 -27.5696 20000 0.115878 -18.719977 -19.0967 40000 0.097777 -20.195268 -10.903 70000 0.093209 -20.610813 -6.45841 100000 0.092044 -20.720125 -4.5634

24. Compensation Methods

26. x x f 1 f 2 -20dB/dec Compensation Methods

28. f C1 f C2 Unstable Original Curve gain frequency Desired gain Introduce a lead lag network which starts before f C1 and stops at f C1 f 1 f 2 Stable f C1 now looks as though it starts at f 1 Compensation Methods

31. Gain Curve f C1 f C2 Phase Curve Required drop in gain = -10dB

33. Gain Curve f C1 f C2 Phase Curve x x f 1 f 2 Bandwidth f C2

37. This resource was created by the University of Wales Newport and released as an open educational resource through the Open Engineering Resources project of the HE Academy Engineering Subject Centre. The Open Engineering Resources project was funded by HEFCE and part of the JISC/HE Academy UKOER programme. © 2009 University of Wales Newport This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 License . The JISC logo is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales Licence. All reproductions must comply with the terms of that licence. The HEA logo is owned by the Higher Education Academy Limited may be freely distributed and copied for educational purposes only, provided that appropriate acknowledgement is given to the Higher Education Academy as the copyright holder and original publisher. The name and logo of University of Wales Newport is a trade mark and all rights in it are reserved. The name and logo should not be reproduced without the express authorisation of the University. Compensation Methods