1. NIKKA LOPEZ

2. Ceramic is……
© The word
"ceramic" comes
from the
Greek word
κεραμικός
(keramikos), "of
pottery" or "for
pottery“.

3. © A ceramic is
an inorganic,
nonmetallic
solid prepared
by the action
of heat and
subsequent
cooling.

4. © Ceramic
materials may
have a
crystalline or
partly crystalline
structure, or may
be amorphous.

5. Ceramic before and
now
© Archeologists have
uncovered human-
made ceramics that
date back to at least
24,000 BC. These
ceramics were found in
Czechoslovakia and
were in the form of
animal and human
figurines, slabs, and
balls.

6. © In the 20th
century, new ceramic
materials were
developed for use in
advanced ceramic
engineering; for
example, in semicon
ductors

7. Properties and its Uses
Hard and
strong
 Building
materials
○Tiles, bricks
, roofs, cemen
t, abrasive for
grinding

8. Attractive, easi
ly mould and
glazed
Decorative
pieces and
household
items
oVases, porcelai
n
ware, sinks, bat
htubs

9. Chemically
inert and non-
corrosive
Kitchenware
○Cooking
pots, plates, b
owls

10.  Very high
melting point
and good
insulator of
heat
 Insulation
○ Lining of
furnace, engine
parts

11. Inert and
non-
compressible
Medical and
dental
apparatus
○Artificial teeth
and bones

12. Roles and Functions of Ceramic
Raw Materials in the Ceramic Tile
Body
 Plastic raw materials include kaolin, clay
and bentonite.
 Non-plastic raw materials are
feldspar, quartz, limestone, dolomite, ma
gnesite, calcium phosphate and talc

13.  Typical raw materials normally
used in a ceramic tile are
clay, feldspar, pottery stone, silica
sand and talc.

14. Clay
It serves various
functions such as a
binder, a suspension
aid and an
inexpensive source
of alumina and
silica.

15. Feldspa
r
It provides the glassy
phase for the ceramic
bodies and they are
added to decrease
the firing temperature
and thus to reduce
cost.

16. Silica
sand
It decreases its
unfired strength
and plasticity but
assist to facilitate
escape of gases
during drying and
firing.

17. Talc
It is used in small
quantities (2-6%) in
the vitrified tile body
composition to
enhance the fluxing
action of feldspathic
materials.

18. Flowchart of Ceramic Tile Processing

19. Ceramic Tile Processing
 Batching or
proportioning may be
done by volume or
by mass.
However, proportioni
ng by mass is far
more accurate than
that by volume.
Batching

20. Grinding
 The grinding of
solid raw
materials involves
a whole series of
operations aimed
at reducing the
size of materials.

21. Spray Drying
 Spray drying is the
process that
converts the body
slip obtained from
the mill to a
granulate with a size
distribution and
moisture content
suitable for pressing.

22. Pressing
 Pressing is the
simultaneous
compaction and
shaping of a
powder or granular
material confined
in a rigid die or
flexible mould.

23. Drying
 This is carried out to
increase the
strength of the
unfired tile and also
to reduce the risk of
tile loss due to
deformation as the
tile rapidly shrinks or
cracks as the steam
is rapidly evolved in
the kiln.

24. Firing
 Firing is usually the
final stage in the
ceramic tile
manufacturing, at
which the
weak, unfired, newly
pressed piece of tile is
transformed into a
strong, durable
product due to the
effect of chemical and
physical reactions
within the green body
during heating.

26. References
 http://www.ceramic-
research.com/articles_02.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic
 http://www.ceramic-
research.com/articles_03.html
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNU4
DP7H-YY