OECD TSI EU mining regions presentation.pdf
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![© OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 3
Expected growth in demand for minerals, amid a
highly concentrated supply
Mineral requirements for clean energy technologies by
scenario, 2021 and 2030
Notes: Mt = million tonnes; EVs = electric vehicles. Includesmost of the mineralsused in various clean energy technologiesbut does not includesteel and
aluminium..
STEPS= Stated PoliciesScenario; APS= Announced Pledges Scenario [world’s collectiveambition, as it stands today]; NZE= Net Zero Emissions [cap global
warming to 1.5 °C ]
Source: IEA (2022), World Energy Outlook,
Share of the top three producing countries of
selected minerals, 2022
Extraction Processing
Moreover, many mineral-rich nations are increasing exports
restrictions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/tsieuminingregionsvf-230928141825-69607e59/75/oecd-tsi-eu-mining-regions-presentationpdf-3-2048.jpg?cb=1695911042)
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OECD TSI EU mining regions presentation.pdf
- 1. @OECD_local www.linkedin.com/company/oecd-local www.oecd.org/cfe KICK-OFF - ENHANCING EU MINING REGIONAL ECOSYSTEMS Evora, Portugal 22 September 2023
- 2. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 1. Context 2. The 10 EU mining regions 3. The support OECD-DG-Reform Project
- 3. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 3 Expected growth in demand for minerals, amid a highly concentrated supply Mineral requirements for clean energy technologies by scenario, 2021 and 2030 Notes: Mt = million tonnes; EVs = electric vehicles. Includesmost of the mineralsused in various clean energy technologiesbut does not includesteel and aluminium.. STEPS= Stated PoliciesScenario; APS= Announced Pledges Scenario [world’s collectiveambition, as it stands today]; NZE= Net Zero Emissions [cap global warming to 1.5 °C ] Source: IEA (2022), World Energy Outlook, Share of the top three producing countries of selected minerals, 2022 Extraction Processing Moreover, many mineral-rich nations are increasing exports restrictions
- 4. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 4 Exploration spending is also concentrated: Americas and Australia Exploration spending for selected nonferrous mineral resources Notes: Excludes budgets for iron ore, coal, aluminium, gold and diamonds. Others comprise rare earth elements, potash/phosphate and many other minor metals. Source: IEA analysis based on S&P Global By Region By commodity
- 5. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Mining interaction with the territory is crucial for regional development and the mineral supply High Salaries - jobs Innovation/ technology Investments: services, infrastructure Environmental/ social impacts Economic Volatility Local inequality
- 6. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 6 Strengths and challenges in the well-being of OECD mining regions https://oecd-main.shinyapps.io/mining-regions-wellbeing/ Similar unemployment rates, but lower employment growth and innovation Younger and well educated, but with lower population growth and women participation in the workforce Greater growth of green land cover and lower risks of drought from water depletion, but greater GHG emissions per capita and CO2 emitted from electricity generation Normalised Well-being index, 100= OECD rural regional average At a different territorial level, mining regions outperform in labour productivity and GDP per capita (Annex).
- 7. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 1. Context 2. The 10 EU mining regions 3. The support OECD-DG-Reform Project
- 8. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | The 10 EU mining regions have strengths and challenges to make to most of mining development Education Institutions Public sector support Industrial capacity Diversified economy Ageing population/ outmigration Enabling Infrastructure Geological information Access to skills for mining Coordination: mining and Env. policies Deposits of critical minerals
- 9. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | The relevance of the 10 EU mining regions for the mineral supply in the EU. Region Mineral deposits Production and assets (examples) Lapland: Iron ore, gold, copper, cobalt, phosphorus, platinum, nickel, and chromite. 5% of Europe’s iron ore- modern mining. North Karelia: Gold, Copper, Talc, Kyanite, Uranium, Molybdenum, Nickel, Zinc, Dolomite, Iron Hautalampi nickel-cobalt-copper mine is being developed. Oulu: Copper, zinc, lead Tailings recovery (Pyhäsalmi mine), University-research capacity. Kainuu: Nickel, cobalt, zinc, copper, gold, silver Around 2% of EU Zinc. Unique production of green Nickel Central Ostrobothnia: Lithium One of the most significant lithium deposits in Europe. Central Greece: Bauxite (aluminum), nickel, goal, lead, silver, zinc. Largest EU Bauxite producer, 12th largest worldwide. Centro Portugal: Tungsten, tin, copper, uranium and lithium. 2nd largest producer of tungsten in the EU. Alentejo: Copper, Zinc, Lead 6th largest copper producer in the EU, Zin producer, Marble Andalusia: Copper, tin, gold. lead, mercury, silver. 2nd largest copper producer in the EU, smelter, non-metallic mining capacity. Örebro: Copper, Zinc, Lead, Silver. About 10% of EU Zinc, world-class mining providers
- 10. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Benchmarking the 10 EU mining regions with OECD mining regions - Demography • Only three regions have a higher population growth than the OECD average (Orebro, North Ostrobothnia and Andalusia) 0.94 0.96 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 OECD average Rural average OECD 50 Mining bechmark Regions 10 EU Mining Regions Population growth 2007-2020 • Population is less male dominated than other OECD Mining Regions, but still higher than OECD average (Only Portuguese regions experience a female majority) 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 OECD 50 Mining bechmark Regions 10 EU Mining Regions Rural average OECD average Sex ratio working age population 15-64 (%) Male dominated Female dominated
- 11. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Benchmarking the 10 EU mining regions with OECD mining regions- Economy $30,000 $32,000 $34,000 $36,000 $38,000 $40,000 $42,000 OECD average OECD 50 Mining bechmark Regions 10 EU Mining Regions GDP per capita in $ • Lower GDP per capita than the OECD average and OECD mining regions (except Orebro, Lapland and Central Ostrobothnia) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 OECD average 10 EU Mining Regions Rural average OECD 50 Mining bechmark Regions Patents per million inhabitants • But more patents per million inhabitants than OECD rural and mining regions
- 12. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Benchmarking the 10 EU mining regions with OECD mining regions • All regions have a lower emissions intensity than the OECD average and OECD mining regions 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 310 330 350 OECD 50 Mining bechmark Regions OECD average Rural average 10 EU Mining Regions GHG per unit of electricity generated 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Central Ostrobothnia Kainuu Lapland North Karelia North Ostrobothnia Alentejo Central Portugal Andalusia Renewable Nuclear Fossil Fuels Coal • Significant proportion of their electricity produced from renewable sources Note: Orebro and Central Greece had no availability on this data.
- 13. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 1. Context 2. The role of EU mining regions 3. The TSI support to EU mining regions
- 14. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | OECD’s work on Rural and Regional Development Indigenous communities in regional development Rural Manufacturing Demographic change The Well-being rural framework Rural Innovation Mining Regions Rural climate agenda “Across the OECD, rural regions make up 80% of all the territory and are home to 30% of the population” “Rural places are sources of wealth and opportunity to mobilise endogenous assets and increase people’s well-being”
- 15. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | 15 OECD Mining Regions and Cities initiative Events Studies Karratha, Australia 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Antofagasta, Chile Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia Skellefteå, Västerbotten, Sweden (June) Greater Sudbury, Canada North Karelia, Finland Västerbotten & Norrbotten, Sweden Toolkit (policy and data) Statistical toolkit on well-being 2022 Andalucía, Spain Pilbara, Australia 2023 Antofagasta Chile 2024 EU mining regions in the Green deal (10 regions) 2025 Lapland, Finland (tbc)
- 16. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | Enhancing role of EU mining regions: the green transition, EU strategic mineral autonomy and well-being Goals: •Improve policy coordination to address the priorities of mining regional ecosystems •Improve enabling factors for mining development: labour markets / inter-regional networks. •Promote sustainable mining practices, including circularity •Enhance the narrative on mining and social perception. Improve well-being in mining regions Secure a more reliable and sustainable mineral raw materials supply in EU How? -Regional profiles with framework for action and thematic focus: • Well-functioning and innovative ecosystems: • Environmental and economic sustainability of mining- Circular economy: • Social acceptance/ license to operate: -Synthesis report wth general framework for action. -Capacity building/ peer learning opportunities.
- 17. © OECD | Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Regions and Cities | @OECD_Local | How? Outcomes and timeline 17 Jun-25 Feb-25 Dic-24 Oct-24 July-24 May-24 Oct -23 – April-24 Sept-23 Kick-off event Missions to 10 regions Events- missions Reports EU mining regions workshops Regional profiles Final draft synthesis report+ updated regional profiles EU and regional policy workshop Launching event Approval synthesis report (end March)