5. Norwegian aquaculture of Atlantic salmon
• Norway is the world’s largest producer of Atlantic salmon
• > 1.2 million metric tonnes in 2012- 2016
Norwegian farming of salmon, 1980-2015
What are the current challenges in salmon farming?
Rainbow trout
Atlantic salmon
8. Establishment of CRISPR/Cas9 methodology in
Atlantic salmon
Edvardsen et al., Plos One (2014)
Injection of guide RNA + Cas9 in newly fertilized eggs
Targeting a pigmentation gene: slc45a2 (albino)
Successful editing = albinosSuccessful editing = F0 albinos
Likewise the technology has been established in other aquaculture species.:
Tilapia (Wang et al 2014)
Cat fish (Zhong et al 2016)
Carp (Khalil et al 2017)
10. CRISPR/Cas9
Research tool and possible industrial applications
in salmon aquaculture
- Genetic containment of wild populations
- Filet quality
- Disease resistance
- Move traits between strains
12. Triploid sterile salmon
Genetic containment
- Produced by pressure treatment of eggs
- One extra set of chromosomes sterile
- Sensitive to warmer temperatures and low oxygen
- More likely to develop skeletal deformities and cataract
- Males og through puberty
- Triplodization does not always result in 100% sterile fish batches
- Prone to get bacterial disease
19. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
C18:3n3 C18:2n6 C20:2n6 C20:4n6 C20:5n3 C22:5n3 C22:6n3
%offattyacidsfromphospholipidsinthe
liver
Wildtype
Elovl2 knockout
C20:5n3 C22:5n3 C22:6n3
p-values 0,0043 0,027 0,031
Filet quality Datsmoor, Winge, in prep.
Effects of elovl2 knockout on DHA synthesis in the
liver under standard diet
20. Environmental concerns
- Disease
- Genetic introgression of farmed escapees into wild populations
- Feed resources Number of wild salmon that
returns to rivers to breed
21. Natura Disease resistance in wild strains
Kjærner-Semb et al 2016, BMC genomicsMove traits between strains
22. Gene editing by CRISPR/Cas9
NHEJ=
Non-Homologous End Joining
HDR=
Homology Directed Recombination
23. Region under selection for time of maturation
Move traits between strains Barson et al., Nature (2015)
Ayllon et al., Plos Genetics (2015)
24. Ayllon et al., Plos Genetics (2015)Move traits between strains
SNPs explaining the trait in farmed fish
26. Responsible Research Innovation (RRI)
- Interactions with public, presentations, media debates
- Ethics and integrity
-Local highschool integration
(Nordahl Grieg og Amalie Skram)
27. Summary – Gene editing in aquaculture
- Targeted mutagenesis using Crispr-Cas9 is established
in a number of farmed fish species
- F0 mutant studies are enabled
- Homologous recombination of single causative SNPs is being explored
(Disease resistance, control of reproduction, nutritional content, fish robustness)
- Mutants representing sustainable traits are being studied
(Germ cell-free fish, altered omega-3 metabolism, time of maturation etc.)
28. Reproduction and
Developmental biology group
at IMR
Anna Wargelius
Eva Andersson
Sven Leininger
Kai Ove Skaftnesmo
Geir Lasse Taranger
Erik Kjærner Semb
Tomasz Furmanek
Per Gunnar Fjelldal
Thomas Fraser
Tom Hansen
Birgitta Norberg
Hilal Güralp
Anne Hege Straume
Rolf Edvardsen
Population genetics group
at IMR
Kevin Glover
Fernando Ayllon
Vidar Wennevik
Calle Rubin
Dorothy Dankel
Alex Datsomoor
Per Winge
Nina Santi
Maren Mommens
Helge Tveiten
Øivind Andersen
Rüdiger W. Schulz
Hildre Sindre
Acknowledgements
Funding:
-Norwegian Research Council
BIOTEK2021 project SALMOSTERILE
HAVBRUK_BIOTEK2021 project SALMAT
HAVBRUK project STERWELL and MATGEN
-EU
AQUACRISPR