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Qatar-Bahrain Causeway Project


      Bridges Middle East Conference 2009
• Bridges in the region
• Qatar-Bahrain Causeway
  (the latest & greatest)
• Design and construction issues
• Introduction of rail
• Technical challenges



            Introduction           2
Bridges in the Region


 Bridges Middle East Conference 2009



                                       3
Typically:                       Notably:
• Water crossings                • Abu Dhabi
• Connect population centres     • Dubai
• Access key infrastructure      • Bahrain




                 Bridges in the Region         4
Drivers:
• Economic growth
• Population growth
• Urban expansion
• Development of major
  infrastructure
• Increasing traffic




               Bridges in the Region   5
Abu Dhabi




                                   Sheikh Zayed Bridge




Saadiyat Island Bridge (Sheikh Khalifa Bridge)           Hodariyat Bridge

                              Bridges in the Region                         6
Dubai
                 Business Bay Bridge




Garhoud Bridge                                        Palm Jebel Ali Crescent Bridges




                              Dubai
                              Metro


                                       Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing (6th Crossing)

                      Bridges in the Region                                             7
Bahrain




Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Bridge

                                                     Sheikh Isa Causeway



                             Bridges in the Region                         8
Sitra Causeway




Bridges in the Region               9
King Fahd Causeway




 Bridges in the Region   10
Qatar-Bahrain Causeway


  Bridges Middle East Conference 2009



                                        11
QBC
Project Overview
•   40km marine causeway
•   2 lane highway in each direction           Bahrain

•   Adjacent high-speed rail facility
•   2 dredged navigation channels
•   2 high level arch bridges
                                                         Qatar
•   23km bridges / viaducts
•   17km embankments
•   2 rest area islands
•   Interchanges, tolling, border facilities

                   Qatar-Bahrain Causeway                        12
Qatar-Bahrain Causeway   13
Design and Construction Issues


      Bridges Middle East Conference 2009



                                            14
Large Marine Site

• Pre-cast solution adopted:
   – To limit offshore operations
   – To maintain control over quality & safety
• Design closely linked to construction methods
• Design-Build approach adopted
• Allows fast-tracking of schedule



      Design and Construction issues              15
Material:
• Volumes required
• Need to ensure
   – Consistent quality
   – Reliability of supply
• High import content
• Marine Borrow
• Durability considerations


             Design and Construction issues   16
Concrete Durability: Options
•   Stainless steel
•   Corrosion inhibitor
•   Coating
•   Cathodic Protection
•   Extent of splash zone




Design and Construction issues   17
Eurocode:
• One of the first projects to use
• Europe-wide code for bridge design
  (road/rail) from 2010
• Option of factored loads or 3rd party
  checks
• Reliability & Consequence Classes




   Design and Construction issues         18
Alignment at Landing Points


Influenced by:
•   Archaeology (Qatar)
•   Competing land use (Bahrain)
•   Stakeholder Requirements




    Design and Construction issues   19
Qatar Landing Point




Design and Construction issues   20
3 km



Design and Construction issues   21
Design and Construction issues   22
Introduction of Rail


Bridges Middle East Conference 2009



                                      23
Introduction of Rail

Concept design:
•   Road only
•   Twin deck viaducts
•   80 m viaduct spans
•   Cable-stay bridges over
    Navigation Channels




                   Introduction of Rail   24
Impact of Rail
• Larger vertical and horizontal loads
    – Freight
• Limitation on gradient and horizontal curvature
    – High-speed passenger
• Extended Schedule




                Introduction of rail                25
Resultant changes to concept design:
•   Vertical and horizontal alignments revised
•   Length of viaduct increased
•   Stronger, stiffer structures
•   Arch bridges replaced cable-stayed
•   Closer pier spacing
•   Twin road decks combined
•   Navigation Channel relocated




                        Introduction of rail     26
Technical Challenges


 Bridges Middle East Conference 2009



                                       27
Environmental
•   Zero impact on hydraulic flows
•   Extensive baseline measurements
•   Ongoing Monitoring
•   Constraints on construction methods




                     Technical challenges   28
Quality & Safety
•   Remote sites
•   Working at height
•   Heavy lifts
•   24/7 working
•   Cost-driven schedule
•   Motivating the workforce




                 Technical Challenges   29
Rail Issues
•   Axle Load            •   Bahrain Network
•   Speeds               •   Qatar Network
•   Height Clearance     •   GCC Network
•   Emergency Escape
•   Maintenance Access




                 Technical Challenges          30
Dredging of Navigation Channels
• Unsuitable material
• Creative disposal


Ship impact on Main Bridges
•   Designed to deflect
•   Seismic resistant
•   Visual Impact
•   Technical challenges



                   Technical challenges   31
Settlement of Embankments
• Soil improvement & testing
• Deferred rail solution
• Ballasted track


High Voltage Interconnect
• Three 220 kV circuits
• Two 400 kV circuits




                    Technical challenges   32
In Conclusion

• Rich heritage of major bridges in the GCC
• The Qatar Bahrain Causeway will enrich this
  heritage
• First high-speed rail crossing
• Numerous challenges to overcome
• A landmark project for the Region




              Concluding remarks                33
Thank You




            34

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Bridges Middle East - Rick Haggett - Qatar Bahrain Causeway Management

  • 1. Qatar-Bahrain Causeway Project Bridges Middle East Conference 2009
  • 2. • Bridges in the region • Qatar-Bahrain Causeway (the latest & greatest) • Design and construction issues • Introduction of rail • Technical challenges Introduction 2
  • 3. Bridges in the Region Bridges Middle East Conference 2009 3
  • 4. Typically: Notably: • Water crossings • Abu Dhabi • Connect population centres • Dubai • Access key infrastructure • Bahrain Bridges in the Region 4
  • 5. Drivers: • Economic growth • Population growth • Urban expansion • Development of major infrastructure • Increasing traffic Bridges in the Region 5
  • 6. Abu Dhabi Sheikh Zayed Bridge Saadiyat Island Bridge (Sheikh Khalifa Bridge) Hodariyat Bridge Bridges in the Region 6
  • 7. Dubai Business Bay Bridge Garhoud Bridge Palm Jebel Ali Crescent Bridges Dubai Metro Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Crossing (6th Crossing) Bridges in the Region 7
  • 8. Bahrain Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Bridge Sheikh Isa Causeway Bridges in the Region 8
  • 10. King Fahd Causeway Bridges in the Region 10
  • 11. Qatar-Bahrain Causeway Bridges Middle East Conference 2009 11
  • 12. QBC Project Overview • 40km marine causeway • 2 lane highway in each direction Bahrain • Adjacent high-speed rail facility • 2 dredged navigation channels • 2 high level arch bridges Qatar • 23km bridges / viaducts • 17km embankments • 2 rest area islands • Interchanges, tolling, border facilities Qatar-Bahrain Causeway 12
  • 14. Design and Construction Issues Bridges Middle East Conference 2009 14
  • 15. Large Marine Site • Pre-cast solution adopted: – To limit offshore operations – To maintain control over quality & safety • Design closely linked to construction methods • Design-Build approach adopted • Allows fast-tracking of schedule Design and Construction issues 15
  • 16. Material: • Volumes required • Need to ensure – Consistent quality – Reliability of supply • High import content • Marine Borrow • Durability considerations Design and Construction issues 16
  • 17. Concrete Durability: Options • Stainless steel • Corrosion inhibitor • Coating • Cathodic Protection • Extent of splash zone Design and Construction issues 17
  • 18. Eurocode: • One of the first projects to use • Europe-wide code for bridge design (road/rail) from 2010 • Option of factored loads or 3rd party checks • Reliability & Consequence Classes Design and Construction issues 18
  • 19. Alignment at Landing Points Influenced by: • Archaeology (Qatar) • Competing land use (Bahrain) • Stakeholder Requirements Design and Construction issues 19
  • 20. Qatar Landing Point Design and Construction issues 20
  • 21. 3 km Design and Construction issues 21
  • 23. Introduction of Rail Bridges Middle East Conference 2009 23
  • 24. Introduction of Rail Concept design: • Road only • Twin deck viaducts • 80 m viaduct spans • Cable-stay bridges over Navigation Channels Introduction of Rail 24
  • 25. Impact of Rail • Larger vertical and horizontal loads – Freight • Limitation on gradient and horizontal curvature – High-speed passenger • Extended Schedule Introduction of rail 25
  • 26. Resultant changes to concept design: • Vertical and horizontal alignments revised • Length of viaduct increased • Stronger, stiffer structures • Arch bridges replaced cable-stayed • Closer pier spacing • Twin road decks combined • Navigation Channel relocated Introduction of rail 26
  • 27. Technical Challenges Bridges Middle East Conference 2009 27
  • 28. Environmental • Zero impact on hydraulic flows • Extensive baseline measurements • Ongoing Monitoring • Constraints on construction methods Technical challenges 28
  • 29. Quality & Safety • Remote sites • Working at height • Heavy lifts • 24/7 working • Cost-driven schedule • Motivating the workforce Technical Challenges 29
  • 30. Rail Issues • Axle Load • Bahrain Network • Speeds • Qatar Network • Height Clearance • GCC Network • Emergency Escape • Maintenance Access Technical Challenges 30
  • 31. Dredging of Navigation Channels • Unsuitable material • Creative disposal Ship impact on Main Bridges • Designed to deflect • Seismic resistant • Visual Impact • Technical challenges Technical challenges 31
  • 32. Settlement of Embankments • Soil improvement & testing • Deferred rail solution • Ballasted track High Voltage Interconnect • Three 220 kV circuits • Two 400 kV circuits Technical challenges 32
  • 33. In Conclusion • Rich heritage of major bridges in the GCC • The Qatar Bahrain Causeway will enrich this heritage • First high-speed rail crossing • Numerous challenges to overcome • A landmark project for the Region Concluding remarks 33
  • 34. Thank You 34