 Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or tensile stress. In everyday terms (for fluids only), viscosity is "thickness". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity.  Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. For example, high-viscosity magma will create a tall, steep stratovolcano, because it cannot flow far before it cools, while low-viscosity lava will create a wide, shallow-sloped shield volcano.  The less viscous something is, the greater its ease of movement (fluidity). All real fluids (except superfluids) have some resistance to stress, but a fluid which has no resistance to shear stress is known as an ideal fluid or inviscid fluid.  The study of viscosity is known as rheology.

1. Presented by: Mehmet C. Vasfi

2. What is Viscosity?
 Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either
shear stress or tensile stress. In everyday terms (for fluids only), viscosity is
"thickness". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick",
having a higher viscosity.
 Viscosity describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a
measure of fluid friction. For example, high-viscosity magma will create a tall, steep
stratovolcano, because it cannot flow far before it cools, while low-viscosity lava will
create a wide, shallow-sloped shield volcano.
 The less viscous something is, the greater its ease of movement (fluidity). All real fluids
(except superfluids) have some resistance to stress, but a fluid which has no
resistance to shear stress is known as an ideal fluid or inviscidfluid.
 The study of viscosity is known as rheology.

3. Importance of Kinematic Viscosity
 Measure of the fluid's flow characteristics.
 Primary parameter responsible for the system's health and the most important
property of a lubricating oil:
- Important factor in lubricating film formation
- Effects heat generation in bearings, gears and cylinders
- Governs the sealing effect of the oil
- Determines the ease of cold starting equipment
 The “right” viscosity balances :
- The need for thickness - to endure mechanical stress and provide sufficient
lubrication
- The need for thinness - for pumpability, precision control and minimum friction
losses.
 Applicable standards : ASTM D445, D446, D7279

4. Kinematic Viscosity
“A fluid’s resistance to flow”
Measurement of the time for a volume of liquid to flow under
gravity, through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer
in predefined temperature
mm2/s (centiStoke)
V = C • t

5. Viscosity Preservation
 Oil viscosity will increase over normal conditions. A dropin viscosity is far more
serious than an increase in viscosity.
- Maintain viscosity within nominal guidelines
- Maintain viscosity within nominal guidelines by monitoring
- Use lubricants per OEM specifications
- Choose lubricants with high quality basestocks
- Reduce contamination entering the system

6. Viscosity Breakdown
VISCOSITY CAN BE DECREASED BY
 Excessive load
 Fuel dilution
 Additive shear
 Leaking head gaskets
 Coolant leaks
VISCOSITY CAN BE INCREASED BY
 Excessive water contamination
 Soot and particle contamination
 Oxidation degradation
 Extended oil drain
 Improper operating temperature
 Improper oil grade

7. Standard Measurement Technique
Thermostated bath with glass viscometers such as Ubbelohde, Ostwald etc,
using manual timing and sample detection:
1. Pour sample into tube
2. Let it warm up
3. Pump sample up above the upper timing mark
4. Release the sample,
5. Start time measurement at upper timingmark
6. Stop measurement at lower timing mark
7. Take out and clean viscometer by rinsing with solvent and dry
8. Repeat steps from 1-7 for second time
9. Check if results fit standard deviation
10. IF Yes, report the average of the results as the kinematic viscosity
11. IF No, repeat the whole test.

8. Disadvantages of Standard Systems
 Requires large quantities of sample (15-50 ml)
 Slow: long measurement cycles
 Low range measurement capacity
 Difficult to clean and dry and very labor intensive
 High solvent consumption = high costs
 Difficult to exchange tubes
(Narrow measuring tube range)

9. Viscol-10 Series Kinematic Viscometer
 Wide-range (120 Fold) viscosity
measurement with single viscometer tube
 Eliminates operator effects and failures
 Eliminates solvent interactions by full
automated washing system
 Increases time efficiency of operators
 Eliminates calibration costs
 Reduces analysis cycle time
 Transfers data to USB & PC
 Requires less sample and less solvent

10. Viscol-10 Series Kinematic Viscometer
Time measurement Automatic
Washing Automatic
Sample Introduction Automatic
Dual Solvent Yes, Standard
Results History Yes
Calibration Automatic
Stand-alone Unit Yes
Temperature Sensitivity 0.001 C
Data transfer USB and PC
Safety Interlocks Yes
Heating (direct programmable)
Cooling (heat exchanger)
Yes, Standard

11. Viscol-10 Series Features
 Easy to use: place sample & go !
 Highly reliable and repeatable
 Short measuring cycles
 No need to exchange viscometers
 Easy viscometer replacement:
- No need to drain bath
- No re-aligning sensors
- Back to work in minutes
 Built-in PC with Touch Panel
 Sample effect free opaque and
transparant liquids
 Low maintenance
 Quick bath warm-up
(stable within 20 minutes)
 Temperature sensitivity (0.001 C)
 All wet parts and fittings are
chemically resistant

12. Viscol-10 General Specifications
Measurement Range 0,5 cSt – 25000 cSt
Temperature Range -20 oC – 170 oC
Temperature Stability / Sensitivity +/- 0.01 oC / +/- 0.001 oC
Time Detection Sensitivity 0.001 sec
Sample Introduction Automatic
Viscometer Calibration Automatic
Solvent usage per washing 10 - 15 mL
Instrument Control Built-in Windows Based Touch P. PC
Programmable Dual Wash Solvent Yes, standard
Data Transfer USB & PC
Bath Cooling Heat Exchanger Yes, standard
Multi Samples Preheating Yes, option
Safety Interlocks Overheat,and leak interlocks
Dimensions 30W x 50D x 80H cm

13. Viscol-10 Front and Rear Panel

14. Viscol-10 Series Main Menu
Viscosity
Index
Calculator
(ASTM D2272)
Viscosity
Extrapolation
Calculator
(ASTM D341)
Heater Light
Ventilation
Mixer
Quick
Shutdown
Sample Lift
and Tube
Control
Main
Operations
Selected
ASTM & Test
Methods

15. Viscol-10 Operational Components
DetectionSensors
Cooling Heat
Exchanger
Bath Level
Sensor
Heater
Over temperature
limiter
Mixer

16. Viscol-10 Series Measurement Range
Bulb -3-
Bulb -2-
Bulb -1-
Three measurement bulbs are included in one
single Ubbelohde viscometer. Providing
advantage of using the same tube for low and
high viscosity samples without tube replacement.
 Bulb 1: High Viscosity Section
 Bulb 2: Mid Viscosity Section
 Bulb 3: Low Viscosity Section
Reservoir
cSt
(mm2/s)
50 sn 200 sn 1000 sn 1500 sn
Bulb 1 30 120 620 930
Bulb 2 15 60 300 450
Bulb 3 6 24 120 180
One tube covers wide viscosity measurement range,
eliminating change of viscometer for different sample
types.

17. Viscol-10 Series Automatic Measurement
i. Sample automatically introduced to the viscometer tube
ii. Programmable warm up time for temperature stabilization
iii. Sample is released for free fall by gravity
iv. When sample reaches to first detection point, timer is activated
v. When sample reaches to second detection point, timer is stopped
vi. Programmable sample multi measurement cycles. System repeat
measurement and checks if results fit in max allowed deviation
vii. If not, third measurement will be carried out automatically within
allowed deviation
viii. Closest 2 results with their avarage value will be shown on screen
and saved in to analysis history automatically within allowed
deviation
ix. Tube is cleaned with desired solvent according to operator choice
With automatic user programmable cleaning cycles & solvents
x. Ready for new measurement

18. ASTM D445, ASTM D446
ISO 3104, ISO 3105, IP71, DIN 51562
Models

19. Models
ASTM D2857, ASTM D789, ASTM D4603,
ASTM D1243, ASTM D1795, ASTM D4243
ASTM D871, ISO 1628, ISO 307, ISO 5351,
IEC 60450, TAPPI 230
Relative Viscosity
Specific Viscosity
Intrinsic Viscosity

20. Viscol-10 Series
 Viscosity reference standards
 Glass and metal sample cups
 Air dry cartridge
New Filter Saturated Filter

21. Viscol-10 Series Options
 Cooling circulator (For measurements below room temp.
and fast cool down process)
 Multi-sample preheater
 Hot dry air supplier

22. Please shoot your questions !
biolab@biolab.com.tr
www.biolab.com.tr
Thanks for listening.

23. Viscol 10 Series
Automatic Kinematic Viscometer

24. Viscol 10 Series
Automatic Kinematic Viscometer
Viscosity is defined as the rate of a fluid’s internal
resistance to the force that is required to flow.
Intermolecular force, molecular mass and temperature
of a fluid is considered as the three main factors
effecting the viscosity. Fluids such as water, air, oil etc.
that have directly proportional flow rate with friction
resistance are called as Newtonian fluids.
Best method to measure viscosity of Newtonian
fluids is by using capillary viscometers. With capillary
viscometers, viscosity is determined based on the flow
time of a fluid which is kept at a specific temperature
inside a capillary with known diameter and length.
Viscol 10 Series, fully-automatic kinematic viscometers,
equipped with the latest temperature control, detector,
chronometer and washing properties with different
models for oil, fuel, bitumen, polymer, paper, food and
similar industrial demands. Viscol 10 Series viscometers
provide the most reliable results for research,
development and quality control practices without any
user intervention.
General Specifications
• Adjustable bath temperature between -30°C to 170°C
• Sensitive temperature control (+/- 0.001°C)
• Flow detection sensitivity of 0.001 seconds
• Built-in rapid-cooling unit
• Preheating unit for solid and heavy samples
• Analysis capacity from 0,5 cSt to 25.000 cSt
• Low solvent consumption and waste output
• Fully-automatic sample injection measuring,
washing and drying functions
• Built-in single and dual solvent washing function
• Windows-based integrated touch-screen IPC
• USB data transfer
• Leakage and high temperature warning system
• Benchtop, easy-to-operate, ergonomic structure

25. Viscol 10A
Oil & Fuel Viscometer
ASTM D445, ASTM D446,
ISO 3104, ISO 3105, IP 71, DIN 51562
Viscol 10A, developed to automatically measure
kinematic viscosity of oils and fuels at 40°C and 100°C
in a single high precision bath with all necessary
components including rapid cooling unit.
Areas of Use
• Mineral and Base Oils
• Used and Waste Oils
• Light and Heavy Fuels
• Crude Oil
• Marine Fuels
Viscosity Measurement Range 0,5 - 25.000 mm2
/s (cSt)
Flow Time Detection Sensitivity 0,001 s
Temperature Range Ambient to 130°C
Temperature Sensitivity 0,001°C
Sample and Solvent Amount 12 ml sample - 10 ml solvent/test
Single and Dual Solvent Cleaning Standard
User Interface Touch-Screen Windows IPC
Operating Conditions 10°C - 35°C
Dimensions (WxLxH) 300x500x800 mm
Weight 40 kg
Power Supply 110 - 240 VAC - 50/60 Hz
Technical Specifications

26. Viscol 10P
Plastic/Polymer Viscometer
ASTM D2857, ASTM D789,
ASTM D4603, ASTM D1243,
ASTM D1795, ASTM D4243,
ASTM D871, ISO 1628, ISO 307,
ISO 5351, IEC 60450, TAPPI 230
Viscol 10P, developed with acid resistive teflon
and glass components for various polymer
and plastic applications to measure viscosity
values between 10°C - 140°C without any user
intervation.
Areas of Use
• Plastic Applications
• Polymer Applications
• Paper / Cellulose
Relative, specific, reduced and intrinsic viscosity values
Viscosity Measurement Range 0,5 - 25.000 mm2
/s (cSt)
Flow Time Detection Sensitivity 0,001 s
Temperature Range 10°C - 140°C
Temperature Sensitivity 0,001°C
Sample and Solvent Amount 12 ml sample - 10 ml solvent/test
Single and Dual Solvent Cleaning Standard
User Interface Touch-Screen Windows IPC
Operating Conditions 10°C - 35°C
Dimensions (WxLxH) 300x500x800 mm
Weight 40 kg
Power Supply 110 - 240 VAC - 50/60 Hz
Technical Specifications

27. Viscol 10B
Asphalt/Bitumen Viscometer
ASTM D445/D446, ASTM D2170,
ISO 3104, ISO 3105, IP 71, DIN 51562
Viscol 10B is suitable for viscosity measurements of
heavy samples as asphalt, bitumen and etc. up to
170°C with its integrated and external preheating
options.
Areas of Use
• Mineral and Base Oils
• Used and Waste Oils
• Light and Heavy Fuels
• Crude Oil
• Marine Fuels
• Asphalt/Bitumen
Viscosity Measurement Range 0,5 - 25.000 mm2
/s (cSt)
Flow Time Detection Sensitivity 0,001 s
Temperature Range Ambient to 170°C
Temperature Sensitivity 0,001°C
Sample and Solvent Amount 12 ml sample - 10 ml solvent/test
Single and Dual Solvent Cleaning Standard
User Interface Touch-Screen Windows IPC
Operating Conditions 10°C - 35°C
Dimensions (WxLxH) 300x500x800 mm
Weight 40 kg
Power Supply 110 - 240 VAC - 50/60 Hz
Technical Specifications

28. Viscol 10J
Low Temperature Viscometer
ASTM D445, ASTM D446,
ISO 3104, ISO 3105,
Viscol 10J is suitable for sensitive viscosity
measurements down to -30°C for jet fuels and
similar applications.
Areas of use
• Jet fuels
• Transmission oils
• Hydraulic oils
Special BKS washing and drying system
Viscosity Measurement Range 0,5 - 25.000 mm2
/s (cSt)
Flow Time Detection Sensitivity 0,001 s
Temperature Range -30°C - 130°C
Temperature Sensitivity 0,001°C
Sample and Solvent Amount 12 ml sample - 10 ml solvent/test
Single and Dual Solvent Cleaning Standard
User Interface Touch-Screen Windows IPC
Operating Conditions 10°C - 35°C
Dimensions (WxLxH) 300x500x800 mm
Weight 40 kg
Power Supply 110 - 240 VAC - 50/60 Hz
Technical Specifications

29. Options
• Preheating unit for intensive and solid samples
• Compressed dry air supplier
• Adjustable bath temperature up to 170°C
• TLC rapid-cooling circulator
Replacement Parts & Consumables
• Multi-fold viscosity tubes
• Certified viscosity reference standards
• Silicon bath oil
• Sample containers PE, glass and metal
• Solvent and waste bottles
ASTM D445
ASTM D446
ASTM D789
ASTM D871
ASTM D1243
ASTM D1601
ASTM D1795
ASTM D2170
ASTM D2857
ASTM D4243
ASTM D4603
ISO 307
ISO 1628
ISO 3104
ISO 5351
IP 71
TAPPI 230
IEC 60450
DIN 51562
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and
Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for
Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity
of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
Standard Test Methods of Testing Cellulose Acetate
Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of
Vinyl Chloride Polymers
Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
Standard Test Method for Intrinsic Viscosity of Cellulose
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Average Viscometric Degree
of Polymerization of New and Aged Electrical Papers and Boards
Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of
Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer
Plastic -- Determination of the viscosity of polymers in dilute solution
using capillary viscometers
Plastics -- Polyamides -- Determination of viscosity number
Pulps -- Determination of limiting viscosity number in
cupri-ethylenediamine (CED) solution
Measurement of the average viscometric degree of polymerization
of new and aged cellulosic electrically insulating materials
Viscol 10A Viscol 10P Viscol 10B Viscol 10J
Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination
of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
Viscosity of pulp (capillary viscometer method)
Viscometry - Measurement of kinematic viscosity by means of the
Ubbelohde viscometer
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens)
Standard Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
Petroleum products -- Transparent and opaque liquids -- Determination
of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity
Standards

30. BASE & MINERAL OILS
Oil viscosity and automatic
viscosity index (VI)
calculation 40°C and 100°C in
accordance with ASTM D445
LIQUID FUELS
Calculating viscosity values of
all heavy and light liquid fuels
up to 150°C in accordance
with the related standards
USED&WASTEOILS
Determiningtheviscosity
valuesat40°Cand100°C
rangefordisplayingthe
statusofmachineoil
POLYMER
Determining all relative,
specific and etc. values in
20°C-140°C range suitable
for various polymer practices
PAPER/PULP
Determining the viscosities
of paper and paper pulp in
accordance with the ISO
and TAPPI standards
CRUDE OIL
Determining the
viscosities of crude oil
samples at low and
high temperatures
Beytepe Mahallesi Beyler Caddesi 1651. Sokak No: 8 Çankaya / Ankara 06810, Turkey
Tel: +90 312 468 85 30 Fax: +90 312 468 85 33 biolab@biolab.com.tr
www.biolab.com.tr
ASPHALT/BITUMEN
Calculating the viscosity values
of asphalt and bitumen samples
at high temperature through
preheating