Guía de repaso intro

1. GUÍA DE REPASO
TEACHER ORIANNA LORENZI

2. DEFINICIÓN DE…
Definition of…
 STATEMENT: Es una declaración.
 SENTENCE: Es una oración.
 QUESTION: Es una pregunta.
 ANSWER: Es una respuesta.
 AFFIRMATIVE: Es en afirmativo.
 NEGATIVE: Es en negativo.
 SUBJECT: Es el sujeto de la oración. Puede ser el nombre propio o un pronombre.
 NOUN: Es un sustantivo. Puede ser un animal, objeto o persona.
 MAIN VERB: El verbo/acción de la oración.
 COMPLEMENT: Es el predicado o complemento de la oración.
 ADJECTIVE: Es un adjetivo. Son palabras que definen las cualidades de un sustantivo.
 AUXILIAR VERBS: Sirven para construir frases negativas e interrogativas y también los usamos para la
formación de algunos tiempos verbales.

3. LEYENDA
STATEMENT
YES/NO QUESTION
WH QUESTION EXAMPLE
AFFIRMATIVE ANSWER
S
? ×
EX
√
WH
NEGATIVE ANSWER

4. ALPHABET

5. VOWELS

6. NUMBERS

7. PRONOUNS - SUBJECTS
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
POSSESIVE
ADJECTIVES
POSSESIVE
PRONOUNS
REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
I ME MY MINE MYSELF
YOU YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELF/YOURSELVES
WE US OUR OURS OURSELVES
THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS THEMSELVES
SHE HER HER HERS HERSELF
HE HIM HIS HIS HIMSELF
IT IT ITS ITS ITSELF

8. WH QUESTIONS
PREGUNTAS ESPECÍFICAS
WH ANSWERS TO… EXAMPLES TRANSLATION
WHAT Information about something WHAT IS YOUR NAME? ¿CUÁL ES TU NOMBRE?
WHEN Time WHEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY? ¿CUÁNDO ES TU CUMPLEAÑOS?
WHY Reason WHY DID SHE DO THAT? ¿POR QUÉ ELLA HIZO ESO?
WHO People WHO IS HE? ¿QUIÉN ES ÉL?
HOW Manner, condition or quality HOW DO YOU FEEL? ¿CÓMO TE SIENTES?
WHERE Places WHERE IS SHE WORKING? ¿DÓNDE ESTÁ ELLA TRABAJANDO?
WHOSE Ownership WHOSE JEANS ARE THESE? ¿DE QUIÉN SON ÉSTOS JEANS?
HOW OLD Age HOW OLD ARE THEY? ¿QUÉ EDAD TIENEN ELLOS?
HOW FAR Distance HOW FAR IS YOUR HOUSE? ¿CUÁN LEJOS ESTÁ TU CASA?
HOW LONG Length (Time or Space) HOW LONG DO YOU TAKE EATING? ¿CUÁNTO TARDAS EN COMER?
HOW MANY Countable Quantity HOW MANY CARS ARE HERE? ¿CUÁNTOS CARROS HAY AQUÍ?
HOW MUCH Uncountable Quantity HOW MUCH MONEY DO YOU HAVE? ¿CUÁNTO DINERO TIENES TÚ?

9. YES/NO QUESTIONS
PREGUNTAS QUE RESPONDEN “SÍ” O “NO”
All these questions start with a MODAL VERB or an AUXILIAR VERB
Todas estas preguntas comienzan con un VERBO MODAL o un VERBO AUXILIAR
?
 Am I young?
 Are you cooking?
 Is she with Joe?
 Do you like coffee?
 Does he wear glasses?
 Did you do the homework?
 Have you done that?
 Have you been working?
 Would you like to eat?
 Can you cook?
 Will you come?
 Should I go?
NO,
Subject + Modal/Auxiliar Verb + NOT
YES,
Subject + Modal/Auxiliar Verb

10. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
VERB
BE
AFFIRMATIVE
CONTRACTION
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I AM I’M I’M NOT - I AIN’T
YOU ARE YOU’RE YOU’RE NOT - YOU AREN’T
WE ARE WE’RE WE’RE NOT - WE AREN’T
THEY ARE THEY’RE THEY’RE NOT - THEY AREN’T
SHE IS SHE’S SHE’S NOT - SHE ISN’T
HE IS HE’S HE’S NOT - HE ISN’T
IT IS IT’S IT’S NOT - IT ISN’T
AUXILIAR VERBS
BE
SER/ESTAR

11. AUXILIAR VERBS
BE
SER/ESTAR
S
?
×
√
WH
SUBJECT + VERB BE (NOT) + COMPLEMENT
We are students.
We aren’t students.
VERB BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT?
Are we students?
WH + VERB BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT?
Why are we students?
YES, SUBJECT + VERB BE.
Yes, we are.
NO, SUBJECT + VERB BE + NOT.
No, we are not.

12. AUXILIAR VERBS
DO/DOES
PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR EN TIEMPO PRESENTE
SIEMPRE Y CUANDO NO SIGNIFIQUE “SER/ESTAR”
PERSONAL
PRONOUN
VERB
DO/DOES
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I DO I DON’T
YOU DO YOU DON’T
WE DO WE DON’T
THEY DO THEY DON’T
SHE DOES SHE DOESN’T
HE DOES HE DOESN’T
IT DOES IT DOESN’T
 CON LAS ORACIONES Y
DECLARACIONES EN AFIRMATIVO EL
VERBO AUXILIAR “DO/DOES”
DESAPARECE Y DEBEMOS AGREGAR LA
TERMINACIÓN –ES/-S AL VERBO
PRINCIPAL.
 WITH THE AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AND STATEMENTS THE AUXILIAR VERB
“DO/DOES” DISSAPEARS AND WE HAVE
TO ADD THE –ES/-S ENDING TO THE
MAIN VERB.

13. AUXILIAR VERBS
DO/DOES
PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR EN TIEMPO PRESENTE
SIEMPRE Y CUANDO NO SIGNIFIQUE “SER/ESTAR”
S
?
×
√
WH
SUBJECT + DO/DOES (NOT) + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
She does workS downtown
She doesn’t work downtown
DID + SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT?
Does she work downtown?
WH + VERB BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT?
Where does she work?
YES, SUBJECT + DO/DOES.
Yes, she does.
NO, SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT.
No, she doesn’t.

14. AUXILIAR VERBS
DID
PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR EN TIEMPO PASADO
SIEMPRE Y CUANDO NO SIGNIFIQUE “SER/ESTAR”
PERSONAL
PRONOUN
VERB
DID
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I DID I DIDN’T
YOU DID YOU DIDN’T
WE DID WE DIDN’T
THEY DID THEY DIDN’T
SHE DID SHE DIDN’T
HE DID HE DIDN’T
IT DID IT DIDN’T
 Con las oraciones y declaraciones en
AFIRMATIVO el verbo auxiliar “DID”
DESAPARECE y el verbo principal va en
PASADO.
 With the AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES AND
STATEMENTS THE AUXILIAR VERB “DID”
DISSAPEARS and the MAIN VERB goes in
PAST.

16. AUXILIAR VERBS
DID
PARA PREGUNTAR Y NEGAR EN TIEMPO PRESENTE
SIEMPRE Y CUANDO NO SIGNIFIQUE “SER/ESTAR”
S
?
×
√
WH
SUBJECT + DID NOT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT
He did studIED here.
He didn’t study here.
DID+ SUBJECT + MAIN VERB + COMPLEMENT?
Did he study here?
WH + VERB BE + SUBJECT + COMPLEMENT?
When did he study here?
YES, SUBJECT + DO/DOES.
Yes, she does.
NO, SUBJECT + DO/DOES + NOT.
No, she doesn’t.

17. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
VERB
HAVE/HAS
AFFIRMATIVE
CONTRACTION
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I HAVE I’VE I HAVEN’T
YOU HAVE YOU’VE YOU HAVEN’T
WE HAVE WE’VE WE HAVEN’T
THEY HAVE THEY’VE THEY HAVEN’T
SHE HAS SHE’S SHE HASN’T
HE HAS HE’S HE HASN’T
IT HAS IT’S IT HASN’T
AUXILIAR VERBS
HAVE/HAS
TIEMPOS PERFECTOS

18. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE
CONTRACTION
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I’D I WOULDN’T
YOU YOU’D YOU WOULDN’T
WE WE’D WE WOULDN’T
THEY THEY’D THEY WOULDN’T
SHE SHE’D SHE WOULDN’T
HE HE’D HE WOULDN’T
IT IT’D IT WOULDN’T
MODAL VERBS
WOULD
 EN ESPAÑOL ES EL TIEMPO
CONDICIONAL DE UN VERBO (-ÍA).
 IN SPANISH IT’S THE CONDITIONAL
TENSE OF A VERB (-ÍA).
TIEMPO CONDICIONAL E INVITACIONES

19. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I CAN I CAN’T
YOU YOU CAN YOU CAN’T
WE WE CAN WE CAN’T
THEY THEY CAN THEY CAN’T
SHE SHE CAN SHE CAN’T
HE HE CAN HE CAN’T
IT IT CAN IT CAN’T
MODAL VERBS
CAN
POSIBILIDAD Y HABILIDAD EN PRESENTE

20. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I COULD I COULDN’T
YOU YOU COULD YOU COULDN’T
WE WE COULD WE COULDN’T
THEY THEY COULD THEY COULDN’T
SHE SHE COULD SHE COULDN’T
HE HE COULD HE COULDN’T
IT IT COULD IT COULDN’T
MODAL VERBS
COULD
POSIBILIDAD Y HABILIDAD EN PASADO

21. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE
CONTRACTION
NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I’LL I WON’T
YOU YOU’LL YOU WON’T
WE WE’LL WE WON’T
THEY THEY’LL THEY WON’T
SHE SHE’LL SHE WON’T
HE HE’LL HE WON’T
IT IT’LL IT WON’T
MODAL VERBS
WILL
TIEMPO FUTURO

22. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I SHOULD I SHOULDN’T
YOU YOU SHOULD YOU SHOULDN’T
WE WE SHOULD WE SHOULDN’T
THEY THEY SHOULD THEY SHOULDN’T
SHE SHE SHOULD SHE SHOULDN’T
HE HE SHOULD HE SHOULDN’T
IT IT SHOULD IT SHOULDN’T
MODAL VERBS
SHOULD
OBLIGACIONES O RECOMENDACIONES. OPINIÓN DE LO QUE ES CORRECTO.

23. PERSONAL
PRONOUN
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
CONTRACTION
I I MUST I MUSTN’T
YOU YOU MUST YOU MUSTN’T
WE WE MUST WE MUSTN’T
THEY THEY MUST THEY MUSTN’T
SHE SHE MUST SHE MUSTN’T
HE HE MUST HE MUSTN’T
IT IT MUST IT MUSTN’T
MODAL VERBS
MUST
OBLIGACIONES, PROHIBICIONES O NECESIDADES.