Published by Indonesia Water and Sanitation Working Group. First Edition in August 2003

2. Information Media for Water Supply and
From the Editor 1
Environmental Sanitation
Your Voice 2
Published by:
Working Group for Water Supply and Main Feature
Sanitation WSS in the Hands of SBY-JK 3
Advisor: Portrait of WSS Working in 2006 8
Director General for Urban and Interview
Rural Development,
Department of Public Works Assistant to the Deputy for Domestic and Small Industry
Pollution Control, Misitry of Environment 9
Board of Trustee:
Director of Human Settlement and Housing, Study
National Development Planning Agency
Republic of Indonesia Study on Public Funding for WSS Development in Indonesia 12
Director of Environmental Sanitation, Reportase
Ministry of Health
Director of Water Supply Development, Guarding Sustainability by Imposing Strict Regulation 15
Department of Public Works Regulation
Director of Natural Resources and
Appropriate Technology, Director General on Settlement of State Loan by PDAM 17
Village and Community Empowerment,
Department of Home Affairs
Insight
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning Review of Waste Management Indonesia in 2006 19
Environment Management,
Department of Home Affairs Teropong
ProAir wates Strarts Flowing 23
Chief Editor:
Oswar Mungkasa Chairman of Bappeda of W. Sumba 25
Our Guest
Board of Editor:
Supriyanto, Johan Susmono, Lula Kamal: Social Responsibility 26
Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto
Innovation
Editor: Bio-Toilet, Environmentally Friendly Dry Toilet 28
Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,
Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Story
Essy Asiah, Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti Waste Brings Blessing 30
Design/Illustrator: Around Plan
Rudi Kosasih
Towards Child Friendly School 32
Production: ISSDP Corner
Machrudin
Study on Sanitation Condition in Indonesia 35
Distribution: Around WASPOLA 37
Agus Syuhada
Around WSS 40
Address: IATPI Clinic 47
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 CD Info 48
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
BOOK Info 49
redaksi@ampl.or.id WEBSITE Info 50
oswar@bappenas.go.id
Agenda 51
Unsolicited article or opinion items WSS Bibliography 52
are welcome. Please send to our address
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
accompanied by identity.
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id
This magazine can be accessed at Water
Supply and Environmental Sanitation Percik Magazine in December Edition is published on partnership activity between WSS Working Group and Plan Indonesia
Website at www.apml.or.id

3. F R O M T H E E D I TO R
W
ithout fully aware of it we are inspite of limitations. WSS projects are
coming into the end of 2006. beginning to get on the move though
Several notable events have they are rated slow. Take a look at
happened during the year. Some were ProAir in NTT that is beginning to
some successes, some failures and wriggle, WSLIC-2 is nearing its
semi failures. Have we provided completion, CWSH is clearing
the best service to the communi- its way into several other
ty? It might be that we have regions, SANIMAS are
forgotten our task for being being replicated to seve-
too busy thinking about our ral kabupatens/cities,
own rights. We are only and CLTS. Sociali-
thinking of our own fate, zation of the natio-
position, status, interest nal policy for com-
and do not have the munity based WSS
slightest care to the development is
community who has for going on in various
nearly 8 years depressed regions though it
in a valley of prolonged still does vover the
crisis. Maybe we have whole country. Ob-
forgotten that we are only viously, one cannot
public servants being paid deny all this just that
by the community and way.
instead we have the heart to Dear readers, in this
become indifferent to them end of the year edition
though our incompetence? Let's Percik in cooperation with
contemplate and do self introspection. Plan Indonesia presents Per-
Dear readers, time is rolling contin- cik Junior. It is planned that
uously. It never moves back. For us WSS Working Group Secretariat Staff this supplement will become regular.
moving forward into the future is the buraucracies and the community And in terms of column, we present to
unavoidable. Will we greet the dawn of either. If any, the quantity does not rep- new columns namely Our Guest. We
2007 with glory? Or, are we going to resent the larger entity. It comes locally have never presented it to you be-
repeat the mistake of the past and and partially. The cases that have been fore.Our guest this time is Lula Kamal, a
unable to take lessons from it? Let's happening time after after time seem to physician cum celebrity. We hope that
hope for a bright future. repeat again this year. Last year with the appearance of certain public
In this end of the year, Percik wish to Lewigajah slid down carrying with it fugure, Percik's human interest value is
review several subjects related to WSS. scores of human lives, this year it was increasing. However, Percik should not
We hope what has happened in this sec- Bantar Gebang to take the turn. The be too "heavy" and maintains its con-
tor will become valuable lessons for us waste hilltop tumbled down burying a nection with WSS.
to learn. Isn't that we can learn from number of scavengers then in operation. Lastly, we hope that the present
both successes and failures? Our suc- Water shortage hit vast areas in the Percik in this year end will serve as trig-
cesses may be replicated in 2007, if pos- country. The same is flood water, pollu- ger -- borrowing the term used by CLTS-
sible at a higher level. While if we failed, tion, etc. everything seems to be annual for us to do better especially in enhanc-
we can move into success by studying routine ing WSS development. We are antici-
the causes of the failure and avoid them. In the midst of this gloomy situa- pating your comment and suggestion
Speaking in general, the path led by tion, believe or not, a dot of hopeful ray for improvement of this magazine in
WSS sector has not made any significant is visible in the horizon. Several WSS 2007. Have a nice reading.
leap. It is natural because the level of related activities are continuing in Best regards.
care has not yet improved, in all levels of
Percik December 2006 1

4. Y O U R VO I C E
Pokmair Experience in use, improvement of village income and have failed to meet PAM DKI target in
East Lombok community welfare. bringing down water leakage level. The
Lalu Maksum, S.Sos average leakage is still standing around
Head of Environmental Management 50 percent. Imagine how much is the burden
In general, WSS management in Ka- Health Agency Kabupaten of
bupaten E.Lombok is run a community E. Lombok, NTB that must be borne by the consumers.
management team. In this way the It's heavy and objectionable of course.
community is responsible for the safety Poor Performance, Tariff Is Apparently, privatization does not
Increased. How Come? bring an improvement as expected.
of the facility. In E.Lombok such a team
Especially one that relates to vital public
is called Water Users' Group (Pokmair).
In the coming January the Provicial sector. The consumers remain helpless,
The Pokmair concept was introduced in
Government of Jakarta (DKI) will should the tariff be increased. The com-
1980s and was organized under several
increase water tariff. According to the munity no has choice. Drinking water
different names: Management, Supervi-
Regulatory Body the tariff is adjusted in directly from the Ciliwung is unlikely.
sory, Clean Water Maintenance Team
accordance with the contract. The rate This is the lessons learned from the
(P3SAB). At the moment only 25 per-
will be up by 13-25 percent. fact that private sector does not consi-
cent of the initial number is really func-
From the busines side, i.e to the for- der the social factor, everything is for
tioning (some 200 plus teams out of an the sake of business. Consequently, the
eign companies PT Palyja and PT TPJ,
initial number of 830). The teams were people can not do much. This is a mis-
this is obviously a good news. Their
given a training by the regional govern- take that must be corrected. Privatiza-
income will jump upwards. But from
ment (Pemda) agency to build their tion of public property causes damages
the community side, this plan is
capacity in organization, administra- to the people. Are we aware of this?
extremely objectionable. To cite a fact,
tion, technical aspects and how to In the future, public property must
up to now the companies are unable to
explore financial source from the com- be managed by the state. It does not
improve their service. Complains are
munity. heard out from everywhere. How could mean the property cannot be sold. It
Several Pokmairs have installed wa- the tariff be increased? may be all right. If it is profitable, the
ter meter to measure water use by the con- From the news in the media, one can profit will go back to the public. What
sumers.They are Pokmairs of Ledang barely say that the companies have really happen now is the state is stupe-
Nangka of Kecamatan Masbagik, Wana- made any acceptable performance. fied, the people being squeezed, while
saba of Kec. Wanasaba, Montong of Kec. Since the contract was signed in 1998, the private sector harvests the juice.
Montong Gading, Layar Berkembang of the two world class water providers Puput
Pijot Village in the Kecamatan Keruak. Bekasi
To motivate Pokmair performance
the Pemda developed a competitive Cartoon Percik created by RUDIKOZ
approach through prizes and awards to
the best performing teams. The win-
ning Pokmair is recommended to follow
similar competition at provincial level.
Pokmair of E. Lombok have won first
place 4 times, second place 3 times and
third place once.
Some of the advantages of Pokmair
is in building sense of belongingness of
the community members so that the
facility is well maintained, good water
quality, prevention of wasteful water
2 Percik December 2006

5. M A I N F E AT U R E
Last October the SBY-JK administration marked its two years in office.
What role the administration has played in water supply and enviromental
sanitation (WSS) sector? Has it met the expectation
And what will be done next?
A
blue book is in press for publi- statement that for the rest of his tenure Action Planning) Project. In this year
cation by the end of the year. in office he will be more concretely con- the National Policy for Community
This book that is entitled cerned in development implementation Based WSS Develepment is implement-
"Struggle to rebuild Indonesia" will than he was in the earlier period. This ed in nine provinces, namely W.
serve as a report of SBY-JK administra- means, during the first two years he was Sumatra, Bangka Belitung, Banten, C.
tion performance for the two years. As concentrating more on laying the foun- Java, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), S.
for the contents, you must have been dation, in other words less concrete. Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and E. Nusa
aware of. There is nothing spectacular Tenggara (NTT). The last two are new
during this time frame. The reason is, National Policy provinces in joining the project. There
the complexity of problems and chal- The year 2006 is the third year of are in total 49 kabupatens/kotas cur-
lenges. WASPOLA-II (Indonesia Water Supply rently taking part in the project imple-
This fact is admitted from SBY's and Sanitation Policy Formulation and mentation. Compare it with only 28
Percik December 2006 3

6. M A I N F E AT U R E
kabupatens/kotas the previous year. SOURCE: MAWARDI
This year has been a success year for
WASPOLA intervention. This is eviden-
ced from all the participating kabu-
patens/kotas each has had the working
group established. Some even have for-
mulated the strategy plan for their
respective communities. While attend-
ing WASPOLA facilitated training the
Kabupatens showed an excellent parti-
cipation. All of the kabupatens tried
their best to get involved. Approval for
budget commitment for FY 2007 is
noted in one region after the
other. This is perhaps because of
the better involvement of the re-
gional leaders, whether the bupati,
head of Bappeda, or DPRD. Some
of the regions, particularly the
Kabupatens of Pekalongan, Ke-
bumen and Lebak have even
implemented the policy further Drinking water
down to physical construction. The In general, the increase of drinking
province of Banten is committed to In general, the increase water service is too very un-significant.
put the policy into implementation
of drinking water service Regional Water Supply Company
in FY 2007. All of those indicate (PDAM) as the responsible company for
that WASPOLA intervention has
is very un-significant.
regional provider fails to perform as
been successful in changing the local Regional Water Supply
expected. The level of water quality as
goverment’s paradigm to develop Company (PDAM) as the mandated by the Letter of Decision of
their region using their own responsible company for Health Minister No. 907/Men-
resources and capability. Unfortu- regional provider fails to kes/SK/VII/2002 has not been
nately this policy implementation does perform as expected. achieved.
not spread to the majority of provinces Insufficient water service is eviden-
in Indonesia. What has been reached is ced from low service coverage area (only
in less than the third of them. If we 53,4 percent in 2004), high rate of water
count in terms of kabupatens, the pro- PDAM credit restructuring is being placed.
loss from leakage (37 percent), and
portion will certainly be much smaller. Apart from the above fact, this
management inefficiency. This ineffi-
In the meantime, the formulation of national policy has been treading on
ciency is indicated from expansion of
Institutionally Based WSS Development bumpy roads. This is because the policy
management unit at the kabupa-
Policy is stuck somewhere all this year. It has not been fully disseminated to the
ten/kota level. In addition, increase of
seems that the draft that was prepared in line ministries nor even the president
production cost due to lowering raw
2005 has been kept entirely untouched. and legislative members. The highest
water quality from environmental de-
There is no news of its official approval. recognition it could get is from the eche-
gradation.
We must admit that it is not easy to issue a lon 1 officials. Even then, not all of them.
In such a condition in seral areas,
policy on institutionally based policy after If it were the overall commitment from
especially of C. Java PDAM is suffering
everything is already in place. all levels of the government the WSS
from long dry season. Almost 70 per-
According to one source, it is said that development may be able to run much
cent of areas on Java are suffering from
the institutionally based policy will be offi- faster. This is the challenge that has not
similar condition. To overcome lack of
cially put into effect after the regulation for been resolved.
4 Percik December 2006

7. M A I N F E AT U R E
water because of this dry season taking account of the PDAM. This regulation is construction in 2007. Three others will
into consideration the service to the revision to the earlier DG Treasury follow in 2008. Up to the end of 2006
community, the government took the Regulation No. 43/PB/2006. It is the project has reached 2,5 users in 35
following steps: hoped that with this new regulation it kabupatens. In 2008 when the project
1. Construction of 17 underground could effectively enhance an optimum is completed the coverage will be 3,5
water extraction installations. state loan settlement by PDAM. This in users. At this moment the project is
2. Consolidation of raw water con- essence is a step towards PDAM loan doing various other activities including
veyance system connecting Klambu restructuring. completion of undone activities from
Kudu to Semarang and Service In this condition the government the previous phases, pushing harder
Conveyance of the city of Surabaya. launched Pansimas (Community Based hygiene behaviour program, expansion
3. Construction of 7 dams for raw Water Supply Provision) Program in of CLTS approaches beyond 10 kabu-
water supply in the provinces of approximately 100 kabupatens/kotas. patens of the WSLIC-2 projects sites,
Banten, W. Java, and Aceh. Through this program it is hoped the and improving the performance of the
4. Construction of 18 reservoirs for service coverage will increase signifi- constructed facilities. In terms of num-
raw water supply in the provinces of cantly and at the same time building ber the expansion of service coverage is
W. Java, C. Java, E. Java, C. community contribution and active par- insignificant. However, all the efforts
Kalimantan, E. Kalimantan, S. ticipation. The program puts it as are accountable.
Sulawesi, and Aceh. Digging wells requirement that the regional govern-
to extract groundwater is effected in ment provides a counterpart budget. At Solid waste
consideration of the principles of a glance the program looks like WSLIC- This year is marked with waste hill
conjuntive use for isolated areas 2 or we may call it WSLIC-3 with an tragedy. Last year TPA Leuwigajah of
and isolated islands of the province addition of income generating compo- Bandung slid downhill, this year it was
of Riau Islands and the Sangihe nent and division of responsibility TPA Bantar Gebang that toppled down
Talaud Islands. among involved sectors and Dept. causing several death tolls. Although
The government also provides Public Works instead of Dept. Health is the number of death was less than the
PDAM a nice present. Last October the named the leading sector. Leuwigajah case, this again is the reflec-
government issued a new regulation on In the meantime WSLIC-2 Project tion how poor is waste management in
the guidelines for settlement by PDAM implementation activities are nearing Indonesia. In general the waste is
of state loan originating from transfer- completion. Four other provinces dumped just that way day after day
ence of foreign loan, investment fund namely NTB, E.Java, S.Sumatra, and without any further treatment. The
account, and regional development W.Sumatra will finish with the physical requirement for sanitary landfill is dis-
regarded. Almost all TPAs in Indonesia
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
are of open dumping type.
As a TPA gets into trouble, the
respective Pemda (Regional Govern-
ment) dithers. This was evident in Ban-
dung. Waste hills were developing all
over the place in the city because there
were no alternative TPAs to keep
bussines going on. As we all know fin-
ding a new TPA is never easy. Finally,
after the national government officials
lent their hands, the problem was
momentarily resolved because up to
now a place that meets the requirements
is not found yet.
The effort to reduce waste from its
very origin has not been successful. The
community has not adopted 3R (reduce,
reuse, recycle) principle into daily prac-
Percik December 2006 5

8. M A I N F E AT U R E
tice. This is probably because the com- SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
munity is still ignorant or because of the
long time habit of collect, transport and
dump practice without any necessity for
the community to get involved. The
campaign towards this direction is
never heard of.
During the tenure of SBY-JK admi-
nistration the tangible result in this area
has been the procurement of 131 dump
trucks, 111 arm rolls, 8 bulldozers, 267
containers, 4 excavators, 20 garbage
transport trucks. As for disposal sites,
the government builds 15 new TPAs,
and expansion of 2 existing ones. In
addition, an improvement has been most notorious causes of deaths of chil- ture for waste water management for
made to 3 old TPAs so that they are now dren under 5 years old, 46 per 1.000 710.931 people. Similar facilities are bu-
capable of providing service to 3,61 mil- childbirths, and is ranked first for cau- ilt in post disaster/conflict areas serving
lion people. ses of infant mortality, 32 per 1.000 904.260 people. In addition the go-
The community is now waiting for childbirths. This indicates that govern- vernment is providing technical assis-
Waste Management Law to become ment care in this sector in wanting, let tance and socialization/dissemination
effective. The Draft been forwarded to alone the level of investment. Whereas, of wastewater management related pro-
DPR for deliberation and official investment in this sector can bring eco- grams
approval. Yet up to now there is no indi- nomic benefit, indirectly. Economic
cation that the draft is being discussed. loss from water pollution is estimated at Drainage
The existence of the law is very impor- US$4,6 billion a year or approximately An attention to this sector is perhaps
tant for national level waste manage- 2 percent of Indonesian GDP. Therefore the least of all. Statistical data on
ment so that waste is clearly positioned last year the government launched drainage is difficult to find. Let alone
and an there is umbrella for legal action Indonesia Sanitation Sector Develop- what a comprehesive drainage system
accordingly. ment Program. This program is funded looks like. Drainage system develop-
from grant fund provided by the Dutch ment is a partial undertaking and is
Wastewater Government and administratively ma- meant to serve local or casuistical
Liquid waste problem is no less naged by Water and Sanitation Program demand. It is far from being integrated.
complicated than solid waste. This con- (WSP) of the World Bank. At this time Up to this time it is not clear whether a
cern is not limited only to industrial the program is in preparation stage. drainage system in Indonesia is
wastewater but also to human waste. Before that the government has designed to do away with rainwater
The existing regulations are futile in implemented SANIMAS (Sanitation by inundation or it also includes draining
bringing down environmental pollution the community) program. This was wastewater. In reality a drainage canal
caused by wastewater. With regard sa- tried directly in 86 sites involving the is used for everything.
nitation, most of Indonesian popula- community participation from plan- It is of no surprise that speaking of
tion, 67,1 percent, has had access to ning, development, up to maintenance. drainage development one can only ex-
basic sanitation. However, there are Through this program which was speci- plain in terms of bigger ditches such as
only 11 cities in Indonesia that have sa- fically directed to thickly populated primary canals. During SBY-JK admi-
nitation network (conventional sewe- areas, the program has provided service nistration the government has laid
rage and shallow sewer system) that to 48 thousand people. Considering the 347.879 m long primary canals to ease
provide service to a small fraction of success made by the program the go- inundation of several urban and strate-
urban population, i.e 14,8 percent. vernment is now replicating it in 100 gically located areas at a total 2.690 ha
It is not surprising, that the preva- kabupatens/kotas. and inhabited by 595.996 people. In
lence of diarrhoel diseases in Indonesia Simultaneously, the government is addition the government also built
is very high. Diarrhoe is the second also developing facilities and infrastruc- 34.161 m long primary drainage net-
6 Percik December 2006

9. M A I N F E AT U R E
works for flat houses inhabited by effort for the target achievement is a spearhead in achieving MDGs target.
59.837 people consisting of government compelling demand. Besides, pursuant to PP No. 16 of 2005 on
employess and armed forces servicemen The basic philosophy underlying the Development of Drinking Water
in 22 kabupatens/kotas. The govern- MDG is cooperation between the deve- Supply System it is clearly stipulated that
ment will take a serious attention only if loped and developing nations in fighting by 2008 PDAM has to supply drinkable
a major consequence is to be avoided. poverty and one of the means is through water beyond clean water as it stands
expansion of improved water supply today. Therefore the presence of a definite
Challenges and Agenda for the Fu- and basic sanitation service coverage. action plan for producing potable water
ture As time progresses, MDGs are then quality is absolutely a must.
Indonesia is one of the countries translated into mere target figures to The National Policy for Community
that signs MDG’s agreement. In the achieve. The expansion of service cover- Based WSS Development has been
agreement, particularly with age is no more connected to poverty translated into implementation in 49
regard to water supply and sanitation, reduction idea. Actually, the expansion kabupatens/kotas of 9 provinces. An
all nations must reduce by half, in 2015, of service coverage particularly for the active involvement of regional govern-
the proportion of population currently poor is the soul of MDGs. How MDGs ments has produced positive results.
without access to water supply and basic could be achieved that at the same time Some of the results can be seen from the
sanitation facility. For this purpose, all leads to a gate towards reduction of increase in number and amount of fund
involved parties, and not only limited to poor families is our own agenda. allocated for community based WSS
the government, must contribute in the The cooperation of developed and development. It'd take a long time, pro-
target achievement. developing nations is the main key to bably up to 50 years before all kabupa-
The responsibility for water supply MDGs target achievement. If we fully tens/kotas adopt this policy. It would
and sanitation provision has been trans- realize this then the road map towards take new breakthrough and commit-
ferred to the regional government. On achieving MDG targets could serve as a ment from the national government to
the contrary, the action plan for MDGs binding cooperation between the deve- make the national policy a regional pri-
target achievement is echoing more loped and developing nations. The ab- ority. At the time when we admit that
loudly at the national level. As of now sence of such a road map makes us water and sanitation is human's basic
there is no indication, of significance, on seemingly working alone without assis- need, it is but natural if the President
the part of the Pemdas (regional govern- tance from the developed nations. were to announce it the top priority.
ments) to take any movement in Instead of a trigger it becomes a new Waste management is still engaged
response to MDGs targets. MDGs target weight in addition to the numerous to the idea of building more TPAs.
achievement is considered as the na- other heavy burdens already existing. Apart from the success made in the
tional task. If this happens then the tar- PDAM is one of water supply application of 3R principle in several
gets will never be achieved. A common providers, and at the same time the locations, in reality the principle is still
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO more of a discourse than a practice. The
mindset in the realm of waste manage-
ment should have changed from end
pipe approach to reducing production.
Reducing production must be placed as
the main agenda when we speak of
waste management. The government
and the community working together in
reducing waste is prerequsite in waste
problem resolution.
It is a gigantic challenge and a tight
agenda. Probably an advice from a wel-
known figure should be taken in order
to prevent us from frustration, i.e 3R
formula, start from small, start from
oneself, and right now. Let's move.
Why not? OM and MJ
Percik December 2006 7

10. M A I N F E AT U R E
The Portrait of WSS Working
Group in 2006
I
n 2006, WSS Working Group has translated into various activities in-
focused its activities on the opera- Public campaign is intended to cluding Coordination of Development
tionalization of national policy for build the stakeholders under- Strategy of Community Led Total Sani-
community based WSS development standing, care and involvement tation (CLTS), Socialization of Law and
including coordinating the national Regulation related to WSS development
to performance improvement
level implementation, public campaign and so on.
and capacity improvement of WSS
of WSS development related As it is in 2006 public campaign
development activists. efforts plays an important part in achieving
In the series of activities that were WSS development target. This cam-
intended to improve multistakeholder improvement, such as Health Promo- paign is the translation of the communi-
cooperation, several WSS development tion Training, CLTS Training, MPA/- cation stategy developed by WSS
efforts have been successfully brought PHAST Orientation, WSS Technical Working Group in order to make the
into close coordination, such as Training, etc. stakeholders pay a bigger attention to
CWSHP, WSLIC-2, ProAir, and CLTS, Along with the increase in its capaci- WSS development. Because of its
in order to avoid overlapping of activi- ty and capability the WSS Working importance the public campaign will be
ties and that each follows the same Group is now expanding its activity intensified in 2007. Besides, continua-
development paradigm, i.e developing through building cooperation with other tion of all the activities and communica-
community based WSS facility. party, i.e Plan Indonesia. Several coo- tion results obtained in 2006, several
The other focus is on public cam- peration programs were developed innovations to be implemented in
paign. This activity is intended to build including publication of Percik Junior 2007 that will consist of development of
the stakeholders understanding, care magazine, preparation of Approprite communication network with WSS sec-
and involvement to performance im- Technology Module for Community tor journalist community, organization
provement of WSS development related Based Water Supply Provision, Prepa- of Media Gathering, Lunch Media, in-
efforts. For this purpose WSS Working ration of Module for Health Promotion viting various journalist communities
Group launch a series of campaign for Schoolchildren Hygiene and Sani- and WSS stakeholders and also con-
though Environmental Exhibition at the tation, Facilitator Training for Commu- ducting press tour.
Jakarta Convention Centre, Talk Show nity Based Sanitation, Resource Centre, In 2007 the WSS Working Group
at TPI Station, FM Radio 68 MHz, Publication of a book on "Water Supply will develop cooperation with other
Website www.ampl.or.id, and other pu- and Sanitation Development in In- donor institutions so that the activities
blication media such as poster, leaflet, donesia: Lessons Learned from Succes- will be more varied. The activities con-
and e-newsletter. ses and Failures," Regional Level MDGs sist of water supply and environmental
Through various contraints WSS Implementation Communication Media sanitation related multistakeholder net-
Working Group, national as well as and Water Quality Monitoring. work development, which represents
regional, considers it necessary to im- cooperation between WSS Working
prove its capacity through various trai- Plan for 2007 Group with Water Supply and Sanita-
ning, technical as well as managerial, in In broad line the plan for 2007 con- tion Network (JAS). Then water supply
order to be able to face the challenges. sists of Coordination in the Implemen- and sanitation baseline data manage-
Several training activities were held in tation of National Policy for Community ment which is the cooperation of WSS
order to meet the demand for such an Based WSS Development, which is Working Group with Unicef. (RSD)
8 Percik December 2006

11. I N T E RV I E W
Mohammad Hilmi, Assistant to Deputy for Domestic and Small Business Waste
Pollution Control, Ministry of Environment
There must be a change in paradigm
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
practice. The awareness towards this is
Waste problem has not been fully resolved. already growing. Next year we will la-
Since our independence, this problem hasn't been unch pilot projects in several cities who-
given sufficient attention. Whereas waste mana- se mayors are interested in 3R applicati-
gement performance is closely related to environ- on. Each city will exercise more than
mental quality. one method. Take for instance Ban-
Perfuntory waste management can lead to dis-
dung, it practices collect, transport and
aster. The Bandung case and Leuwigajah is the
dump only. Once the TPA is in trouble,
most notorious example for careless waste mana-
gement in Indonesia. How the government sees the whole community gets angry. That's
the waste management Percik held an interview why there must be composting. If only
with the Assistant to Deputy for Domestic and Small Industry Waste 20-30 percent of the whole turns into
Pollution Control, Ministry of Environment (KLH), who since the end of compost, the result is excellent. The
December was transfered to a new position as the Assistant to the Deputy rest is converted to energy. The experi-
for Waste Pollution Cotrol from Manfacturing Industry. The following are ence in Indonesia seems to be too far
the excerpt of the interview: away from it. Too many influencing fac-
tors. The cheapest is composting, and at
W hat is the domestic waste
contribution to enviromen-
tal pollution?
quent impact is uncontrolled leachate
flow, unpleasnt smell, swarming flies
and the worst of all is toppling down of
the same time it reduces methane gas
emission. We are still campaigning for
it. And that is quite in conformance
Domestic waste is divided into two the hill that may cause death tolls. In with the Waste Management Law cur-
categories: wastewater and solid waste. short, it is not well managed. Whereas rently being deliberated in DPR.
In Indonesia both categories are not suf- introduction to good waste manage-
ficiently managed. The community still ment has been given long time ago. The The campaign you just men-
consider waste material as something to easiest method is controled landfill. But tioned, where is it directed? To
be thrown away, the treatment consists all the same, it is not practised either. the source or something else?
of collect, transport and dump. There is Specially with solid waste, we should It is aimed simultaneously to two di-
no further treatment. Very little, if any. learn from the disasters that we need rections. The Pemda that is currently
Most of the waste causes environmental change our way of thinking. Let's do practicing collect, transport, dump sho-
pollution. The regional government away with collect, transport and dump, uld learn that it is strongly inrecommen-
(Pemda) has only limited capacity to at least there must be separation from dable and they should apply other ap-
transport all the waste. BPS record its very origin, then followed by the next proaches instead. Say for instance 3R.
mentions that Pemda can only remove process. The green is processed into It is expected that the Pemda will issue
40 percent of all the waste to TPA. This compost. Metal/glass for recycling. All whatever regulation or ruling to change
means more than half goes any possible this time the materials are not so valu- the operation scheme in addition to col-
way. Statistic of 2001 records that more able because they look dirty. If it is cle- lect, transport, and dump. At any rate,
than 30 percent is burned. From envi- aned the value will increase. This it is the Pemda that is accountable to the
ronmental aspect this is an obvious so- process has been working in other coun- public. Therefore a change in mindset
urce of pollution. And the amount is tries. For instance in Mexico that by and paradigm is extremely important.
quite significant. The transported porti- 2008 three fourths of her urban com- The second aim is directed to the com-
on and is mostly dumped in an open munity will have to separate their was- munity as the source of waste. They are
area. Dumped from a truck then shovel- tes. As for us, we have no target yet. We stimulated to also participate. All this
led to position, that's all. The most fre- are pushing the Pemdas to put 3R into time there is the NIMBY (not in my
Percik December 2006 9

12. I N T E RV I E W
backyard) syndrome. The mind is set munity awareness. So the campaign is of ways such as the packaging techno-
that way. A luxury car belonging to the two-pronged: one directed to Pemda logy or being responsible for the packag-
educated passes by, suddenly throws and the other to the community. ing in circulation. They take the respo-
away a waste into the street. sibility to reuse or recycle the packaging.
What about the companies? Do That is stipulated in the Draft of Waste
What is the model of the cam- you not think they have their sha- Management Law. In practice of course
paign? re in producing waste? we cannot directly uphold in the form of
It can be done through social cam- Very good question. In the Draft of instruction. In ecolabeling for example,
paign. It is accomodated in the Draft of Waste Management Law there is a sti- there were only 5 products in the initial
Waste Management Law. In the imple- pulation called extended procedure res- design. Once the draft has passed this
mentation the campaign is done as part ponsibility (EPR). In other countries we can push harder because the require-
of a pilot project. For domestic scale we the corporations set targets and claim ment becomes mandatory.
will combine it with a corporation with that waste produced from their compa-
CSR program. This program has start- ny will decrease by 10 percent, for At this time the Waste Ma-
ed in Surabaya and Jakarta. It works example. This is the waste produced nagement Law hasn't taken effect.
nicely. A few hundreds of kelurahans from its business unit. But there is also What effort could be taken to
(village level) are doing this. Thus, cam- waste produced from its packaging. For endorse it?
paign in this case is not just preparing instance a company producing bottled Hopefully the voluntary approach
materials for information, but it is real water together with its packaging. through ecolabeling work continuously.
action. This is going to be pushed fur- Things like that are done voluntarily The second, through CSR we ask the in-
ther and we will take notes of the pluses such as ecolabeling on 4 June 2004. dustries to take a real action. Several in-
and minuses. The community should The essence is to have the corporations dustries have started with their pro-
not only be provided with information, compete with each other in producing gram. And also the Pemda. The Pemda
but also the garbage bins. The software environmentally friendly products. could persuade the community to re-
and hardware at the same time. The That is voluntary approach. Admittedly duce the use of plastic bags, for instan-
three apsects must be available at the this is a more time consuming process. ce. Several activites we can do while
same time. The role of motivator and Secondly, imposing a requirement that waiting for the Law. We push the
cadre is very important because in the a corporation manufacturing Product X Pemda to take action from the very
last two years it has been proven that in packaging it must be environmentally beginning. Once again, it is not easy to
they could significantly increase com- friendly. This can be done in a number change community's mindset, habit, life
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO style. I think in the Adipura program
there is the evaluation for reducing
waste.
Speaking of changing the com-
munity's mindset, it is a process
that takes time. While waste
growth acceleration goes beyond
awareness development. How can
garbage handling be accelerated?
From the experience gathered with-
in the last 6 months, the regional heads
have responded favourably. Some even
have taken the real action. What is nec-
essary is to provide them with technical
assistance. There are already 91 mayors
making contact with us. From that po-
int we are quite optimistic. Through
Pemda's positive movement, we hope
the regional policy is beginning to get
10 Percik December 2006

13. I N T E RV I E W
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
tinted with corrective measures at There is the upper respiratory
their own initiatives. The com- tract, diarrhoea, cholera, and oth-
munity through NGOs and schools ers all are related to waste water
also resposd favourably. Maneu- pollution. We have had an exten-
vers are taking place in campuses sive campaign on this matter in
and schools. Some call it Clean order to draw the Pemdas atten-
Development Mechanism (CDM). tion. It is now that Adipura is
Many NGOs successfully provide beginning to take a look at solid
assistance to Pemda in managing waste. Wastewater and waste from
waste. This at the same time is the small industries are still over-
spelling out of Kyoto Protocol i.e looked. I am earnestly enhancing
reducing greenhouse effect by environmentally sustainable city.
managing waste properly. If the It is a long way to go. Let's look
Bupati/mayor is in short of money, forward. In the beginning it is
financial assistance can be obtained It is something around 300 - 500 mil- solid waste. Time will come when we
from CDM mechanism. I think in less lion in rupiah. This represents an actu- speak of wastewater and air pollution.
than 5 years the community awareness al touch for the regions to change their Finally wastes from small industries.
will be widely spread within the com- paradigm.
munity. Speaking of waste from small
Let's shift to liquid waste. It industries, how dangerous is it?
What development program looks as if there were no manage- Waste produced by small industries
aimed at Pemda regarding TPA ma- ment pattern, doesn't it? activities, not all of it is dangerous. The
nagement? Actually wastewater problem is current- most dangerous ones are from leather
We suggested regional TPA, in addition ly being dealt with by our colleagues in Cipta industry, electroplating. In general
to the right sanitary landfill practice. This is Karya. But we must admit that in terms of small industries are wasteful in water, in
more efficient so that in the future the num- priority and how Pemdas or legislative body energy. This is the most important. If
ber of TPA is getting less but the manage- at the central as well as regional see it is they can save up to 20 percent the
ment improves. Take Bandung for instance, another problem. At the moment our col- national impact will be quite significant.
it will involve the city of Bandung, leagues from Bappenas and from Public Secondly, wastewater and solid waste
Kabupaten Bandung and the city of Cimahi. Works each have it in their own concept, we are thrown away. Whereas actually they
The same is for Yogyakarta. have none yet. We are focusing more on set- can be reused and recycled to produce
ting up the standards. The operational is something of economic value. The total
What could be done to enhance with Public Works while the general idea is impact, frankly speaking, we are unable
TPA management from open with Basppenas. The three of us are coo- to inform you, because there is no study
dumping to sanitary landfill? perating nicely. In general wastewater ma- conducted along that line.
We've introduced them with CDM nagement is still very little, the more so in
mechanism. If the Pemda has financial dif- Jakarta. Some regions are already good, for What is the fate of Waste
ficulties, there is the compensation. We example Solo. Simulataneously with solid Management draft bill?
can help them. Also in Waste Management waste, we enhance wastewater management From the technical aspect, we are
Law there is a stipulation about what but at a lower intensity. I think it is not already through. The draft is now with the
resposibility each level has to assume, entirely true to say that nothing has been DPR (People's Representatives). An en-
national, provincial, and kabupaten/kota. done, because we already have a legal frame- dorsement letter from the State Secretary
And there is the Special Allocation Fund work to protect environment from pollution. has also been sent to DPR. Let's pray and
(DAK) which used to be for environment, together enhance the DPR to take a good
now it is for waste management. How dangerous is it the liquid look to the draft. At the same time we are
waste pollution? also conducting maneuvers towards that
How much is it in terms of There is a study that summarizes the end. In no way that we neglect our role in
money? real the burden carried on the commu- enhancing, and the values contained in the
The amount is reatively small. But nity's shoulder is quite significant. Per draft bill have been brought to implemen-
to the regions it could mean a great deal. year it is more than Rp 40 trillion. tation. mujiyanto
Percik December 2006 11

14. STUDY
Study on Public Financing for Water Supply
and Sanitation Development in Indonesia
T
his public financing study con- ces have relatively higher income per ca- (see Chart 1).
ducted in post decentralization pita, it seems they do not feel responsi- Approximately 50 percent of provin-
(2003-2005) WSS sector opera- ble in the provision of WSS service. The cial and kabupaten WSS budget is
tion and investment is intended to get a munipalities that participate in WAS- intended for water supply, while for
better and clearer picture of the deve- POLA provide the highest per capita kota water supply is given less in pro-
lopment of funding strategy for this sec- investment, while the province invest portion, the bigger share goes to
tor. This study analyses fund allocation the least amount compared to kabupat- drainange development. Budget for
by Dept. Health and Dept. Public Works en and kota. solid waste gets a small proportion in all
at the national level, and to seven pro- Most regional WSS allocation is levels of the government, the highest
vinces, two kotas (municipalities), and intended for physical construction. A being 5 percent of the total municipal
19 kabupatens that participated in the small amount is for technical assistance, budget. Sanitation gets one fifth of the
Water Supply and Sanitation Policy For- socialization, and capacity improvement total budget for water supply, but the
mulation and Action Planning (WAS- Table 1
POLA) Project. Average WSS Budget Allocation and Average Regional Revenue within WASPOLA Project Sites
This study focuses only on budget
Average WSS Budget Average Regional Revenue
allocation, and not on expenditure be-
cause there are not enough data to do
In Million Rp Rp per capita In Million Rp Rp per capita
so. The composition of sector allocation
is analysed through verification of budg-
Kabupaten 1.689 6.162 748.804 475.790
et items with the support documents in
order to determine the validity of activi-
Province 3.071 661 2,669.782 1.619.314
ty/expenditure. The allocations are
then classified based on sub-sector acti- Kota (Municipality) 4.611 30.251 469.379 3.825.743
vity/expenditure: i) Physical; ii) Techni-
cal Assistance; iii) Project Support and
Maintenance; and iv) Socialization of
policy or capacity improvement and Chart 1
correlation of budget allocation within Regional Budget
and at the different levels of the govern-
8% 0% Allocation for WSS
ment and types of activity.
2%
1. Budget Trend for WSS Service Capital
Capital
Provision 2003-2005
1.1 Regional Investment for WSS Technical Assistance
Technical Assistance
On average the regional investment
for WSS in Indonesia (water supply,
Project Support and
Maintenance and
sanitation, solid waste, and drainage
Project Support
Maintenance
system) in WASPOLA project sites is
highest in the urban sector and lowest at Socialization and
Socialization and
the provincial level, all in terms of the Capacity Improvement
Capacity Building
amount of fund. In spite of the provin- 90%
12 Percik December 2006

15. STUDY
Table 2.
proportion varies n each level of the Sub-Sector Allocation in WASPOLA Location for Year 2003-2004 (in rupiah)
government.
In the meantime, the correlation of Ministry of Public Local Local as
gross regional domestic product with Works Government Percentage of Total
WSS budget allocation indicates a weak
correlation (0,14). Almost no correla- Water Provision 49.292.425.000 91.008.643.356 65 persen
tion (0,05) between WSS and gross Sanitation 925.000.000 20.697.563.605 96 persen
regional domestic product. Solid Waste 4.379.282.000 3.660.089.006 46 persen
Water Channel 1.861.903.000 73.102.575.664 98 persen
1.2 National Investment Total 56.458.610.000 188.468.871.631 77 persen
1.2.1 WSS Allocation by Dept.
Public Works
The budget allocation by Dept Public far smaller than that of Dept. Public Conclusion and Recommendation
Works for the regional governments, at Works. During the last three years 1. Investment is at the moment be-
national level as well as for WASPOLA Dept. Health budget allocation for water low the level required for the govern-
project sites, is mainly for water supply. supply and sanitation is less than 1 per- ment to reach the target. On average,
At the national level, sanitation is only cent from the total allocated by Dept. the regional allocation for WSS devlop-
provided with approximately 15 percent Public Works, and Dept. Health is con- ment is less than 1 percent of the total
of the total Dept. Public Works alloca- tinuously decreasing during the period regional revenue and the annual alloca-
tion for water supply and for WASPOLA of the study. On the other hand, Dept. tion for this sector is approximately
sites combined. Two thirds of Dept Health allocation for sanitation exceeds US$0.40 or approximately US$0.03 of
Public Works allocation is for physical that of Dept. Public Works. However per capita GNP.
construction and almost all of the rest is the larger portion of Dept. Health con- 2. The allocation composition and
for technical assistance, consisting of tribution for water supply and sanita- trend indicates an increase by the regio-
sector development for optimum per- tion is provided by Water Supply for nal government, but there is potential
formance, detailed technical design, and Low Income Communities (WSLIC) for central government allocation. The
construction related feasibility study. Project. In general the Dept. Health shift of investmen sector from central to
This study also examines the corre- allocation related to WSLIC "dimi- regional government has been visible
lation between allocation by Dept. of nishes" their other allocations, because within the study area, in which the
Public Works with allocation by the re- the size of WSLIC related allocation is regional governments provide 46 to 90
gional government. The relationship is 95 percent of the total Dept. Health sup- percent of the total subsector activities.
found positive though insignificant port to WSS sector. This indicates the Pemdas' willingness
(0,21). Compared to national allocation to invest in WSS development. Howe-
for WASPOLA sites, most of the fund for 1.3 Central and Regional Go- ver, this study also reveals insignificant
this sector, with exception for solid vernment Support to PDAM correlation between regional revenue
waste, has been provided by the the Of all the Pemdas that participate in and gross regional domestic product
regional government. The combination WASPOLA only the province of N. with WSS budget allocation.
of the two observations indicates that Sumatra and kabupaten Gorontalo that 3. The Pemdas are playing an incre-
there is an opportunity for national level allocate fund for supporting and super- asingly important role in sector finan-
institutions to take more benefit from vising PDAM. On the other hand, cen- cing, but they have a limited fund and
using fund provided by the regional go- tral government support through Dept. capacity. Although the pemdas may
vernment. Public Works reaches on average 30 assume a bigger responsibiliy in the sec-
percent during the last three years. tor, there are only very few resources in-
1.2.2 WSS Allocation by Dept. Most of the support is in technical assis- vested for WSS development and the
Health tance for optimum performance and in sector funding will continue to be
Dept. Health provides the second design preparation. restricted in favour of various other in-
biggest allocation for water supply, but terests.
Percik December 2006 13

16. STUDY
4. The capacity of sector related who give strong indication of their pre-
institutions to develop realistic invest- paredness and responsibility.
ment plans can be improved by various
It is deemed
simple methods. Based on this study, as necessary to have a Steps in Financial Strategy
well as from regional governments' clear division of The steps discussed below are de-
feedback it becomes apparent that the responsibility in the signed to get the financial strategy pro-
basic parameter for financial planning various levels of the cess into motion. The key activity must
for the sector is not available, the pa- be discussed and agreed by GOI and the
government,
rameter is unknown to them. schedule and time frame be decided in
5. At the national level GOI must fi-
particularly between the discussion.
nalise the process for development stra- the province and
tegy through a wider scope agreement kabupaten/kota. Phase 1
(inter-department) on the basic service Consultation with Basppenas,
and priority reform package for the pur- Dept Finace, Dept Public Works and
pose of increasing the overall sector Dept Health on the findings of this
may potentially decrease local capacity
budget and to improve effectiveness. study.
in maintaining and supporting program
6. It is deemed necessary to have a Discussion on formulation of MoU
during implementation.
clear division of responsibility in the va- on minimum sector service and reform
9. It is necessary to allocate more
rious levels of the government, particu- package to be provided under Bappenas
national resources for institutional and
larly between the province and kabupa- coordination.
regional capacity building in sector
ten/kota. In spite of a relatively bigger Sharing the study findings with, and
planning and programming.
revenue yet in terms of budget allocati- collecting inputs from, the Pemdas
10. Regional expenditure for ma-
on the province is lagging behind. This (regional governments) on their opinion
intenance and 'software' must be incre-
pattern of funding reflects the confusion and type of support they expect from the
ased proportionally to guarantee securi-
in what role the province is actually national government; sharing good prac-
ty and effectiveness of the invested ca-
playing in WSS development. tices from the Pemdas in sector investment
pital.
7. The involved institutions must be and sector strategy development.
11. Various long term funding me-
given more responsibility to regularly Development of situation self as-
chanisms must be made available to
submit, accumulate and analyse sector sessment and strategy direction notes
Pemdas and regional public companies
financing and performance report and a and processes for Pemdas to be used as
need for resources to SOURCE: MUJIYANTO input for national WSS
support this activity program development.
including random audit. Development of sec-
8. Provision of na- tor investment plan with
tional fund for WSS financing unit of each pol-
development at this time icy package.
involves a short term
(yearly) implementation Phase 2
period and there is no Simultaneously
assurance if it is avail- with the above matters,
able year after year. Mo- implementation of pha-
reover, except for Spe- se 2 to start with sector
cial Fund Allocation financing review thro-
(DAK) and grant fund, ugh regional public
in Pemdas' opinion as companies and level of
off budget deconcentra- tariff charged to cum-
tion fund. These factors sumers. MJ
14 Percik December 2006

17. R E P O RTA G E
ProAir Project at Praibakul - Taramanu NTT
Guarding Sustainability Through
Upholding Strict Regulation
SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
A
t last the forty year long dream
turns into reality. The commu-
nity of the villages of Praibakul
and Taramanu of the Kecamatan
Wanokaka, W. Sumba, NTT can now
smile with satisfaction. The hardship
they have undergone all this time,
climbing up and down hill to take a pail
of water from a river or water spring, is
now repaid. The aura of happiness is
reflected in their faces.
"We are very happy," said Kaledi
Dimo of Taramanu. Before this he and
his family used to take water from the
river for their family need. With a pillar
and water taps right in front of his
house, the middle aged man plans to
build a bathroom and toilet.
The development of the gravitation-
al water supply system has not been an and to make them also consider how munity was willing to participate in the
easy thing. "It took time and patience," they can maintain the sustainability project. It took more than one year to
said Soleman Djowa Rega, the after the project is completed. The do that.
Chairman of Water Supply socialization was also intended to build By the end of 2004 the community
Management Team 'Bebong Maradang'. the sense of belongingness so that the began depositing their money after for-
You can imagine, it took 2,5 years for facility could last forever in their own mation of a management team chaired
community preparation. It was so diffi- hands. by Soleman Djowa Rega, an evangelist
cult to convince the community to par- Martalanda, village motivator who of the village of Praibakul. It was com-
ticipate through providing in cash and lives with the community, revealed that monly agreed that the community
in kind contribution. This is because the most difficult part of his job was in would pay the amount in installments
there were in the past certain villages convincing the community. "The most for one year an amount of Rp 70.000
were supplied with water supply facility difficult is to convince the community per household. Collection is conducted
without any community participation. that the 4 percent contribution will be by team accompanied by village officers
According to Petrus Kanaf, the commu- saved for O&M costs later on," said the did not work as expected. Once there
nity still maintains the old way of think- woman of Sumba origin. The reason is was almost a bloodshed simply because
ing that without any contribution the that the community has had never of misunderstanding when a man mem-
commnity can improve itself. before and no similar experience has ber of the community produced his
For almost 2,5 years the time was ever been met. "The community machete to threathen a deputy RT chief.
spent for socialization of ProAir project thought the saving was for the officers's For 11 months from 12 months
to make the community ready. The pur- pocket," said Soleman. Through planned the fund amounted to Rp 18,3
pose was to change the way of thinking patience and modesty finally the com- million from 264 families was collected.
Percik December 2006 15

18. R E P O RTA G E
In compliance with the requirement denied the service. "Any non member lity. They have formulated a regulation
from ProAir, namely development may caught taking water from the tap will be for guarding the sustainability of the
start as soon as the contribution has fined Rp 500 thousand," said Martinus. facility that was developed at a cost in
been fully paid, in early 2006 the devel- For this purpose the members living excess of Rp 1,6 billion. A socialization
opment started to take place, phase by near the tap are given the responsibility programme was launched in the com-
phase. Material procurement was con- to guard it. munity both to members and non mem-
ducted through tendering, while sup- For minor damage each household is bers of the group. The regulation in-
port materials and labour were provided to contribute Rp 6.000/month. Pay- volves imposition of fine. Whoever ta-
by the community. ment shall be made latest on the third kes a bath in the pillar shall be fined Rp
Unpaid labours were provided in vil- day of each month. Any delay will be 100 thousand. Whoever inflicts any da-
lage, hamlet and zone levels. "Everyone fined Rp 1.000. Monthly contribution mage to pipe shall be fined Rp 250 thou-
above 17 years old, man and woman, will start in January 2007. The month- sand and shall face tribunal according to
must work together. Except those who ly contribution will be used to pay for adat law. The individual who inflict da-
are going to school and are being minor damage and salary of the mana- mage to pipe shall additionally be sub-
employed elsewhere," said Martinus gement team. While the cash saving ac- ject to adat law, i.e by presenting a offer-
Gali (45) of Praibakul. They gather and count will be used for major breakdown. ing consisting of a pig, 8 baskets of
carry rocks, digging soil, constructing The fact that the water is flowing steadi- cooked rice, 5 kgs coffee, 10 kgs sugar,
reservoir and water source catchment ly many who used to refuse to participate betel leaves and betel nuts each one
structure. Soleman told his story, that are getting interested. "There are many sack. "In terms of money everything
for the sake of self reliance, ProAir pro- who wish to join," said Martinus. But the will cost Rp 10 million," said Martinus.
hibited rock transport beinng done requirements are heavier. The manage- This of course is an extremely big amo-
using motor vehicle. "Finally we carried ment has made it a requirement that for a unt of money for villagers who are small
all the rocks," he said. Aboive all, new member the initial contribution is Rp farmers during the rainy season and col-
because such highspiritedness, the 250 thousand and maintenance contribu- lecting rocks during the dry season.
number of workers were more than the tion Rp 70 thousand and monthly contribu- The community hopes that through the
requested. "If the project asked for 10 tion Rp 6.000 a month. According to Edi, strict regulation the constructed facility can
labourers, 40 people came to volun- there are 16 families are already requesting be used effectively continuously. They do
teer," said Edy Bili, the secretary of for membership. not want to see the facility break down in
Bebong Maradang, added the state- the same way as the previous facilities built
ment. Guarding sustainability in the past. "The community has under-
Through hard work, the community It seems that the community prepa- stood that the facility must be maintained
was able to complete the laying of 11,5 ration process has been successful. because it belongs to them and for their
km. long main conveyance pipe. The They feel they have a water supply faci- own good," said Edi. mujiyanto
water is supplied to 1 m high water tap SOURCE: MUJIYANTO
pillars. There are 28 pillars distributed
in 5 zones. Each pillar holds 2 water
taps. The community also protect the
Way Bakul water spring with barbed
wire fence and plant trees around it.
The official dedication of this water sup-
ply facility was made by Vice Bupati of
W. Sumba, Cofrnelis Kodimeta, on 25
November.
Water has been flowing since last
November. The community has made
use of it, not only for drinking and MCK
but also for watering garden plants.
Even the livestock can drink from the
service. In the meantime, the villagers
who used to refuse to participate are
16 Percik December 2006