1.
Ryuji Wakikawa, Rama Vuyyuru
Toyota Info-Technology Center USA, Mt.view CA
Lucas Wang, Lixia Zhang, Giovanni Pau
University of California, Los Angeles CA
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2.
Internet
V2I: Vehicle to Internet
V2R: Vehicle to Road-Side Unit
V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle
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3.
Internet
V2I: Vehicle to Internet
V2R: Vehicle to Road-Side Unit
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle to Road Side Unit(V2R)
V2V: Vehicle to Vehicle
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4.
(IEEE 1609.2)
DSRC Security Message Formats
Min. Performance Req. Non-safety Applications
(SAE J2735, J2945-1)
DSRC WSMP TCP/UDP
with safety sub-layer
(IEEE 1609.3)
IPv6
DSRC Channel switching (IEEE 1609.4)
DSRC PHY+MAC (IEEE 802.11p)
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5.
Application Infotainment
Safety applications Mobility Applications
Type applications
Adaptive Traffic
Application Collision Probing Traffic Social Entertainm
Cruise Signal
description avoidance Information System Information Networking ent
Control
Major Fast connection
Always on/Scalability Broadband
Requirement High Reliability
Technical Connectivity,
Challenges
Interference, Scalability, Spectrum Bandwidth, Cost
Spectrum
IP-based Architecture Non-Safety
Information
Multimedia
Navigation
Problem of IP-based V2V/V2R
System
Safety
- Routing overhead (ad-hoc)
- Destination Identification
Internet Protocol (IP)
V2I V2V, - Service Discovery
Ethernet/PLC V2R
802.11p
- Lack of Security (Data/Control)
3G/LTE/WiFi
802.15.4/BT/NFC/RFID (DSRC,
WAVE)
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6.
Traffic Information: Trip Time, Gas/Charging Station Info.: Pricing,
Congestion, Route, Accidental Info, etc. Availability, etc.
Parking/Restaurant/Shops Ad. info.
P $20 P $10
Traffic
Useful data can be exchanged
locally among vehicles.
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7.
Recent Friday afternoon road conditions in Los Angeles area
Source California, Dept. of Transportation
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8.
Not working
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9.
sensor publisher Consumer
Road sensors FM
Radio
VICS IR beacon
(in JP) Vics center
sensor publisher Consumer
Phone/ • VICS Internet - SmartPhones
3G/LTE (Google Map)
Navigation • Cab Google HD radio - Portable Navigation
• Road sensors Device (PND)
Sensor/publisher Consumer
Wifi NDN Wifi
NDN DSRC DSRC
LTE/3G LTE/3G
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10.
! Why NDN?
! Vehicles know the data they need
! Data consumers do not know which vehcile may have the
data
! Differences of vehicular NDN from original design
! No Routing: “No unicasting but broadcasting”
! Vehicular NDN does not use FIB
! Vehicular NDN requires different PIT management schemes, e.g.
broadcasting interests several times before its expiration.
! High Data Propagation:
! Vehiclesmay cache data even if there is no pending interest, and
serve as data mule for other cars.
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11.
We assume each vehicle embeds a NDN module
– Each vehicle can generate various data, either periodically or in an event-driven
fashion
– Each car has sufficient memory space and transmission power
/.()#0+*1# 23(&145%+.67(89.1#
"&*:.&#
!"!#$%&'(&)*+,#-+,*+.#
FIB Forwarding Information Base
DSRC/WAVE/802.11p
Network PIT Pending Interests Table
Databases
Interfaces
Contents Cache (data from
WiFi Contents built-in sensors, built-in cameras,
safety system)
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12.
The data publisher stores The data mule caches
data from sensors, camera any data it can collect.
or safety systems.
data
Data Data
Traffic data Mule
Publisher data
message
via DSRC RSU
! data
data data
Road work data
New processed data
Consumer data 1
+ Data 2 + Data 3
Consumer
The data consumer sends
interest and receives data.
Head Unit displays the
processed information.
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13.
! Design goals for data naming
! Should allow data publishers to describe what they have.
! Should allow data consumers to describe what they need
! Requirements
! Geographical scoping
! Define location based scope for generated content
! Temporal scoping
! Define validity time for the content generated
! Duplication detection and elimination
! Detect duplicate content and eliminate redundancy
! Data accuracy
! Naming should support estimating accuracy of published content
! Other requirements specific to application
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14.
! First proposal for naming structure
! /traffic/geolocation/timestamp/data type/nonce
! “traffic” serves as application id to make naming application
specific
! “geolocation” specifies where the event happens
! “timestamp” shows when the event happens
! “data type” indicates the meaning of data,
! e.g. closed lane, vehicle speed etc.
! “nonce” is used to uniquely identify each interest
! Example
! /traffic/Highway 101/north/{400,410}/
{1323201600,1323205200}/speed/19375887
! {400, 410} is the section number range showing where the event
is generated
! {1323201600,1323205200} is the temporal range showing data is
generated between 12:00 and 13:00 on December 6th, 2011
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15.
! Our activity for NDN-based V2V/V2R
! Investigation of NDN requirements from various use-cases
! Optimization of NDN specification for automotive
! Investigation of naming design for various applications
! Evaluation of vehicular NDN by simulation
! Publications
! DMND: Collecting Data from Mobiles Using Named Data Jiangzhe
Wang, Ryuji Wakikawa, Lixia Zhang. IEEE VNC 2010
! Data Naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Lucas Wang,
Ryuji Wakikawa, Romain Kuntz, Rama Vuyyuru, Lixia Zhang, IEEE
NOMEM 2012
! Rapid Traffic Information Dissemination Using Named Data Lucas
Wang, Alexander Afanasyev, Romain Kuntz, Rama Vuyyuru, Ryuji
Wakikawa, Lixia Zhang ACM NOM 2012
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16.
Homepage!
http://www.us.toyota-itc.com!
Headquarters!
465 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043!
New York O"ce!
156 West 56th Street, Suite 1001, New York, NY 10019!
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