Globalization and cross-national trade of food products have increased the number of foodborne illness in many countries. Outbreaks of botulism, salmonellosis and listeriosis are considered to be the largest food poisoning outbreaks which cause millions of illnesses, thousands of hospitalizations, and many deaths every year.

1. Traceability in the Food Chain
ISO 22005:2007
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2. Traceability in the Food Chain - ISO 22005:2007
Globalization and cross-national trade of food products have increased the number of foodborne illness in
many countries. Outbreaks of botulism, salmonellosis and listeriosis are considered to be the largest food
poisoning outbreaks which cause millions of illnesses, thousands of hospitalizations, and many deaths
every year. These food safety and public health concerns push companies to adopt preventive measures for
product identification and traceability. Traceability, also known as product tracing, is the ability to track and
follow the movement of products throughout the food chain. Food chain is the term that comprises all stages
and operations involved in the production, processing, distribution, storage and handling of a food and its
ingredients, from primary production to consumption.
Food producers, manufacturers, and retailers address the management of food safety and quality through
implementation of food safety and quality management systems based on international standards such as
ISO 9001 and ISO 22000. Effective implementation and operation of these management systems requires the
organizations to establish and maintain a traceability system. This system enables the identification of product
lots and their relation to batches of raw materials, processing and delivery records. Thus, traceability is of
greater importance to food industry considering that food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food
chain. So in case of a food incident occurrence, the traceability system will facilitate the process of product
recall or withdrawal of defective or potentially unsafe products from the marketplace.
Nowadays, traceability has become a regulatory requirement to protect human health and consumers
interests in relation to food. National and international standards have made it even easier. Besides many
other guidance standards and technical specifications of ISO 22000 family, the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) published ISO 22005:2007, an international standard that gives the principles and
specifies basic requirements for the design and implementation of a traceability system, in agro-food industry
(including feeds).
ISO 22005: 2007 requires organizations within the food chain to include the following aspects in the design
of a traceability system:
1. Identify the objectives of traceability system;
2. Identify the relevant regulatory and policy requirements (local, regional, national or international
regulations) to be met by the traceability system;
3. Identify the relevant products and/or ingredients for which the objectives of its traceability system
apply;
4. Determine the position of the organization within the supply/food chain through at least
identifying its suppliers and customers;
5. Determine and document the material flow in a way it meets the objectives of the traceability
system;
6. Define the information requirements:
− to be obtained from its suppliers,
− to be collected concerning the product and process history, and
− to be provided to its customers and/or suppliers.
7. Establish procedures to assist the management of traceability information, including:
− product definition;
− lot definition and identification;
− documentation of flow of materials, and information including media for record keeping;
− data management and recording protocols;
− information retrieval protocols.
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3. 8. Determine documentation required to achieve the objectives of the traceability system.
9. Coordination in the food chain is essential and each organization should identify its immediate prior
sources and immediate subsequent recipients.
It is important to be aware that the traceability system is simply a mean for attaining defined objectives in
food safety. And it is important not to hold high expectation, such as making traceability system itself as
a food safety objective. ISO 22005:2007 makes it very clear that this system is only a technical tool that
assists organizations achieve defined objectives in the Food Safety Management System; and on its own it
is insufficient to achieve food safety. The international standard that contains the overall guidelines for food
safety management systems is ISO 22000.
The ability to trace the history, application and location of products up and down the supply chain is of high
importance especially in the food chain. Establishment and application of a traceability system have become
a mandatory requirement for food businesses, as it is a part of an overall food safety management system.
Organizations involved in the food chain willing to comply with and get certified to the international standard
for food safety management systems, ISO 22000, should have their product traceability system in place. ISO
22005 is another standard of ISO 22000 series which gives the principles and basic requirements for the
design and implementation of a food traceability system.
PECB (Professional Evaluation and Certification Board) is a personnel certification body for a wide range of
professional standards. It offers ISO 22000 training and certification services for professionals who want to gain
a comprehensive knowledge of the main processes of an FSMS, project managers or consultants wanting to
prepare and support an organization in the implementation of an FSMS, auditors wanting to perform and lead
FSMS certification audits, and staff involved in the implementation of the ISO 22000 standard.
ISO 22000 and Food Safety Trainings offered by PECB:
• Certified ISO 22000 Lead Implementer (5 days)
• Certified ISO 22000 Lead Auditor (5 days)
• Certified ISO 22000 Foundation (2 days)
• ISO 22000 Introduction (1 day)
ISO 22000 Lead Auditor, ISO 22000 Lead Implementer and ISO 22000 Master are three certification schemes
accredited by ANSI ISO/IEC 17024.
Narta Voca is the Heath, Safety and Environment (HSE) Product Manager at PECB. She is in charge of
developing and maintaining training courses related to HSE. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate
to contact her at hse@pecb.org.
For further information please visit www.pecb.org/en/training
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