The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It connects past events or actions to the present. The present perfect uses helping verbs like "have" or "has" plus the past participle form of the main verb. It is used for actions that began in the past and continue in the present, actions that happened at an unspecified time before now, or recently completed actions that influence the present. Examples are provided to illustrate the formation and use of the present perfect tense compared to the past simple tense. Common mistakes in present perfect tense are also identified and corrected.

1. Present Perfect
Tense
The Present Perfect tense
connects the past

2. Present Perfect
•Connects present + past
•Action in the past result in the present ( i.e something that happened before
has now an effect or a result on something now )
( it’s is just about the present or the past, it links and connects the present
and the past )
Example
•I lost my book. ( Past Simple )
•I have lost my book. ( Present Perfect)
(May be ‘I lost my book ‘on Monday and, but then I found it on Tuesday. It is true
in the past but ,if you say ‘I have lost the book ‘ means, I have lost the book sometime
in the past, is still true now, and my book is still lost,
It doesn’t matter when the book is lost, what matters here in this example is that I don’t
have the book now.

3. We use Present Perfect tense in different situation
Past True
I have seen that movie.
He has found my keys.
Past Finished
I have finished my homework.
She has cooked dinner.
Past Unfinished
I have worked here for five years.
They have lived here since 2002
(Recent) Past Result
We have just eaten lunch.
I have just sent the email.

4. To construct a sentence in present perfect, we have the subject, we take the
helping verb ‘have’ or ‘has’ and then we take a regular verb or irregular verb.
The verb used is third form of verb or past participle.
i.e verbs ending with –ed,-en, -d, -t
Subject + has/have + past participle + object
Example of verbs in 3 different forms.
V1 v2 v3
Write wrote written
drive drove driven
teach taught taught
see saw seen
drink drank drunk
buy bought bought

5. I
We have worked
They
You
He
She has done
It

6. How to form a Present Perfect
Regular verbs
+ has/have + past participle ( verb + ed, -en, -t)
I have worked there. Words ending in a -y
Preceded by a consonant ( spy, study etc)
You have listened carefully.
He has cleared the table. ‘Y’ becomes ‘I’
She has placed it on the floor. He has spied on his neighbour.
It has snowed. We have studied hard.
Irregular Verbs
Build, buy
Example:
I have built that shed with my own two hands.
She has bought some flowers at the market.
We have run the marathon.

7. Present Perfect tense in
questions
Regular verbs.
Has she talked to him yet?
Have you kicked the ball?
Have they ever worked on a farm?
Irregular verbs
Has she quit her job yet?
Have you ever driven a car?
Have you ever gone ice skating?

8. Negative Sentences in the Present Perfect Tense
I haven’t eaten at that restaurant in a long time.
Jim hasn’t worked on Fridays since he joined the company.
My friends haven’t ever gone to France.
I have not forgiven you!

9. PAST SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT
(TALKS ABOUT PAST) (CONNECTS PAST + PRESENT
I worked. I have worked.
They forgot. They have forgotten.
He lost his bag He has lost his bag.
ACTION + FOCUS - PAST ACTION- PAST FOCUS –NOW
She did her homework. She has done her homework.
She ate dinner. She has eaten dinner.
DEFINITE TIME INDEFINITE TIME(cannot use)
I visited New York in 2012 I have visited New York.
FINISHED TIME UNFINISHED TIME( You don’t mention
time, if you do so expression used should
show unfinished time
She lived in London from 2015-18 She lived in London since 2015/for 3 years.
He didn’t call me yesterday. He hasn’t called me yet.
We completed the project last
week.
We have already completed the project.
We met Joe last week. I have met Joe recently.
Difference between

10. COMMON MISTAKES – INDENTIFY AND REWRITE THE CORRECT LY
1. I have visited my sister yesterday.
2. Did you see the doctor last week?
3. Have you heard the news?
4. When have you sent the email?
5. I have applied for a job last year?
6. Our sales increased last year.
7. Have you watched the game last night.
8. They have lived here for two years.
9. Did you train the team?
10.Have you trained the team.

11. CORRECT SENTENCES
1. I visited my sister yesterday.
2. Did you see the doctor last week?
3. Have you heard the news?
4. When did you send the email?
5. I applied for a job last year?
6. Our sales increased last year.
7. Did you watch the game last night.
8. They have lived here for two years.
9. Did you train the team?
10.Have you trained the team.