DEFINITION OF PHYLLOSPHERE PARTS OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISM OF PHYLLOSPHERE PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF STEM (CAULOSPHERE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF LEAVES(PHYLLOPLANE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FLOWER (ANTHOSPHERE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FRUIT(CARPOSPHERE) FACTORS INFLUENCING MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ACTIVITIES POSITIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS

1. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS
PRESENTED BY PRANZLY

2. CONTENT
• DEFINITION OF PHYLLOSPHERE
• PARTS OF PHYLLOSPHERE
• MICROORGANISM OF PHYLLOSPHERE
• PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF STEM (CAULOSPHERE)
• PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF LEAVES(PHYLLOPLANE)
• PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FLOWER (ANTHOSPHERE)
• PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FRUIT(CARPOSPHERE)
• FACTORS INFLUENCING MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ACTIVITIES
• POSITIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS
• NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS

3. The aerial part or areas of the plant that are above the
ground, such as the leaves, stems, and flowers, serve
as phyllosphere and serve as a habitat for various
microorganisms.
Microbes can colonize and develop their relationships
with plants, typically epiphytes, in the phyllosphere.
With huge surface areas and a variety of microbial
communities, leaves make up a significant microbial
habitat.
PHYLLOSPHERE
STEM
(CAULOSPHERE)
LEAVES
(PHYLLOPLANE)
FLOWERS
(ANTHOSPHERE)
FRUITS
(CARPOSPHERE)

4. MICROORGANISM OF PHYLLOSPHERE
• Many types of microbial communities, such as
bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, algae, and
protozoans, have essential habitats in the
phyllosphere.
• microorganisms exhibit commensalism or
mutualism (symbionts) or antagonism type of
relationship on their host plants
• four major species of bacteria such as
Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and
Actinobacteria

5. yeast genera such as
Cryptococcus,
Rhodotorula,
Sporobolomyces
Alternaria, Penicillium,
Cladosporium,
Acremonium, Mucor,
and Aspergillus are the
frequent filamentous
fungi colonizing as
epiphytes and
endophytes.
Bacteria found in the
phyllosphere include
Methylibium,
Hyphomicrobium,
Methylocella,
Proteobacteria,
Actinobacteria,
Bacteroidetes, Massilia,
Flavobacterium,
Pseudomonas, and
Rathayibacter

6. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF
STEM (CAULOSPHERE)
• The caulosphere is a wooden aerial plant part which
harbors a large groups of microorganisms.
• not ideal habitat for many microorganisms because
the surface of the stem is hydrophobic as a result of
the chitin and wax covering.
• They need adaptation techniques to withstand the
change in temperature and moisture content
Saccharomyces,
Candida,
Hanseniaspora and
Lachancea are the
common fungal
inhabitants.
Bacteria like
Pseudomonas,
Proteobacteria,
and
Flavobacterium.

7. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF
LEAVES (PHYLLOPLANE)
• The arrangement of leaf epidermal cells determines the leaf
physiology and the microenvironment, which allow the abundance and
distribution of microorganisms on the leaf surface.
• Epiphytes make biofilm-like growth, preferably in the form of larger
bacterial aggregates on the trichomes, veins, and epidermal cell
groves, along with the leaf exudates, creating a nutrient-rich region.
• Bacteria are the most abundant inhabitants of the phylloplane
• Fungal communities in the phyllosphere in temperate regions are
hypervariable, exhibit greater diversity in the phyllosphere of tropical
trees.
• The types of microorganisms inhabiting the phylloplane region also
depend on the type of plant species.

8. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF
FLOWERS (ANTHOSPHERE)
• Fungal population are more
diverse in flowers than
bacteria
• The floral components are
pollen, nectar, sepals, petals,
stamens, style, ovary, and
stigmas, act as short-span
microsites for the colonization
of microorganisms.
Pseudomonas and
Acinetobacter
(Proteobacteria),
Metschnikowia
(Ascomycota), and
Cryptococcus
(Basidiomycota)
Fungi identified as
pestalotiopsis
disseminate, phomopsis,
and coelomycete sp. are
also isolated from some
medicinal flowers of the
temperate region.

9. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF
FRUITS (CARPOSPHERE)
• Fruit skin inhabits diverse groups of microbes,
encompassing both bacteria and fungi.
• The entry of microorganisms inside the fruit is
comparatively less frequent due to the presence of a
tough, waterproof covering
• the type of microorganisms present on the fruit depends
on the chemical composition of the fruit.
• Lemons and Orange harbor a large number of Yeasts
while Grapes and Apples have a higher number of
Bacterial cells

10. FACTORS
INFLUENCING
MICROBIAL
GROWTH AND
ACTIVITIES
LIGHT
Bacteria and fungi
utilize sunlight to
produce different
chemical products that
promote their growth
and plant growth
TEMPERATURE
Temperature fluctuations are
observed with the changes in
day and night regimes in the
phyllosphere region
MICROBE-MICROBE
INTERACTIONS
could be cooperation,
parasitism, and competition.
PLANT SPECIES
nutrient content of
the fruits, flowers,
and stems affect
the growth and
activities of the
microbiome
present on the
plants.

11. POSITIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE
MICROORGANISMS
9. Increases the yields of the crop by removing contaminants, and producing novel
substances.
7. Influences the ecological relationship, adaptation,
growth, resistance, and infection of the plant host
4.
Enhance
nitrogen
fixation
5. Affects leaf functions and longevity, seed
mass, apical growth, flowering, and fruit
development.
1. Control
of plant
pathogens
2. Produce plant growth
factors like IAA and
cytokines that promote
nutrient uptake and crop
yield
3. Alters
plant
surface
properties
8. The
degradation of
organic
pollutants
6. Promote
the growth
of plants

12. NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE
MICROORGANISMS
1. Large number of microorganisms might increase
competition with plants for nutrients, water, and
space.
2. Microorganism in
phyllosphere might act as plant
pathogens, resulting in different
forms of plant diseases
3. Result in the loss of different
beneficial microorganisms in
phyllosphere region.