Emerging adulthood from ages 18-25 is a transition period between adolescence and adulthood. Physically, people reach their peak performance in their late teens to mid-20s, but also start experiencing physical decline in their late 20s. Cognitive development involves moving from black-and-white thinking to more reflective, relativistic thought. In terms of careers and relationships, emerging adults explore identity and possibilities through education, jobs, and relationships before settling into long-term roles.
3. Becoming an Adult
• Emerging Adulthood – The transition from
adolescence to to adulthood
• 18 to 25 years of age
• Key Features (that characterize emerging adulthood
by Jefferey Arnett)
• Identity exploration, especially in love and work
• Instability
• Self-focused
• Feeling in-between
• The age of possibilities
4. Markers of Becoming an Adult
• Job
• (after finishing school)
• Taking responsibility for
oneself
• Marriage (in some
developing countries
5. The Transition from Highschool to
College
• An important aspect of transition to adulthood
• Top-dog phenomenon
• Moving to a new environment
• Positive features would include feeling of grown
up
• Stress and Depression
8. Physical Performance &
Development
• Most of us reach our peak of physical performance before the
age of 30, often between 19-26.
• We also start do decline in Physical performance
• Muscle tone & Strength begin to shhow signs of decline at the
age of 30
• Common Complaint: lessening og Physical Activity
9. Health
• Emerging adults
(EA) have more
than twice the
mortality rate of
adolescents
• Though EAhave
higher death rate
than adolescents,
EA have fewer
chronic problems
• Bad health habits
engaged in during
adolescents,
increased in EA.
• Pattern Development in
eating
• Lifestyles asssociated
with poor health
12. Regular Exercise
• Helps Prevent diseases
• Aerobic Exercise: sustained exercise
• Also benefits mental health
• Effective in reducing depression
• Strategies
• Reduce TV Time
• Chart your progress
• Get rid of excuses
• Imagine the alternative
14. Alcohol
• Binge Drinking problems include: missing classes,
physical injuries, troubles with police and
unprotected sex.
• Pregaming – drinking alcohol before going out
• Drinking games – are also popular in college
students
• Binge Drinking peaks at about 20-22 years of age
and then declines through the remainder of the
twenties
• Alcoholism- disorder in an individual because of
excessive alcohol consumption
15. Alcohol
• Environmental factors play a role in alcoholism
• About one-third of aloholics recover with or
without treatment
• A positive outcome and recovery from
alcoholism are predicted by certain factors;
• Strong negative experience related to drinking
• Substitute dependency to compete with
alcohol
• Having new social supports
• Joining an inspirational group
16. Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine
• Most adult smokers would like to quit, but
their nicotine addiction makes quitting a
challenge.
• Nicotine - stimulant that increases the
smoker’s energy and alertness, a
pleasurable and reinforcing experience. It
also stimulates neurotransmitters tthat
have a calming or pain reducing effect.
18. Sexual Activity in Emerging Adulthood
• Emerging Adulthood (EA; ages 18-25) is a
time frame during which individuals are
both sexually active and unmarried.
• Patterns of heterosexual behavior;
• Males have more casual sex partners; females
are more selective
• Approximately 60% have had sex with one
individual in the past year
• EA have sex less frequently
• Casual sex is more common in EA than in young
adulthood.
19. Sexual Orientation and Behavior
• Heterosexual Attitudes and Behaviors – finding
from 19994 Sex in America Survey
• Men have more slightly more sexual experience
and more permissive attitudes than women for
most aspects of sexuality
• Men indicated that they engaged in more ;
• Masturbation
• Pornography use
• Casual sex
• Permissive attitudes about casual sex
20. Sources of Sexual Orientation
• Why are some individuals lesbian, gay, or bisexual and
others heterosexual?
• Today, it is more accepted to view Sexual Orientation
as a continuum from exclusive male-female relations
to exclusive same sex relations.
• Regardless of sexual orientation; people have similar
physicological responses during sexual arousal and
are aroused by the same type of stimulation.
• One’s sexual orientation is determined by a
combination of;
• Genetic | Hormonal | Cognitive | Environmental
Factors
21. Attitudes & Behaviors of Lesbians & Gays
• Many gender differences that appear in
heterosexual relationships occur in same-sex
relationships.
• For lesbians and gays; developing a bicultural
identity creates new ways of deining themselves
• Balancing the demands of two cultures, can
often lead to more effective coping for lesbians
and gays (Brown).
• 20% of sexual minority individuals experience
person or property crime related to their
orientation.
22. Sexually Transmitted Infections
• Diseases that are pimarily contracted through sex.
• The greatest impact on sexual behavior and public
awareness and fear was the discovery of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• HIV is a sexually transmitted infection that destroy’s the
body’s immune system.
• this can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) | Other diseases;
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
• Chlamydia
• Genital Herpes
• Genital Warts
23. Protecting against HIVs and STIs
1. Knowing your and your partner’s risk
status
2. Obtaining Medical Examinition
3. Having protected sex
4. Not having multiple sex partners
24. Forcible Sexual Behavior
• Rape – is a forcible sexual intercourse with a
person who does not give consent.
• Most victims of rape are women but rape of men
occure as well.
• It is a traumatic experience for the victims and
those close to them
• Date or acquintance rape coercive sexual
activity directed at someone with whom the
victim is at least casually acquinted.
• Red Zone
25. Sexual Harassment
• A manifestation of power of one person over the
other.
• Inappropriate sexual remarks
• Physical contact
• Blatant proposition
• Sexual assault
• Happens more to women
27. Cognitive Stages
• Piaget’s View
• An adolescent and an adult think qualitatively
in th same way.
• Young adults are mre quantitavely advancced
in their thinking because they are more
knowedgeable than adolescents.
• Some theorists
• Believe that individuals consolidate their
formal conditional thinking not until adulthood
• Realistic and Pragmatic Thinking
• As an individual moves into work. He’s ways of
thinking changes
28. • Reflective and Relativistic Thinking
• William Perry (1999) describe that in early
adulthood; changes in cognition take place.
• From absolutist & dualistic thinking and
individual becomes more reflective and
relativistic.
• Gisela Labouvie-Vief expanded this idea
• Complexity in Culture generated more
reflective & complex thinking
• There 3 key aspects of cognitive development
in Emerging Adults
29. Postformal Thought
• Understanding that the correct answer to a problem
requires reflective thinking and can vary from one
situation to another.
• Belief that the solutions to problems need to be realistic
and that emotion and subjective factors can influence
thinking.
Creativity
• Creativity peaks in adulthood, often in the the forties,
and then declines.
• However there is extensive individuals variation in
lifetime creative output.
• Csikszentmihalyi proposed that the first step ntoward
living a creative a creative life is to cultivate curiousity
and interest.
31. Developmental Changes
• Children – idealistic fantasies career
• Late teens – more serious career
• Early to mid-twenties - completed
education and started in their career.
• Remainder of early adulthood – moving up
the career ladder
• Career Mystique
32. Finding a Path to Purpose
• William Damon (2008)
• Purpose – the missing ingredient in adolescence
emerging adults’ achievement and career
development.
• Too many youth drift through school engaging in
behavior that risks their potential of fulfillment.
• Most teachers and parents communicate the
importance in goals, but rarely discuss where
goals might lead to.
• Have you reflected on your purpose?
33. The Impact of Work
• Work defines people in fundamental ways.
• it influences; financial, standing, housing,
spending of time, where they live,
friendship and health.
• Some define identity through work.
• Stress in work
• Sources of stress in work
34. • Work During College –
• Working can help offset some costs of schooling
• But working can restrict oppurtunities to learn
• Jobs can also contribuute to your education
• Internship, Part-time jobs, “On-the-job Training”
• Unemployment
• Stress
• It is related to; Physical & Mental problems, Marital
diffficulties, Homicide
• Self esteem
• Dual Earner Couples
• Problems with balance between work and the rest
of life
• Many jobs have been designed for single earners
• Gender equalities persist in work areas
35. Diversity in the Work
• There is great diversity now in
workplaces
• Ethnic diversity also is increasing