Ajax and Jquery

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Ajax and JQuery

In this session, you will learn to:
Identify AJAX Web application model
Work with AJAX
Work with jQuery
Implement selectors
Manipulate and traverse DOM
Implement jQuery UI widgets
Objectives

Introducing AJAX
How does the score
of a live cricket
match updates
automatically in a
Web page?

Introducing AJAX (Contd.)

How to overcome
these challenges?

AJAX:
Stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
Is a new technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive Web
applications with the help of XML, HTML, CSS, and Java Script.
Allows Web pages or parts of them to be updated asynchronously.
Is based on XMLHttpRequest object,
also known as XHR object.

AJAX:
Is the use of the XMLHttpRequest object to communicate with the server-side
scripts.
Can send as well as receive information in a variety of formats, such as JSON, XML,
HTML, and even text files.
Most appealing characteristic is its asynchronous nature, which means, it
communicate with the Web server without having to refresh the page.
This lets you update portions of a page based upon user events.
Two important features includes:
 Making requests to the server without reloading the page.
 Receiving and working with data from the server.
Benefits of Using AJAX

In the traditional Web applications:
The users had to wait for the response from the server.
Every request results in a new page loading.
Synchronous “request/response” communication model was followed.
Data, format, and styling are done on the server.
The following figure depicts the traditional Web application model.
Traditional Web Applications Model
Web Browser Web Server
User
Interface
HTTP
Response
HTTP
Request
HTML/CSS/JS Response
Databases
and
Backend
Processes

In the AJAX Web application models:
The result of an AJAX request may only update small parts of an existing HTML
page.
Data, format, and styling are done via JavaScript.
The following figure depicts the AJAX Web application model.
AJAX Web Application Model
Web Browser
Web Server
User
Interface
HTTP
Response
HTTP
Request
HTML/CSS/JS Response
Databases
and
Backend
Processes
AJAXEngine
JS Call
JS Call

The following figure differentiates between traditional and AJAX Web
application models.
AJAX Web Application Model (Contd.)
User
Frontend
Backend
Traditional Web Application Model AJAX Web Application Model

The following figure depicts the advantages and disadvantages of using AJAX
Web application model.
Advantages and Disadvantages of AJAX
Advantages Disadvantages
Better interactivity and
responsiveness.
Your page will be more pleasant
to use.
Reduced connections to the Web
server because of partial
rendering.
Because you only load the data
you need to update the page,
instead of refreshing the entire
page, you save bandwidth.
It helps in reducing the network
traffic.
The back and refresh buttons
become useless.
Bookmarking this page will
become useless.
Requires JavaScript to be enabled
on the Web browser.
Network latency may break
usability.
Data loaded through AJAX won't
be indexed by any of the major
search engines. Hence, making it
SEO unfriendly.

The following list depicts some real-life scenarios where AJAX can be helpful:
Autocomplete search text boxes
Cascading dropdown list box
Real-time communication, such as instant messaging
Real-time data updates, such as score updates
Immediate forms validation feedback
Auto save user information
Real-Life Scenarios for Using AJAX

The following figures depict some examples of using AJAX on your Web page:
Real-Life Examples of AJAX

The following list describes the Web browsers supported by AJAX:
Browser Support
Mozilla Firefox 1.0 and Above
Google Chrome
Apple Safari 1.2 and Above
Microsoft IE 5 and Above
Opera 7.6 and Above

The AJAX cannot work independently.
It is used in combination with other technologies to create interactive Web
pages that are described in the following list:
JavaScript:
 Loosely typed scripting language.
 JavaScript function is called when an event occurs in a page.
 Glue for the whole AJAX operation.
DOM:
 API for accessing and manipulating structured documents.
 Represents the structure of XML and HTML documents.
CSS:
 Allows for a clear separation of the presentation style from the content and may be
changed programmatically by JavaScript.
XMLHttpRequest:
 JavaScript object that performs asynchronous interaction with the server.
Components of AJAX

The XMLHttpRequest object:
Is the most important component of AJAX.
Has been available ever since Internet Explorer 5.5 was released in July 2000.
Is an API that can be used by JavaScript, JScript, VBScript, and other Web browser
scripting languages.
Is used to transfer and manipulate XML data to and from a Web server using HTTP.
Establishes an independent connection channel between a Web page's client-side
and server-side.
Besides XML, XMLHttpRequest can be used to fetch data in other formats, such
as JSON or even plain text.
Performs following operations:
 Sends data from the client in the background.
 Receives the data from the server.
 Updates the webpage without reloading it.
XMLHttpRequest Object

The following figure depicts the process cycle of AJAX Web application model:
XMLHttpRequest Object (Contd.)
A client event occurs,
such as a button click.
An XMLHttpRequest
object is created.
The XMLHttpRequest
object is configured.
The XMLHttpRequest
object makes an
asynchronous request to
the Web server.
The Web server returns
the result.
The XMLHttpRequest
object processes the
result.

The following table describes the common properties of the
XMLHttpRequest object.
Property Description
onReadyStateChange Is called whenever readyState attribute changes. It must not be
used with synchronous requests.
readyState Represents the state of the request. It ranges from 0 to 4, as
described in the following list:
• 0: UNOPENED, open() is not called.
• 1: OPENED, open is called but send() is not called.
• 2: HEADERS_RECEIVED, send() is called, and headers and status
are available.
• 3: LOADING, downloading data; responseText holds the data.
• 4: DONE, the operation is completed fully.
reponseText Returns response as text.
responseXML Returns response as XML.

The following table describes the essential methods of the XMLHttpRequest
object.
Method Description
void open(method, URL) Opens the request specifying get or post method and URL of
the requested Web page.
void open(method, URL,
async)
same as above but specifies asynchronous or not.
void open(method, URL,
async, username,
password)
same as above but specifies username and password.
void send() sends get request.
void send(string) send post request.
setRequestHeader(header
,value)
it adds request headers.

The following figure depicts the syntax of creating an XMLHttpRequest object
for modern Web browsers:
The following figure depicts the syntax of creating an XMLHttpRequest object
for old versions of Microsoft IE, that is, IE5 and IE6:
Variable = new XMLHttpRequest();
Variable = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");

To handle all modern Web browsers, including Microsoft IE5 and IE6, you need
to check whether the Web browser supports the XMLHttpRequest object.
The following code depicts how to create an XMLHttpRequest object for all
the modern Web browsers, including Microsoft IE5 and IE6:
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
//code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{
// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}

After creating an XMLHttpRequest object, you need to decide what you
want to do after you receive the server response to your request.
At this step, you need to define the JavaScript function, which will handle the
server response.
This can be done using the onreadystatechange property of the
XMLHttpRequest object, as shown in the following code snippet:
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
//process the server response
};

After setting the response function, you need to make the request.
To make the request, you need to call the open()and send()methods of
the XMLHttpRequest object, as shown in the following code snippet:
The following list describes the parameter passed to open()method in the
preceding code snippet:
The first parameter is the HTTP request method, such as GET, POST, and HEAD.
The second parameter is the URL of the Web page that you are requesting.
The third parameter, optional, sets whether the request is asynchronous.
xmlhttp.open(‘GET’,’serverpage.asp’,true);
xmlhttp.send(null);

The following figure depicts some samples of using HTTP GET and POST
request methods with AJAX:
//HTTP GET request without querystring
xmlhttp.open(‘GET’,’serverpage.asp’,true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
//HTTP GET request with querystring
xmlhttp.open(‘GET’,’serverpage.asp?username=’+Math.random
(),true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
//HTTP GET request without querystring
xmlhttp.open(‘GET’,’serverpage.asp?username=user1&pass=pa
ssword”,true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
//HTTP POST request
xmlhttp.open(‘POST’,’serverpage.asp’,true);
xmlhttp.send(‘username=user1&pass=password’);

To handle the server’s response:
First, the response function needs to check the ready state of the request.
 If the ready state has the value of 4, then you can proceed further.
Next, you need to check the response code of the HTTP server response.
The following code snippet depicts how to handle the server’s response:
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function(){
if (xmlhttp.readyState === 4) {
// everything is good, the response is received
if (xmlhttp.status === 200) { // process the response }
else { // request encountered some problem,
// for example, the response may contain a HTTP
404 (Not Found) response code
}
} else { // still not ready } };

Fetching Data using XMLHttpRequest Object
How to display the
Web server’s response
on a Web page?

The following code snippet depicts how to display response from Web server
on a Web page:
Fetching Data using XMLHttpRequest Object (Contd.)
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
var xmlhttp = false;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest) {
xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else {
xmlhttpp = new
ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
function getData(){
if(xmlhttp) {
var div =
document.getElementById("OutputDiv"
);
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange =
function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 &&
xmlhttp.status == 200) {
div.innerHTML =
xmlhttp.responseText;
}
else {
alert ("Something went wrong!!");
}}
xmlhttp.open("GET","SampleText.txt"
,true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
}}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Fetching response as text from
server with AJAX</H1>
<FORM NAME="form1">
<INPUT TYPE="button" Value="Fetch
Data" onClick='getData()'>
</FORM>
<DIV id="OutputDiv">
<P>The fetched data will be
displayed in this area.</P>
</DIV>
</BODY>
</HTML>
AJAXExample.htm

The following figures depict the output of the preceding code.

To display XML data from the server response, you need to make the following
changes:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange =
function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 &&
xmlhttp.status == 200) {
var xmldoc = xmlhttp.responseXML;
var root_node =
xmldoc.getElementsByTagName('root')
.item(0);
div.innerHTML =
root_node.firstChild.data;
}
else {
alert ("Something went wrong!!");
}}
xmlhttp.open("GET",“TestFile.xml",
true);
xmlhttp.send(null);
}}
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AJAXExample.htm
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<root>
This is a test XML file.
</root>
TestFile.xml

jQuery
Is jQuery a part of
JavaScript?

jQuery is a fast and concise JavaScript library created by John Resig in 2006
with a motto of “write less, do more.”
The purpose behind developing jQuery was to make it easier to use JavaScript.
jQuery simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and
Ajax interactions for rapid Web development.
jQuery is a JavaScript toolkit designed to simplify various tasks by writing less
code.
jQuery also simplifies a lot of the complicated things from JavaScript, like AJAX
calls and DOM manipulation.
Some of the core features of jQuery are:
DOM manipulation
Event handling
AJAX Support
Animations
Lightweight
jQuery (Contd.)

There are a number of JavaScript frameworks available, but jQuery is one of
the most popular framework.
jQuery is extendable.
Most of the biggest organization uses jQuery.
Few of these organizations are:
Microsoft
Google
IBM
Amazon
jQuery (Contd.)

You can use jQuery by using one of the following ways:
Local installation: You can download jQuery library on the Web server and include
it inside your HTML Web pages.
CDN based version: You can include jQuery library inside your HTML Web pages
directly from Content Delivery Network (CDN).
After downloading jQuery library on your local machine or Web server, you can
include it inside your HTML Web pages using the following code snippet:
Including jQuery
<head>
<script src = "jquery-1.11.3.min.js"></script>
</head>
SamplePage.htm

In case you do not want to host the jQuery library, you can include it from a
CDN, such as CDN hosted by Google or Microsoft.
To use jQuery hosted by Google, you need to include the following code
snippet in your HTML Web page:
To use jQuery hosted by Microsoft, you need to include the following code
snippet in your HTML Web page:
Including jQuery (Contd.)
<head>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js">
</script>
</head>
SamplePage.htm
<head>
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.11.3.min.js">
</script>
</head>
SamplePage.htm

You can manipulate your Web page in jQuery with the help of document ready
event.
Once the document ready event has fired, you can start manipulating the Web
page.
The document ready event signifies that the DOM of the HTML Web page is
ready.
So you can manipulate it without worrying that parts of the DOM has not yet
been created.
The following code snippet depicts the document ready event in jQuery:
jQuery Document Ready Event
$(document).ready(function(){
// Your jQuery code goes here
});
SamplePage.htm

On of the core component in jQuery library is selectors.
Before manipulating an HTML element, you need to locate that element.
To locate and HTML element, a jQuery selector can be used.
A jQuery selector is a function that makes use of expressions to find out
matching elements from a DOM based on the given criteria.
In jQuery, selectors are used to identify and locate HTML elements of a Web
page by using any of the following:
ID
Name
Classes
Types
Attributes
While implementing jQuery, selectors are very essential and required at
almost every step.
Selectors

On of the core component in jQuery library is selectors.
jQuery allows you to select elements based on the following criteria:
Selecting by Element Name: This jQuery selector selects the element based on the
element name.
Selecting by Element Id: This jQuery selector selects the element using the id
attribute of an HTML tag.
Selecting by CSS Class: This jQuery selector selects the element using the class
attribute.
The jQuery element selector selects elements based on the element name.
Selectors (Contd.)

You can use $(“p”), to select all <p> elements on a Web page.
You can use the following code snippet to hide all the <p> elements when a
user clicks on any button:
The #id selector can be useful when you want to select a unique HTML
element.
You can use the following code snippet, to select an element using the ID
attribute:
Selectors (Contd.)
$("button").click(function(){
$("p").hide();
});
});
$(“#sampleDiv").hide();
});
});

The jQuery class selector selects the element using a specific CSS class.
To locate elements with a specific class, you need to put a period character
before the class name.
You can use the following code snippet, to select an element using the class
selector:
Selectors (Contd.)
$(“.testClass").hide();
});
});

The following code snippet depict the usage of various jQuery selectors in an
HTML Web page:
Selectors (Contd.)
<html>
<head>
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js">
</script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function () {
$("button").click(function () {
$("#newID").hide(); //using id
$(“.newClass”).show(); //using class name
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p class=“newClass">Sample class selector.</p>
<p id=“newID">Sample id selector.</p>
<p>sample element name selector.</p>
<button>Click me</button>
</body>
</html>
jQueryExample.htm

There are some more jQuery selectors that are given in the following list:
:contains()
:odd
:even
:first-child
:last-child
:first
:last
Selectors (Contd.)

The following table describes the :contains()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
Function Syntax Example
It selects elements
containing the specified
string.
$(":contains(string)") $(document).ready(function(){
$("p:contains(Res)").css("backgro
und-color",“yellow");
});

The following table describes the :odd()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects each element
with an odd index number,
such as 1, 3, and 5. The
index number starts with 0.
$(":odd") $(document).ready(function(){
$("tr:odd").css("
background-color",“red");
});

The following table describes the :even()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects each element
with an even index
number, such as 0, 2, and
4.
$(":even") $(document).ready(function(){
$("tr:even").css("
background-color","blue");
});

The following table describes the :first-child()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects all
elements that are
the first child of
their parent.
$(":first-child") $(document).ready(function(){$("p:first-
child").css("
background-color","pink");
});

The following table describes the :last-child()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects all the
elements that are the
last child of their
parent.
$(":last-child") $(document).ready(function(){$("di
v:last-child").css("
font-style","italic");});

The following table describes the :first()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects only the first
matched element, which
occurs first irrespective of
its parent element, in the
whole document.
$(":first") $(document).ready(function(){
$("p:first").css("font-style ","
italic ");});

The following table describes the :last()selector.
Selectors (Contd.)
It selects only that
element, which occurs at
last irrespective of its
parent element, in the
whole document.
$(":last") $(document).ready(function(){
$("p:last").css("font-style ","
italic ");});

Consider a scenario where you want to display the names of employees who’s
productivity is more than 85% and between 65% to 85% in the last financial
year.
Two achieve this, you can use the following code snippet:
Selectors (Contd.)
<div>Names of employees who’s productivity is more than 85%:</div>
<ul class="Greater_eightyfive">
<li>Sam: 98</li>
<li>Joe: 95</li>
<li>Mariline: 87</li>
</ul>
<div>Names of employees who’s productivity is between 65% and 85%:</div>
<ul class="Lesser_eightyfive">
<li>Jeff: 85</li>
<li>Frank: 80</li>
<li>Stefen: 78</li>
<li>Peter: 65</li>
<li>Ben: 75</li>
</ul>

To highlight the names of those employees who’s productivity is more than
85% in yellow color, use the following code snippet:
In the preceding code snippet, the <ul> element that has the value of the
class attribute as Greater_eightyfive is selected and the background color,
yellow, is applied to it.
Selectors (Contd.)
$(document).ready(function ()
{
var res = $('ul[class="Greater_eightyfive"]');
res.css("background-color", "yellow");
});

jQuery methods enable you to easily traverse the HTML Document Object
Model (DOM) and select the different elements to manipulate them.
DOM represents the logical structure of HTML documents.
It describes the ways through which a document is accessed and manipulated.
Using the HTML DOM, you can navigate through the structure of HTML
documents and add, modify, or delete elements and content.
In the HTML DOM, everything is treated as a node.
For example:
Traversing DOM
Document
Document
node
Element
Element
node
Attribute
Attribute
node
Text
Text node
Comment
Comment
node

Consider the following HTML Web page:
Traversing DOM (Contd.)
<html>
<head>
<title>text</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dean Winchester</td>
<td>Sam Winchester</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Supernatural</td>
<td>Supernatural</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

The following figure depicts the DOM tree for the preceding HTML Web page.
Document
<html>
<head>
<title>
Text
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
Text: Dean
Winchester
<td>
Text: Sam
Winchester
<tr>
<td>
Text:
Supernatural
<td>
Text:
Supernatural

jQuery provides you with various methods that allow you to traverse DOM.
These methods can be categorized into the following ways:
jQuery
Ancestors
Descendants
Siblings

An element who is a parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, and so on of
another element is known as the ancestor of that element.
You need to traverse up the DOM to find the ancestor of an element.
The commonly used methods to traverse up the DOM are:
The parent()method:
Returns the direct parent element of the selected element.
Traverses only a single level up the DOM tree.
Ancestors
parent()
parents()

To find out the parent of <TR> element and make its content bold, you can use
the following code snippet:
In the preceding code snippet, to retrieve the parent element of the <TR>
element whose class attribute is PortJ, the parent()method is used.
The content of the selected element is made bold using the font-weight
property.
Ancestors (Contd.)
Destination.html
<script>
$(".PortJ").parent().css({"font-weight": "bold"});});
</script>

The parents()method:
Is used to retrieve all ancestor elements of the selected element, up to the root
element of the document.
For example, to change the background color of the Destination.html page,
you can write the following code snippet:
The preceding code snippet selects the ancestors of the <tr> element whose
class attribute is PortJ, using the parents()method and changes their
background color to cornsilk.
Ancestors (Contd.)
<script>
$(".PortJ").parents().css({"background-color": "#FFF8DC"});
});
</script>

An element who is a child, grandchild, great-grandchild, and so on of another
element is known as the descendant of that element.
You need to traverse down the DOM tree to find the descendant of an
element.
The methods used to traverse down the DOM are:
The children()method:
Is used to retrieve all direct children of the selected element.
Traverses a single level down the DOM tree.
The following code snippet shows the use of the children()method:
Descendants
children()
find()
$(".Class1").children().css({"font-style": "italic"});

The find()method:
Is used to retrieve the descendant elements of the selected element.
Searches up to the last element of the DOM tree.
The following code snippet shows the use of the find()method:
Descendants (Contd.)
<script>
$("ul").find("li").css({"font-weight":"bold"});});
</script>

Siblings refer to the elements that have the same parent.
You can find siblings of an element by traversing sideways in the DOM tree.
The methods for traversing the siblings of an element are:
Siblings
• Is used to retrieve all the sibling elements
of the selected elementsiblings()
• Is used to retrieve the next sibling element
of the selected element
next()
• Is used to retrieve the previous sibling
element of the selected element
prev()

An event is a user’s action to which a Web page can respond.
For example, a mouse click or a key press are examples of an event.
When an event is raised, a piece of code is executed.
In jQuery, event listeners or predefined event methods are used to handle
events.
The following figure depicts how events are raised and actions are performed.
jQuery Event Model
Button
clicked
Event is
raised
Event
listener
listens to the
event
The function
to handle
the event is
executed
and some
action s
performed

jQuery provides you the following methods to attach event handler to multiple
events of a selected element(s):
bind()
on()
The bind()method:
Is used to attach one or more event handlers for the selected elements.
Can be invoked by using the following syntax:
To attach an event handler to a single event, you can use the following code
snippet:
To attach an event handler to multiple events, you can use the following code
snippet:
Binding Events
$(selector).bind(event[,data],function
$("p").bind("click",function(){
alert(" Click event raised"); });
$("#btn").bind("mouseover mouseout",function(){
$("#btn").toggleClass(“demo"); });

The on()method can be used to attach one or multiple event handlers for the
selected and their child elements.
The following figure depicts the syntax to use the on()method.
The following code snippet can be used to attach the click event to the <p>
element at the click even of a button:
Binding Events (Contd.)
$(selector).on(event[,childSelector][,data],function [,map])
$("div").on("click","p",function(){
$(this).hide();
});

jQuery UI is another useful JavaScript library that is built using jQuery
JavaScript library.
It provides you with a set of plugins for jQuery that provides you with more
functionalities in addition to the jQuery core library.
jQuery UI plugins provides you a combination multiple plugins that includes:
Interaction
Effects
Widgets
Utilities
Themes
These plugins are specifically designed to work together or stand-alone.
jQuery UI Library

To use jQuery UI library, you can:
Download the library on your Web server or local host
Include it directly into your Web pages using CDN.
To include jQuery UI library directly into your Web page, you can use any of the
following CDNs:
jQuery UI Library (Contd.)
<link rel="Stylesheet"
href="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.10/themes/redmond/jquery-
ui.css" />
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery/jquery-
1.8.0.js"></script>
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.ui/1.8.22/jquery-
ui.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.4/themes/smoothnes
s/jquery-ui.css">
<script
src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.4/jquery.min.js">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.11.4/jquery-
ui.min.js"></script>

There are a number of useful widgets provided by jQuery UI library that can
make your Web page look elegant.
Few of these widgets are given in the following list:
jQuery UI Widgets
Accordion
Datepicker
Slider
Tabs

The accordion widget is helpful when you need to display content or
information in a limited amount a space with the help of collapsible content
panels.
The syntax to use accordion widget is as follows:
$(selector, context).accordion(options);
The following table depicts some of the important options that you can use
with the accordion widget.
Accordion Widget
Option Description
active Indicates the index of the menu that will be opened by
default.
animate Used to set how to animate changing menus.
collapsible Allows user to close a menu by clicking on it.
Disabled Allows you to disable the accordion.

The following code snippet depicts how to add accordion widget in an HTML
Web page:
Accordion Widget (Contd.)
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
................
<script>
$(function() {
$( "#accordion" ).accordion({
collapsible: true });
});
</script>
................
</head>
<body>
<div id="accordion">
<h3>Section 1</h3>
<div>
<p>
Section 1 content goes here.
</p>
</div>
<h3>Section 2</h3>
<div>
<p>
Section 2 content goes here.
</p>
</div>
............
</div>
</body>
</html>

The datepicker widget allows users to select a date quickly and visually.
$(selector, context).datepicker(options);
with the datepicker widget.
Datepicker Widget
Option Description
changeMonth Allows users to directly change the month without using the
arrow buttons.
changeYear Allows users to directly change the year without using the
arrow buttons.
dateFormat Allows you to specify the date format.
defaultDate Allows you to set the initial date for the control.

The following code snippet depicts how to add datepicker widget in an HTML
Web page:
Datepicker Widget (Contd.)
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
................
<script>
$(function() {
$("#datepicker").datepicker();
});
</script>
................
</head>
<body>
<p>Date: <input type="text" id="datepicker"></p>
</body>
</html>

A slider is used you need to accept a numeric value within a certain range.
The benefit of using slider widget is that it does not allow users to choose an
invalid value.
$(selector, context).slider(options);
with the slider widget.
Slider Widget
Option Description
max Allows you to set the upper limit of the range that the slider
can attain.
Min Allows you to set the lower limit of the range that the slider
can attain.
step Allows you to set the intervals between minimum and
maximum values.
value Allows you to set the initial value for the slider.

The following code snippet depicts how to add slider widget in an HTML Web
page:
Slider Widget (Contd.)
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
................
<script>
$(function() {
$( "#slider-4" ).slider({
orientation:"vertical"});
$( "#slider-4" ).slider('disable');
$( "#slider-5" ).slider({
orientation:"vertical",
value:50,
slide: function( event, ui ) {
$( "#minval" ).val( ui.value
);}
});
$( "#minval" ).val( $( "#slider-
5").slider( "value" ) );
});
</script>
................
</head>
<body>
<div id="slider-4"></div>
<p>
<label for="minval">Minumum
value:</label>
<input type="text" id="minval"
style="border:0; color:#b9cd6d;
font-weight:bold;">
</p>
<div id="slider-
5"></div></body></div>
</body>
</html>

The tabs widget allows you to display a logically grouped content in a single
content area with the help of multiple panels.
To use tabs efficiently, you need to include the following set of markups in you
HTML Web page:
Tabs must be represented using a list.
Every tab title must be enclosed within <li> tag and wrapped using <a> tag.
Every tab panel must have an ID that corresponds to the hash in the anchor of the
associated tab.
$(selector, context).tabs(options);
Tabs Widget

The following code snippet depicts how to add tabs widget in an HTML Web
page:
Tabs Widget (Contd.)
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
................
<script>
$(function() {
$( "#tabs-1" ).tabs();
});
</script>
................
</head>
<body>
<div id="tabs-1">
<ul>
<li><a href="#tabs-2">Tab 1</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="tabs-2">
<p>Tab 1 content.</p>
</div>
<div id="tabs-3">
</div>
<div id="tabs-4">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

In this session, you have learned that:
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
AJAX allows Web pages or parts of them to be updated asynchronously.
The XMLHttpRequest object is the most important component of AJAX.
The XMLHttpRequest object establishes an independent connection channel
between a Web page's client-side and server-side.
jQuery is a fast and concise JavaScript library created by John Resig in 2006 with a
motto of “write less, do more.”
jQuery simplifies HTML document traversing, event handling, animating, and Ajax
interactions for rapid Web development.
Once the document ready event has fired, you can start manipulating the Web
page.
A jQuery selector is a function that makes use of expressions to find out
matching elements from a DOM based on the given criteria.
Summary

jQuery methods enable you to easily traverse the HTML Document
Object Model (DOM) and select the different elements to manipulate them.
jQuery methods enable you to easily traverse the HTML Document
Object Model (DOM) and select the different elements to manipulate them.
In jQuery, event listeners or predefined event methods are used to handle events.
jQuery UI is another useful JavaScript library that is built using jQuery JavaScript
library.
The accordion widget is helpful when you need to display content or information
in a limited amount a space with the help of collapsible content panels.
The datepicker widget allows users to select a date quickly and visually.
A slider is used you need to accept a numeric value within a certain range.
The tabs widget allows you to display a logically grouped content in a single
content area with the help of multiple panels.
Summary (Contd.)

Ajax and Jquery

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