1. Sociological
Foundation of
Education
Jerryll A. Candido
MAED-SS1

2. TOPIC PRESENTATION PLAN
Sub-Topic Time
Allotment
Objectives Key Concepts References
Other social
institutions in
socialization
and societal
change.
1 hour Explain the role pf
Other social
institutions in
socialization and
societal change.
 HUMAN RELATIONS AND LEADERSHIP
 SOCIAL PROBLEMS
 DRUG ADDICTION
 Evil Effects of Drugs
 JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
 LACK OF PEACE AND ORDER
 SEX PROBLEMS
 Sex Problems in the Country
 Causes of Sex Problems
 POPULATION EXPLOSION
 POVERTY
 GAMBLING
 ALCOHOLISM
 TRAFFIC CONGESTION
 BROWNOUTS
 DEFORESTATION
 POLLUTION
 UNEMPLOYMENT
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ogical-
Foundation-of-
Education-
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3. HUMAN
RELATIONS AND
LEADERSHIP
As long as people live in groups, they have to
maintain some kind of relationships to enable them
to carry on their daily activities cooperatively,
peacefully, and according to schedule.

4. HUMAN
RELATIONS
A good human relation is getting along well with
other people. The basis of good human relations is
good character. One must posses important divine
values as well as socially accepted human values to
enable him to live well with others.

5. Speak graciously to
people
01
Smile at people.
02
Be friendly and helpful.
04
Be cordial.
05
Ten Commandments of human Relations
Call people by first
name.
03 Be genuinely
interested in people.
06

6. Be generous with
praise, be cautious
with criticism.
07
Be considerate of the
feelings of other.
08
Be thoughtful of he
opinion of others..
09
Be alert to give
services.
10
Ten Commandments of human Relations

7. Short Courses
in Human
Relations
There is going a short course in human relations
designed by the samecenter, as follows:

8. Six most important
words:
Five most important
words:
“you did a good job.”
“I admit I made a mistake.”
Four most important
words:
“what is your opinion?”

9. Third most important
words:
Two most important
words:
“thank you.”
“If you please.”
Least important words:
“I”

10. Then following techniques of
human relation are suggested
to maintain good human
relations:

11. 1. Give compliments and praises freely.
2. Be fair always.
3. Keep secrets.
4. Criticize or argue tactfully.
5. Admit your mistakes.
6. Recognized the merits of others’ opinions.
7. Be grateful always.
8. Give credit to whom credit is due.
9. Be honest. Never cheat.
10. Maintain a moderate level of humility.
11. Be kind, generous, and helpful.

12. 12. Be friendly. Do not bully.
13. be dependable, responsible, and keep promises.
14. Be punctual.
15. Be resourceful, hardworking, and frugal.
16. Be cooperative in group undertakings.
17. Be firm with reasoned convictions.
18. Shun vices. Avoid evil vices such as drug addiction,
drunkenness, and excessive gambling.
19. Respect the convictions, beliefs, and practices of others.
20. Maintain A decent and socially approved love life.
21. Be good, law-abiding citizen.

13. LEADERSHI
P
Whenever and whenever people live groups, there
always arises a leader in each group. This is a
natural phenomenon. But what is a leader?
According to Lardizabal, a leader is a person who
influences the group to follow the course of action
advocates. Hence, leadership is the act of
influencing a group to follow a certain course of
action.

14. Quality of a Leader
Kagan and Havemann
leadership traits consist of persistence, dependability,
self-confidence, popularity, food speech, and
participation in the activities of the group.
Ruch
a person with leadership qualities is
(1) Physically healthy,
(2) greatly energized,
(3) easily predictable,
(4) aloof from the masses ,
(5) not too far above the crowd,
(6) knowledgeable on human motives,
(7)consistent in unifying his follower.

15. Quality of a Leader
Morgan
a leader must participate actively in the group. He
must be dependable, persistence, verbally facile, self-
confident, and socially
popular

16. Leadership Foundation Defines Leadership
L – Leadership is loyalty to God, country, and People.
E – It is enthusiasm, energy to help and serve others.
A – It is action, accomplishment, achievement.
D – It is dedication, discipline, Dignity, Dependability, devotion to
duty, daring, determination, decisiveness for the general welfare.
E – It is Excellence, exemplary work for others to follow and emulate.
R – it is reliability, responsibility, respect for the law and the rights of
others, reconciliation for peace and unity, fairness in rewarding.
S – it is sincerity, service, self-sacrifice, social justice to make life
better for mankind, self-confidence, oral proficiency.
H – It is humility, honesty, honor, helpfulness, hard work.
I – it is integrity, interest, initiative, idealism.
P – it is patience, perseverance, beyond partisanship, religion or
creed, love for peace, progress and prosperity for mankind and
predictability.

17. Theories About the Emergence of leaders
Situation theory.
The qualities of a person
are those needed to deal
with
the situation and so, he is
selected as a leader.
Supportive or
participatory
theory.
A prospective leader
supports or helps
his prospective followers,
supporting the letter in his
quest for leadership.
Personal behavior
theory
person behaves according
to the demands of
the situation and so, he is
selected to lead.
Social theory.
An individual facilitates the
activities of the members of a
group and resolves their conflicts
and because he is good
facilitators, he is selected as the
leader of the group

18. Theories About the Emergence of leaders
Psychological
theory.
The individual who motivates
the members of a group to
engage in activities that
would satisfy their personal
needs is
selected as a leader.
Supernatural
powers theory.
An individual may have an
“agimat,””taliman ”
or magic power that
enables him to attain his
leadership status.
Autocratic theory.
An individual uses coercion
and duress to attain his
leadership status..
Inheritance theory
When a king or emperor dies, his
heir, usually a son
inherits the throne of his father.

19. Theories About the Emergence of leaders
Accident theory.
When an elected president
dies of resign, his vice
president
takes over the position.
Personality traits
theory.
When a person has good
traits such as high
mental ability, integrity and
honesty, willingness to
serve, high education
attainment, good
character, etc., is selected
as a leader.
Prestige theory.
Usually the most
prestigious member of a
group is
selected as the leader of
the group.

20. Kinds or Types
of Leaders

21. 1. According to Status
A. Formal leader – one who officially occupies a
position of leadership as president, vice president,
king, etc.
B. Informal or contributing leader – one who has no
official position but who provides or contributes bright
ideas for the group.

22. 2. According to Managerial Grid
a. Autocrat – one with high regard for work but very little regard or care for
workers.
b. Missionary – one with the highest concern for people.
c. Compromiser – one with equal concern for work and people.
d. Deserter – one with very little concern for service and people.
e. Executive - one with the highest regard for service or work as well as for
workers or people. This is the highest type of leadership.

23. 3. According to Manner of Participation
a. Autocratic – there is practically no participation of the group
in decision-making.
b. Participatory – authority is decentralized. The group is
involved in decision-making.
c. Free rein – the leader depends upon the group for
decision- making.

24. 4. According to Democratic Practices
a. Authoritarian – decision –making is in the hands of one
man.
b. Democratic – decision-making is in the hands of the
group.The group itself is self-governing.

25. Function and
roles of a
Leader in an
Organization
The leader:
1. Establishes well-defined patterns of organization, channel
of communication, and ways of getting jobs done.
2. Serves as spokesman and representative of the group.
3. Helps the group determined procedure in decision-making
and in carrying out plans.
4. Initiates plan.
5. Settles conflicts and difficulties in the group. Helps
establish a social climate, esprit de corp.
6. Clarifies duties and help the group organize itself.
7. Serves as guidance counselor.
8. Maintains membership, cohesiveness, cooperation;
develop the feeling that to stay is pleasant.
9. Work for the attainment of goals and objectives.
10. Delegates’ responsibility and authority to maximize
participation and performance.

26. How a leader
Deals with His
Subordinates
In dealing with his subordinates, a leader must assume the following
roles:
1. Supporter and friend, especially for promotion.
2. Provider of necessary information and facilities.
3. trainer, helps group learn from experience or otherwise.
4. counselor, counsels subordinates who have problems.
5. Practices democratic ways with subordinates.
6. he should maximize subordinates’ ideas and participation. He
should not
grab ideas as his own but should give credit to whom it is due.

27. Methods a Leader May Use in
Influencing the Group in Decision-
Making
1. Telling.
2. Selling.
3. testing.
4. Consulting.
5. Joining.

28. The Problem-Solving Process a
Leader may Use
1. Identify, state, and define or clarity the problem (project).
2. If the problem or project is complicated, it may be divided into
subproblems. Committees are assigned to gather facts about
each subproblem.
3. In plenary session, all available facts should be utilized in
discussing all the ramifications of the problem or project.
4. This is now the ideas-getting process. The members are
enjoined to give their proposed or alternative solutions to the
problem or project.

29. The Problem-Solving Process a
Leader may Use
5. This is now the idea-evaluation process. The advantages or
disadvantages of each proposed or alternatives solution are
presented.
6. Choice of the final proposed or alternatives solution is
achieved by voting or by other means.
7. Implementation..

30. Salesmansh
ip
The leader is a salesmanship.
However, he does not sell material
goods for personal profit.

31. Quality of a Leader
Following are some suggestion for an effective selling
technique:
S- sell an important idea.
A – Advertise the idea..
L – Let the people learn all the essential aspects of the idea.
E – Be enthusiastic and eloquent.
S – select points that appeal most to the people.
M – Let one move for the adoption or approval of the idea.
A – Apply the idea if it is approved.
N – If the idea is not approved, the extreme necessary of its
adoption must be pointed out more emphatically.
S – Be sincere.
H – Hear the people talk about their objections.
I – Interest the people more.
P – Persist in pushing through the idea.

32. General Function of a Leader
Summarizing, the general function of a leader are:
1. Planning – making plans for the activities of the
organizations.
2. Organizing – putting up to structure of the organization
3. Staffing – assigning personnel to the different positions.
4. Directing – guiding the activities of the organization.
5. Coordinating – systematizing the activities of the group.
6. Budgeting – estimating the income and Expenses of the
organization.

33. SOCIAL PROBLEMS
There are many social problems that
beset the country which may adversely
affect its progress. The school has an
important obligation to help minimize
such problems if not entirely eradicate
them.

34. DRUG ADDICTION
Drug addiction is both a serious
national and international problem.
Some of the causes are:
Membership in
a “barkada”
Curiosity.
Overuse Frustration
01 03
02 04

35. DRUG ADDICTION
Drug addiction is both a serious
national and international problem.
Some of the causes are:
Victim of
pusher.
Boredom.
Removal of
inhibition
Ignorance
05 07
06 08

36. DRUG ADDICTION
Drug addiction is both a serious
national and international problem.
Some of the causes are:
Easy access to
drugs.
09

37. JUVENILE
DELINQUENCY
Juvenile delinquency as the term
connotes is the commission of anti-
social acts by young persons, usually
minors. Although this is not much of a
problem in the rural areas,

38. Juvenile delinquency may be in the
form of disobedience, theft, robbery
holdups, rape,
prostitution, etc. Some of the causes
are:
Congestion. Joining a gang.
Frustration.
Psychological
Needs.
01 03
02 04

39. Juvenile delinquency may be in the
form of disobedience, theft, robbery
holdups, rape,
prostitution, etc. Some of the causes
are:
Poverty.
Lack of
spiritual and
moral values.
Idleness.
05 08
07

40. LACK OF PEACE AND
ORDER
What are the peace and order
conditions in the country today? Every
day, we hear from the radio or read in
the newspapers about killings, robbery
hold-ups especially in jeepneys and
passenger buses and taxis, rape with
homicide, etc.

41. The occurrence of such gloomy picture may be
attributed to the following
causes:
1. Ideology. Some Filipinos have embraced the communistic ideology.
2. Poverty. Because of extreme necessity of basic needs especially food, some people resort to petty
thefts, jewelry snatchings, holdups especially in jeepneys, buses, and taxis and robbery.
3. Get-rich-quick mentality. Some people have this mentality and they engage in bank holdups and
robberies, kidnaps for ransom, and carnapping's from which they get away with hundreds of
thousands and millions of pesos. Graft and corruption in the government is rampant, too.
4. Lack of spiritual and moral values. People with rich spiritual and moral values rarely commit crimes
against others. It is the unprincipled individuals who consider that what are yours and mine are
also theirs.
5. Ineffective law enforcement. When criminality is rampant it means that law enforcement is
ineffective.

42. SEX PROBLEMS
The more serious sex problems are the following:
1. Pre-marital relations – having sexual relations before legal marriage.
2. Extra-marital relations – married people having sexual relations with others not their
spouses.
3. Frigidity and impotence – Frigidity is the absence of sexual desire on the part of a
woman and impotence is the failure of erection of the male organ. If the woman is
frigid and the man is sexually strong, or if the woman is not frigid and the man is
sexually impotent, sexual incompatibility results. The sexual desire of a partner
cannot be satisfied by the other.
4. Prostitution – A woman is paid immediately, usually in the form of money, after
having sex with a man.

43. Sex Problems in the Country
1. Incest
2. Wife-swapping
3. Hippie Family.
4. Homosexuality
5. Nymphomania

44. Causes of Sex Problems
Trial Marriage.
Contraceptives.
Poverty.
Congestion.
Influence of movie
stars.
Desire for
luxury
Working
women.

45. Causes of Sex Problems
Lewd shows.
Women’s Lib
Weakening of close
family ties.
A spouse working
abroad
Accessibility of hotels
and motels
Lack of strong
spiritual and moral
values

46. Negative Effects of Sex Problems
Untimely
pregnancy
Broken Home
Venereal
disease and / or
AIDS.

47. POPULATION
EXPLOSION
Population in the Philippines is
increasing by leaps and bounds. Some
of the causes are:

48. Values and
Beliefs
Ignorance of
birth control
methods
Medical
consciousness. Poverty.
01 03
02 04

49. Negative Effects of Overpopulation
1. Poverty. This is the result of underdevelopment and
unemployment
because there are more people than jobs available.
2. Retarded national economy. The economic gains
realized each year are
gobbled up by the increase in pollution

50. POVERTY
Among the causes of poverty are the following:
1. Overpopulation.
2. Calamities. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons,
floods and fires often make people impoverished.
3. Unemployment.
4. Graft and Corruption.

51. GAMBLING
Legal or illegal, gambling is a problem. The more common forms of
gambling are gambling in the casino, jueteng, cockfighting, and card
games. The possible causes are:
1. Recreation. Some people consider gambling a recreational activity.
2. Strong belief in “luck”. Some people strongly believe that luck maybe
on their side, so they gamble.
3. Get rich quick mentality. Some like to accumulate lots of money in a
short time and in an easy way and so they place bets in gambling and
buy sweepstakes tickets.
4. Lack of strong spiritual an moral values, Anybody lacking these can
become wayward.

52. GAMBLING
Legal or illegal, gambling is a problem. The more common forms of
gambling are gambling in the casino, jueteng, cockfighting, and card
games. The possible causes are:
1. Recreation. Some people consider gambling a recreational activity.
2. Strong belief in “luck”. Some people strongly believe that luck maybe
on their side, so they gamble.
3. Get rich quick mentality. Some like to accumulate lots of money in a
short time and in an easy way and so they place bets in gambling and
buy sweepstakes tickets.
4. Lack of strong spiritual an moral values, Anybody lacking these can
become wayward.

53. Negative Effects of Gambling
1. Some people become impoverished because of
gambling.
2. They lose fortunes especially if luck is not on their side.
3. Excessive gambling at night causes deterioration in the
health of an individual.
4. Since gambling has no economic value, time spent in it is
useless.

54. Negative Effects of Gambling
1. Some people become impoverished because of
gambling.
2. They lose fortunes especially if luck is not on their side.
3. Excessive gambling at night causes deterioration in the
health of an individual.
4. Since gambling has no economic value, time spent in it is
useless.

55. ALCOHOLISM
Alcoholism is an excessive drinking or liquor. It results to drunkenness which is
also a serious social problem. Among the possible causes of alcoholism are
the
following:
1. Recreation. Some people consider drinking with friends as a recreational
activity. Members of a barkada are very happy when they drink together.
2. Social function. Some people consider liquor drinking as a part of a social
function. To them, social function is not complete without drinking a beer
or wine.
3. Frustration. Some people drink to drown out their frustrations. To forget
problems and worries, people resort to drinking until they become drunk.
4. Lack of spiritual and moral values. Persons without spiritual and moral
values are easily tempted to get drunk.

56. Negative Effects of Alcoholism
1. Killing. Probably, this is the most serious bad
effect of drunkenness.
2. Injury to health. Excessive drinking weakens the
constitution of the body

57. TRAFFIC CONGESTION
1. Concentration of establishments in the city.
2. Oversupply of vehicles.
3. Narrow streets.
4. Lack of flyovers and double-decked streets
5. Illegal parking.

58. Negative Effects of Traffic Congestion
1. Waste of Time.
2. Hampered production.
3. Accidents and killings.

59. BROWNOUTS
Brownouts are becoming a serious
problem throughout the country. Some of
the causes are:
1. Lack of foresight.
2. Lack of expertise.
3. Graft and corruption.

60. Adverse Effects of Brownouts
1. Reduced production.
2. Unemployment and underemployment
3. Demoralization.

61. DEFORESTATION
This is also a serious national
problem. Some causes of
deforestation are the
following:
1. Illegal logging.
2. Charcoal making.
3. Kaingin system.

62. UNEMPLOYMENT
This is a perennial problem. Among the causes
are:
1. Population explosion.
2. Mismatch between skills developed by
schools and skills needed in industry.
3. Slow industrialization.

63. Adverse Effects of Unemployment
1. Poverty. It is natural that the family of a jobless man becomes
impoverished.
2. Employment Abroad. With no jobs available, coupled by the low
value of
the peso compared to the dollar, many Filipinos strive hard to find jobs
abroad causing brain drain in the country
3. Low education and low quality of life. Children of unemployed
people
cannot pursue higher education. Because of poverty, they also lead a
low
quality of life.
4. Squatting. Because of unemployment or underemployment, many
poor
families cannot afford to buy a house and lot and they resort to
squatting.

64. THANK YOU!!