69. “We are dumbing down
knowledge to information and
elevating ‘it works for me so I will
do it again’ to a status that is
inauthentic at best, dangerous at
worst”
Dave Snowden
70.
71. Little’s Law assumptions
1. The average of Arrival Rate should equal the average
of Departure Rate (Throughput).
2. All work that is started will eventually be completed
and exit the system.
3. The amount of WIP should be roughly the same at the
beginning and at the end of the time interval chosen
for calculation.
4. The average age of WIP is neither increasing nor
decreasing.
5. Cycle Time, WIP and Throughput must be all measured
using consistent units.
72. Every time an assumption of Little’s Law is
violated the process becomes less
predictable.
Every time.
74. 1. We will start new work about the same time we finish
old work.
2. We will make every reasonable effort to finish all work
that is started
3. If work becomes blocked we will do everything possible
to unblock it as expeditiously as possible.
4. We will monitor our policies around the order in which
we pull items through so that work items do not sit and
age unnecessarily.
Assumptions as Process Policies
75. 1. We will start new work about the same time we finish
old work.
2. We will make every reasonable effort to finish all work
that is started
3. If work becomes blocked we will do everything possible
to unblock it as expeditiously as possible.
4. We will monitor our policies around the order in which
we pull items through so that work items do not sit and
age unnecessarily.
Assumptions as Process Policies
76. 1. We will start new work about the same time we finish
old work.
2. We will make every reasonable effort to finish all work
that is started
3. If work becomes blocked we will do everything possible
to unblock it as expeditiously as possible.
4. We will monitor our policies around the order in which
we pull items through so that work items do not sit and
age unnecessarily.
Assumptions as Process Policies
77. 1. We will start new work about the same time we finish
old work.
2. We will make every reasonable effort to finish all work
that is started
3. If work becomes blocked we will do everything possible
to unblock it as expeditiously as possible.
4. We will monitor our policies around the order in which
we pull items through so that work items do not sit and
age unnecessarily.
Assumptions as Process Policies
78. 1. We will start new work about the same time we finish
old work.
2. We will make every reasonable effort to finish all work
that is started
3. If work becomes blocked we will do everything possible
to unblock it as expeditiously as possible.
4. We will monitor our policies around the order in which
we pull items through so that work items do not sit and
age unnecessarily.
Assumptions as Process Policies
84. MC Simulation
- Define domain of possible inputs
- Generate inputs randomly from domain
- Perform a computation
- Aggregate result
[source: Wikipedia]
Statistical sampling based simulation
85. 1
Domain of
possible inputs
Daily throughput
2
Generate inputs
randomly from
domain
Select randomly a throughput
3
Perform a
computation
Use the Throughput and deduct
from the number of items to
complete
Increase the end date by one
4 Stop if …
… remaining number of items is
0 or negative value
5
Aggregate
results
Calculate % of completions