School Education and Literacy in the 12th Five Year Plan

1. PLANNING COMMISSION
HRD DIVISION

2. SCHOOL EDUCATION SECTOR
School Education Sector covers:
1.Pre-primary Education
2.Primary Education ( Class I-V)
3.Upper Primary Education ( Class VI-VIII)
3.Secondary Education (Class IX-X)
4.Higher Secondary Education ( Class XI-XII)
5.Vocational Education
6.Adult Education ( Literacy)
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3. LITERACY STATUS & TWELFTH PLAN TARGETS
Sex Literacy 2011 Target 2017
Literates Literacy Literates Literacy
(million) (%) (million) (%)
Person 778.4 74.04 905 80
Male 444.2 82.14 495 85
Female 334.2 65.46 410 75
Gender Gap 16.68 - 10
Female literacy increased at a faster rate(11.79%) than that for
males(6.88%) and the no. of illiterates declined in absolute terms
by 31 million and literates increased by 218 million in Census 2011.
National Female Literacy Mission has been launched through
Saakshar Bharat targeting 60 million women & 10 million men.
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4. Elementary Education in India
• The Right to Free and Compulsory Education is a
Fundamental Right with the passage of RTE Act, 2009 &
SSA has been harmonised with the RTE mandate.
• Access to primary education increased to 99% and upper
primary, to 95% in 2012.
Primary Middle Elementary
(Class 1-5) (Class 6-8) ( Class1-8)
• Child Population (mil) 119 73 192
• Enrolment (mil) 137 62 199
• GER (%) 119 81 104
• NER (%) 100 62 81
Schools (in lakh) 8.3 5.3 13.6
Teachers (in lakh) 43.3 18.7 63.0
Trained Teachers(%) 86 87 86
Pupil-Teacher Ratio 33:1 31:1 31:1
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5. Elementary Education in India
SSA Achievement in Elementary Education
School Buildings 6.5 lakh
Additional Classrooms 18.0 lakh
Drinking Water supply 2.3 lakh
Toilet Facilities 7.4 lakh
Additional Teachers 19.7 lakh
KGBVs for Girls in EBBs 3640
Since 2004-05, SSA has enrolled additional 17mil. children of which,
girls accounted for 75%(13 mil.) and SCs& STs, 60%(10 mil.)
Twelfth Plan Focus:
• Learning Outcomes and Continuous Comprehension Evaluation,
• Ensuring Residual Access & Equity- Regional, Social & Gender
• Pre-primary Education for school preparedness
• Teacher Education on a Mission mode
• School Leadership Development
• Integration of Sports & Physical Education
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6. Twelfth Plan Monitorable Targets
National Monitorable Targets:
• Achieve Mean Years of Schooling of 7 by 2016-17
• Eliminate social & gender gaps in enrolment by 2016-17
Other Targets:
• Increase Secondary Education GER to 90%,
• Increase Sr. Secondary GER to 65%
• Reduce secondary drop out rate less than 25%
• reduce gender gap in literacy to 10 percentage points.
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7. Mean Years of Schooling*
S.No Countries 2000 2010
Mean Years of Schooling: India & China
1 Malaysia 9.09 10.14
2 China 7.11 8.17 10.00
7.62 8.17
3 Brazil 6.41 7.54 8.00 7.11
6.41
5.62
6.00 4.75 5.25
4 Thailand 6.11 7.49
3.97
4.00 3.43 4.68 5.12
5 Indonesia 5.23 6.24 3.80 4.20
3.45
2.00 2.89
6 India 4.19 5.12 2.34
1.57 1.97
(i) Advanced Economies 10.65 11.03 0.00
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
(ii) Developing Countries 6.15 7.09 Years
(iii) World ( Average) 6.98 7.76 India China
* MYS is the average completed years of schooling of population in the age
group of 15 years and above( Barro-Lee, 2010).India’s MYS at 4.67 in
2001(Census) had increased to 5.98 in 2009-10(NSS). The perspective is to
achieve a MYS of 8 years in 10 years and the target set for the 12th Plan is 7
years. The main challenge is bridging gender and social gaps in MYS.
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8. Elementary Education-Challenges
•Ensuring RTE Act prescribed norms and standards
for schools and professionally qualified teachers.
•Enrolling all the OoSC including street children &
Children with Special Needs (CWSN).
• Bridging Regional Social & Gender gaps in
enrollment & school retention.
•Addressing systemic problems in school education
•Improving the quality and standards of education in
publicly funded schools.
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9. Elementary Education: 12th Plan Interventions
• Provision of atleast 1 year of well supported well resourced, pre-school education in
Primary schools to all children particularly those in EBBs.
• Programmes for learning enhancement and school retention including supplemental
instruction for disadvantaged children.
• Additional KGBVs in EBBs and in areas with high concentration of SCs, STs and
Muslim population.
• Residential schools for children in the areas of civil strife, children of migrating
population and tribal children- Seasonal hostels for the children of migrating families.
• Transport/escorts facilities for children - in areas of civil strife, with disabilities, and
most marginalized ST and SC groups.
• Close monitoring of quality of Meals supplied under MDMS and extend coverage to
all NCLP children and disadvantaged children studying in private schools in districts
of SCs/STs concentration.
• Support to States for children in private schools (RTE 25% quota) and focused
efforts in enhancing the access of urban poor children to elementary education.
• Improved teacher training with emphasis on effective pedagogy given the multi age,
multi grade, multi level contexts.
• Governance reforms promoting school education and easing regulations that
impede growth of private investments in school education.
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10. Elementary Education 12th Plan Interventions -Quality
•Strong focus on learning outcomes for good quality
education.
•Ensuring all children acquire basic reading and numeracy
skills by Class 2 and skills of critical thinking, expression and
problem solving by Class 5.
•Teacher Eligibility Tests (TETs) institutionalized and made
mandatory for teacher recruitments.
•Launch National Mission on Teachers and Teaching to deal
with issues of teacher education in a holistic manner.
•Periodic review of school textbooks by NCERT/SCERT.
•CBSE introduced wide-ranging examination reforms for its
affiliated 13000 schools, emulated by other Boards.
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11. Secondary & Sr. Secondary Education
Secondary Sr. Secondary SE & SSE
(Class 9-10) (Class 11-12) (Class 9-12)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Youth Population (mil.) 49 49 98
Enrolment (mil.) 31 18 49
GER (%) 63 36 49
No. of Schools( lakh) 1.07 0.58 1.65
No. of Teachers (lakh) 1.17 0.93 2.50
Trained Teachers 82% 84% 83%
_____________________________________________________________________________________
– About 60% of Secondary schools & Sr. Secondary schools in India are privately managed (
aided and un aided).
– There are 45 Boards of Secondary Education in the country.
– The Central Government KVs and NVs under CBSE pattern perform well with high pass
percentages.
– SSA is accelerating demand for secondary education.
TWELFTH PLAN FOCUS
– Increase Secondary Education GER to 90%, Sr. Secondary GER to 65%
– Common syllabi & Examination/Assessment Reforms, Quality Assurance &TET
– Revamped vocational education with new National Vocational Education Curriculum
Framework- Competency based Modules-Mobility- and linked with sector skill
councils.
– Partnership with employers who provide trainers and internships, advice on
curricula, assessment and certification
– Dropout rate at secondary level to be reduced < 25%

12. 12th Plan Focus : Secondary Education
•Ensure quality secondary education with relevant
skills including basic competency in mathematics,
science, languages and communication;
•Implement common curricula and syllabi of nationally
acceptable standards for Science, Maths and English
in all schools in the country:
•Develop life skills including skills of critical and
constructive thinking, use of ICT, organisation and
leadership, and community services:
•Extend RMSA gradually to Higher Secondary stage
and cover all Government and Aided Schools –
•Set national norms of secondary schooling for
Universalisation of Secondary Education (USE).
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13. 12th Plan Interventions : Secondary Education
Setting up all the 6000 high quality model schools at
Block level- 3500 schools in partnership with States
approved and 2500 Model schools in PPP mode
Up gradation of 11,200 upper primary schools to
Secondary Schools to meet increased demand.
Direct Benefit Transfer of Scholarships/ Incentives linked
with Aadhar.
Increasing the intake capacity of 44,000 existing
government secondary schools, residential schools &
hostels facilities for boys and girls.
Strengthening of infrastructure facilities in existing
schools with provision of Lab/Library/ICT in schools and
80, 500 ACRs.
Ensuring 100% trained teachers in all schools.
Pace setting Role for KVs & NV & support to sports &PE.
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14. 12th Plan :Expected Outcomes
India achieving a MYS of seven years.
Regional, Gender and Social gaps in Elementary
Education enrollment bridged & that in Secondary
Education substantially reduced.
GERs in Secondary and Sr. Secondary levels exceeding
90% and 65%, respectively.
Gender gap in Literacy reduced to 10%age points.
A significant improvement in quality and standards of
education in Government Schools.
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15. Additional Information
Education Chapter, 12th Five Year Plan (Chapter 21 )
http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/12thplan/pdf/vol_3.pdf
Planning Commission
http://planningcommission.nic.in/
http://www.facebook.com/PlanComIndia
Department of School Education & Literacy
http://www.mhrd.gov.in/
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ( SSA)
http://www.ssa.nic.in/
Mid Day Meal ( MDM)
http://www.mdm.nic.in
Department of Higher Education
http://www.mhrd.gov.in/higher_education
National Council of Educational Research &Training (NCERT)
http://www.ncert.nic.in/
National University of Education Planning & Administration ( NUEPA)
http://www.nuepa.org/
National Council for Teacher Education ( NCTE)
http://www.ncte-india.org/
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)
http://www.nsdcindia.org/