1. Kothari Commission
(1964-66)
Dr. Pratibha Sagar
Department of Education
MJP Rohilkhand University,
Bareilly

2. Education
Commission
(1964-66)

3. Education Commission 1964-66
• Sixth Education Commission in Indian
History.
• Third in Post-independence period.
• Chairmanship of D.S. Kothari
• To advise govt. on national pattern of
education.
• General principles & policies for the
development of education at all stages.

4. Education Commission 1964-66
• The Commission was appointed under
provision of a resolution of the
Government of India, dated 14th July,
1964.
• The Commission included eminent
educationists in diverse fields from
India and abroad.

5. Education Commission 1964-66
• It consisted of total 17 members,
where 14 members, 1 member -
secretary, 1 Associate - Secretary and
Dr. D.S. Kothari, chairman of the
U.G.C. was appointed as the chairman
of the commission.

6. Education Commission 1964-66
• Therefore, it is also known as the
Kothari Commission.
• Among the members of the
commission 5 educationists were from
England, America, France, Japan and
Russia.
• J.P. Naik was appointed as member
secretary of the commission and J.F
McDougall as associated secretary.

7. Unique Features of Commission
 All the five earlier commissions did
not deal with education as a whole
but focussed attention on different
levels of education. This commission
have a comprehensive review of the
Entire Educational System.
 The conviction of Commission was
that the education is the most
powerful instrument of the national
development.

8. Unique Features of Commission
Education in India must necessarily
emerge from Indian experience, through,
culture and local conditions. But as
education remains the common quest of
mankind, it was found profitable to draw
upon the experience and thinking of
educationists and scientists from other
countries and to take advantage of the
latest developments in the educationally
advanced countries.

9. Education Commission 1964-66
• Commission basically emphasized on
education for National Development.
• The progress of the country,
development of finance, social security
& welfare activities could be ensured
only through education.
• Education should given highest
priority in any scheme of national
development.

10. Education Commission 1964-66
“The destiny of India is now being shaped
in her classrooms. This we believe, is no
more rhetoric. In a world based on science
and technology, it is education, that
determines the level of prosperity, welfare
and security of the people.”

11. Terms of Reference
• To make in depth study of existing
system.
• To decide policy matters for
organization & administration of
education.

12. Terms of Reference
• To propose a uniform system of
education for all round
development of country.
• To find out ways & means for
expansion & qualitative
improvements at every level of
education.

13. Objectives
In order to relate education, the
commission recommended the following
objectives
1. Increase in Productivity.
2. Promoting social and National
Integration
3. Education and Modernization
4. Developing social, moral & spiritual
values.

14. 1. Increase in Productivity
The Commission suggested that education
must be related to productivity to increase
national income.
1. Science is the basic component of education
and culture ; so it should be made an integral
part of school education.
2.To inculcate the value of manual work,The
work-experience should be introduced in
school education.

15. 1. Increase in Productivity
3. To meet the increasing needs of
technical personnel in Industry,
agriculture and trade, it was
recommended to introduce vocational
subjects in school curriculum. It also
opined that the vocationalisation will
bring education into closer relationship
with productivity

16. 2. Promoting social and National
Integration
i) To make education a powerful
instrument of national development,
common school system of public
education should be adopted.
ii) To Bridge the gulf between the
educated and the uneducated,
intellectuals and masses, social and
national service should be made an
integral part of school education.

17. 2. Promoting social and National
Integration
iii) A language is a firm adhesive for
social and national integration, suitable
provisions should be made for teaching
mother tongue, Hindi and other
Modern Indian languages in schools

18. 3. Education & Modernization
The present society is the science - based
society. In such a situation one of the main
functions of education is to keep pace
with this advancement of knowledge.
Another feature of modern society is the
rapid social change. In the situation of
change, the school must always be alert if
it is to keep abreast of significant changes.

19. 3. Education & Modernization
To keep pace with modernisation the
IEC is of the opinion that “greater
emphasis must be placed on vocational
subjects, science education and
research.”

20. 4. Social, Moral & SpiritualValues
i) The Central and State governments should adopt
measures to introduce education in moral, social and
spiritual values in all institutions under their direct control
on the lines recommended by the University Education
Commission on religious and moral instruction.
ii) In order to develop social, moral and religious values,
some periods should be provided in the time table.
Instruction of this type should be given by general
teachers.

21. 4. Social, Moral & SpiritualValues
iii) The University departments should be
specially concerned with the ways in which
these values can be taught wisely and
effectively and should undertake preparation
of the special literature for use by students
and teacher.

22. Suggestions
regarding
Structure of
Education

23. 1. Pre - Primary Education: 1-3 yrs
duration.
2. Junior Primary Education: 4-5 yrs
duration. (The minimum age for
admission in class – I should be 6
years.)
3. Senior Primary Education: 3-4 yrs
duration.
4. Secondary Education:
(i) Secondary Education (Gen) – 2 yrs
(ii) Secondary Education (Voc.)– 2-3 yrs

24. 5. Higher Secondary
(i) General: 2 yrs duration.
(ii) Vocational : 2-3 yrs duration.
6. Graduation
(i) General– 3 yrs duration
(ii) Engg. & Medical – 3-4 yrs
duration
7. Post Graduate: 2-3 yrs duration
8. Research work: 2-3 yrs duration

25. Special Mention
• Total duration of general education
(Primary & Secondary) should be
10 years.
• Total duration of Higher
Secondary Education should be 2
years. This System is popularly
known as (10+2+3)

26. Special Mention
• First public exam should be held
only on the completion of 10 years
of general education.

27. Suggestions Regarding School
Curriculum
Framework of the
curriculum of Pre-Primary
Education
◦Skill of eating & clothing
◦Cleanliness
◦Conversations & Social
Etiquettes
◦Sports & Games
◦Creative work

28. Suggestions Regarding School
Curriculum
 Framework of the curriculum of
Primary Education
◦ Mother Tongue (Regional Language)
◦ General Mathematics
◦ Study of Physical Environment
◦ Creative Activities
◦ Work Experience (Simple Handicraft)
◦ Social Service
◦ Health Education

29. Suggestions Regarding School
Curriculum
 Framework of the curriculum of
Junior Education
◦ Mother Tongue (Regional Language)
◦ Hindi or English
◦ Mathematics, Science, Social Studies
◦ Study of Physical Environment
◦ Education of moral & spiritual values
◦ Work Experience, Arts, sculpture
◦ Social Service
◦ Health Education

30. Suggestions Regarding School
Curriculum
 Framework of the curriculum of
Higher Secondary Education
◦ Two Languages
◦ History, Civics, Geography
◦ Logic, Psychology, Logic, Sociology
◦ Physics, Chemistry, Maths
◦ Biology, Geology, Home Science
◦ Work Experience, Arts, sculpture
◦ Social Service
◦ Health Education

31. Suggestions Regarding School
Curriculum
Revised three language
formula
◦Mother Tongue (Regional
Language)
◦National Language (Hindi or
English)
◦Any Modern Indian language /
Modern European language/
classical language

32. Teacher Status
 It is necessary to improve the
economic, social and professional
status of the teachers.
 The scale of pay of teachers of
Government and non- Government
schools should be the same.
 A State Board of Teachers’
Education should be established in
each state.

33. Teacher Status
Proper appointment and
promotion of teachers.
There should be equality in
service conditions of government
& non government school
teachers & working conditions
must be improved.

34. Teachers’ Education
End of isolation of teacher
education.
Improvement in professional
education.
Improvement in Training
institutes.
Expansion of training facilities

35. Teachers’ Education
• The period of training of teachers
with secondary course should be
two years. The course of M.Ed.
should be 1-1/2 years.
• The Teachers of the training
colleges should have two degrees
namely, the Master’s Degree and
Degree in Education
• The students of the training
institutions should be given free
education.

36. Equalities of Educational Opportunities
Two types of Inequalities-
Education of Boys & girls is
quite unequal in all aspects &
levels.
There was inequality between
progressive classes & backward
classes, untouchables, hill people
& tribal people.

37. Equalities of Educational Opportunities
Recommendations-
To provide free education.
To reduce educational expanses
Provision of scholarships
Schemes of scholarships by
different bodies of education at
state & national level.

38. Higher Education
Objectives of Universities
To discover new Knowledge.
To work for discovery of truth
fearlessly.
Eradication of social & cultural
differences.
Encouragement to equality &
Social justice.

39. Higher Education
Objectives of Universities
Work for cultivating national
consciousness.
To locate talented youth & assist
them in cultivating their abilities
and talents in different fields.
To construct able & trained
people.
To analyse ancient knowledge.

40. Higher Education
Recommendations-
Establishment of new
universities.
Establishment & development of
senior universities.
Establishment of new &
autonomous degree colleges.
Part-time & Correspondence
education.

41. Higher Education
Recommendations-
Revised curriculum at university
level
Reform in teaching at higher
level.
Improvement in Evaluation.
Medium of instruction.

42. Major Recommendations…
Common School System
Minimum scales of pay
for teachers
Retirement age
Maximum utilisation of
school facilities
College to be related to a
number of schools

43. Major Recommendations…
Free textbooks at the
primary stage
Adequate number of
scholarships
Residential facilities in
schools
Education of the
handicapped

44. Major Recommendations…
 Education of the backward classes
 Freedom to schools for
experimental curricula
 Establishment of school
complexes
 The Indian Education Service
 Co-curricular activities
 Guidance and counseling
 Evaluation

45. Evaluation of
National
Education
Commission

46. Merits of Kothari Commission
 Formulating the elements of policy
determinants : Suggested to spend 6%
in place of 2% of the central budget.
 Guidance to Educational Planners :
Explained importance of Educational
planning. The Planning should be
systematic, time bound, based on
available resources & future needs.

47. Merits of Kothari Commission
• Broad aims of education consistent
with time.
• Comprehensive thought on
primary education.
• Vocationalisation of secondary
education
• Timely recommendations for
Secondary Education

48. Merits of Kothari Commission
• Restriction on Expansion &
emphasis on upliftment of higher
education.
• Demand based vocational &
technical education.
• Science education & scientific
research.

49. Merits of Kothari Commission
• Raising the standard and security
of teacher and teacher education.
• Emphasis on agriculture &adult
education.
• Equality of educational
opportunity.

50. Demerits of Kothari Commission
• Ambiguous administration
• Jumbled structure of education.
• Defective formation of committee
• Defective language policy
• Superfluous recommendation
regarding educational &
vocational guidance at primary
level.
• Self contradictory views on
expansion of education