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1. LEADERSHIP AND MOTIVATION
MODULE 4

2. According to Hollander, “Leadership is a process of
influence between a leader and those who are followers.”
According to G R Terry “leadership is the ability of
influencing people to strive willingly for mutual objectives.”
According to Chester Barnard, “leadership is the ability of a
superior to influence the behavior of his subordinates and
persuade them to follow a particular course of action.”
LEADERSHIP(DEFINITIONS)

3. Leadership is the process of motivation other people to act in particular
ways in order to achieve specific goals.
Leadership is a willingness to accept responsibility, an ability to develop
three major skills (elicit the cooperation of others, listen well, place the
needs of others above your own needs) that can be acquires through
practice.
MEANING

4. Leadership is a set of skills and traits that can be learned and
worked on, yet the general perception is that good leaders are
scare because:
leader come in guises(typically concealing the true nature of
something.)
 leaders may rise only in response to a situation.
 leaders may be unwanted until needed.
 leaders may be mistaken for managers.
CONTD….

5. Procedure of influence
Ongoing activity
Comprehensive blend of art and science
Linked with circumstances
Tool for motivation
Sensible and passionate
Collective objectives
Mutual relationship
NATURE OF LEADERSHIP

6. Autocratic leadership style: He is also called as dictator/
one man show. Here the leader does not get involved with the
members of the team. He decides the policies and
procedures without discussing with his subordinates. He does
not provide information about future strategies but simply
gives instruction regarding the steps that are to be followed.
All the decisions are taken by the leaders only.
LEADERSHIP STYLES

7. Quick decision-making
Enhances productivity
Reduces stress
Helps in training new employee
Improves logistics of operations
ADVANTAGES OF
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
STYLE

8. Discourages followers development
Increases leader’s workload
Induces fear and anger
Increases dependency on leader
Results in frustration
Exploits people
DISADVANTAGES OF
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
STYLE

9. Under this style of leadership, the authority rested with the leader is decentralized.
Leader takes every decision in coordination with the team members. This style of
leadership is people-oriented and direct supervision of staff is not required. Here
employees are kept well informed about the policies and procedures. Instead of acting
as a leader, he considers himself as a member of the group. This leadership is also called
democratic leadership.
PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE

10. Enhanced acceptability of leader
Efficient utilization of team members knowledge
Fosters commitment among team members
Organizational politics is decreased
Increases professionalism
Decreases turnover rate
Improved work efficiency
ADVANTAGES

11. Leads to false impression about the leader
Excessive time consumption
Absence of accountability
May lead to pseudo participation
DISADVANTAGES

12. Free rein or laissez faire leadership style refers to a condition where leader does not lead
but leaves the major decisions on the group itself. All the goals are decided by the
group. The group members have to solve problems and motivate themselves. This style
is the inverse of autocratic leadership style. This style is adopted only when the
employees are capable and competent enough to handle the situations and take
corrective and positive decision in favor of the company.
FREE REIN LEADERSHIP STYLE

13. No restriction of order
Reduces leaders workload
Provides motivation to teams
ADVANTAGES

14. Increases burden on employees
Ownership issues
Direction of organization is lost
Conflict among followers increases
DISADVANTAGES

15. Inspiring
Problem-solving ability
Emotional stability
Understanding human behavior
Risk-taking ability
Commitment towards organizational objectives
LEADERSHIP SKILLS

16. Intelligence
Good personality
Prudence and vision
Responsibility
Trustworthy
Enthusiastic
Confident
CONTD….

17. Develops team spirit
Serves as linking pin
Provides guidance
Manages time
Exercises power
Improves efficiency
Motivates workers
FUNCTIONS OF LEADER

18. Boosting employees confidence
Establishment and integration of goals
Inculcating values within the organization
Increasing the efficiency of employees
IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP

19. Helping the highest authority
Building cordial organizational relations
Providing favorable working atmosphere
Creating a change for betterment
Fulfills corporate social responsibility

20. Matching individual concerns with organisational goals
Learn to sustain uncertainity
understand the leadership style first
Influence what one can change-oneself
Influence what one cannot change-others
LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE
THERE ARE FOLLOWING
METHODS WHICH CAN BE
UTILISED TO LEAD THE CHANGE
PROCESS:

21. Adopt and support change
Form a group of peers
Help others to cope with change
Promote interaction among peers

24. Trait Theories Behavioral theories Situational/continge
ncy theory
Contemporary
theories
Stogdill’s trait factor Managerial grid Fiedler’s
model/leadership
effectiveness model
Transformational
leadership
Ghiselli’s personal
traits
likert’s four systems situational leadership
model
transactional
leadership
Ohio state university
studies
Path-goal theory Charismatic leadership
Michigan studies Leadership
participation model
visionary leadership
Tannenbaum and
schmidt’s situational
continuum
LEADERSHIP THEORIES

25. Intelligence
Physical features
Inner motivation drive
Maturity
Vision and foresight
TRAIT THEORIES
1. STOGDILL’S THEORY

26. Acceptance of responsibility
Open-mindedness and adaptibility
self-confidence
human relations attitude
fairness of objectives

27. Supervisory ability
Need for occupational achivements
Intelligence
Decisivenesss
Self-assurance
Initiative
2. GHISELLI’S PERSONAL TRAITS

29. According to Dalton E McFarland, “Motivation refers to the way in which
urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings or needs direct, control or explain
the behavior of human beings.”
According to stephen Robbins, “Motivation is the willingness to exert high
level of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort and
ability to satisfy some individual need.”
MOTIVATION

30. Direction
Intensity
persistence
ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION

31. Motive
Behavior
Goal
Tension reduction
PROCESS OF MOTIVATION

32. Positive and negative motivation
Rational and emotional motivation
Primary and secondary motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Financial and non-financial motivation
TYPES OF MOTIVATION

33. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

44. VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY