the presentation is about the legislative process to make a law in india under article 107 and 108 of constitution of india.

1. LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURE
AN ORDINARY BILL ARTS
Rajat Dixit
B.A.LLB ‘Hons.’ III sem sec B
R45022447

2. Procedure relating to an ordinary bill in the
Union Parliament
• 107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.-
• (1) Subject to the provisions of articles 109 and 117 with
respect to Money Bills and other financial Bills, a Bill may
originate in either House of Parliament.
• (2) Subject to the provisions of articles 108 and 109, a
Bill shall not be deemed to have been passed by the
Houses of Parliament unless it has been agreed to by
both Houses, either without amendment or with such
amendments only as are agreed to by both Houses.

3. • (3) A Bill pending in Parliament shall not lapse by reason
of the prorogation of the Houses.
• (4) A Bill pending in the Council of States which has not
been passed by the House of the People shall not lapse
on a dissolution of the House of the People.
• (5) A Bill which is pending in the House of the People, or
which having been passed by the House of the People is
pending in the Council of States, shall, subject to the
provisions of article 108, lapse on a dissolution of the
House of the People.

4. HOW A BILL BECOMES AN ACT
• Legislative proposals are brought before either house of
the Parliament of India in the form of a bill. A bill is the
draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by
both houses of Parliament and assented to by
the President, becomes an Act of Parliament.
• A Bill is the draft of a legislative proposal. It has to
pass through various stages before it becomes an Act
of Parliament.

5. First Reading
• The legislative process starts with the introduction of a
Bill in either House of Parliament—Lok Sabha or Rajya
Sabha.
• Bill can be introduced either by a Minister or by a
private member. In the former case it is known as a
Government Bill and in the latter case it is known as a
Private Member’s Bill.
• It is necessary for a member-in-charge of the Bill to ask
for leave to introduce the Bill. If leave is granted by the
House, the Bill is introduced.

6. • If the motion for leave to introduce a Bill is opposed, the
Speaker may, in his discretion, allow brief explanatory
statement to be made by the member who opposes the
motion and the member-in-charge who moved the
motion.
• Where a motion for leave to introduce a Bill is opposed
on the ground that the Bill initiates legislation outside the
legislative competence of the House, the Speaker may
permit a full discussion thereon.
• Thereafter, the question is put to the vote of the
House. However, the motion for leave to introduce a
Finance Bill or an Appropriation Bill is forthwith put to the
vote of the House.

7. Publication in Gazette
• After a Bill has been introduced, it is published in the
Official Gazette. Even before introduction, a Bill might,
with the permission of the Speaker, be published in the
Gazette.
• In such cases, leave to introduce the Bill in the House is
not asked for and the Bill is straightaway introduced.

8. Reference of Bill to Standing
Committee
• After a Bill has been introduced, Presiding Officer of the
concerned House can refer the Bill to the concerned
Standing Committee for examination and make report
thereon.
• If a Bill is referred to Standing Committee, the
Committee shall consider the general principles and
clauses of the Bill referred to them and make report
thereon. The Committee can also take expert opinion or
the public opinion who are interested in the measure.
After the Bill has thus been considered, the Committee
submits its report to the House. The report of the
Committee, being of persuasive value shall be treated
as considered advice given by the Committees.

9. Second Reading
• The Second Reading consists of consideration of the Bill
which is in two stages.
• First Stage: The first stage consists of general discussion on
the Bill as a whole when the principle underlying the Bill is
discussed. At this stage it is open to the House to refer the Bill
to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of
the two Houses or to circulate it for the purpose of eliciting
opinion thereon or to straightaway take it into consideration.
• If a Bill is referred to a Select/Joint Committee, the Committee
considers the Bill clause-by-clause just as the House does.
Amendments can be moved to the various clauses by
members of the Committee. The Committee can also take
evidence of associations, public bodies or experts who are
interested in the measure.

10. • After the Bill has thus been considered, the Committee
submits its report to the House which considers the Bill
again as reported by the Committee. If a Bill is circulated
for the purpose of eliciting public opinion thereon, such
opinions are obtained through the Governments of the
States and Union Territories. Opinions so received are
laid on the Table of the House and the next motion in
regard to the Bill must be for its reference to a
Select/Joint Committee. It is not ordinarily permissible
at this stage to move the motion for consideration of the
Bill.

11. • Second Stage: The second stage of the Second Reading
consists of clause-by-clause consideration of the Bill as
introduced or as reported by Select/Joint Committee.
• Discussion takes place on each clause of the Bill and
amendments to clauses can be moved at this stage.
Amendments to a clause have been moved but not
withdrawn are put to the vote of the House before
the relevant clause is disposed of by the House. The
amendments become part of the Bill if they are accepted
by a majority of members present and voting. After
the clauses, the Schedules if any, clause 1, the
Enacting Formula and the Long Title of the Bill have been
adopted by the House, the Second Reading is deemed to
be over.

12. Third Reading
• Thereafter, the member-in-charge can move that the Bill
be passed. This stage is known as the Third Reading of
the Bill. At this stage the debate is confined to arguments
either in support or rejection of the Bill without referring
to the details thereof further than that are absolutely
necessary. Only formal, verbal or consequential
amendments are allowed to be moved at this stage. In
passing an ordinary Bill, a simple majority of members
present and voting is necessary. But in the case of a Bill
to amend the Constitution, a majority of the total
membership of the House and a majority of not less than
two-thirds of the members present and voting is required
in each House of Parliament.

13. Bill in the other House
• After the Bill is passed by one House, it is sent to the
other House for concurrence with a message to that
effect, and there also it goes through the stages
described above except the introduction stage.

14. Withdrawal of Bills
• The Minister-in-charge of a Bill, who has introduced the Bill
in Lok Sabha, may at any stage of the Bill move for leave
to withdraw the Bill on the ground that:
• (a) the legislative proposal contained in the Bill is to be
dropped; or
• (b) the Bill is to be replaced subsequently by a new Bill
which substantially alters the provisions contained therein;
or
• (c) a Bill is to be replaced subsequently by another Bill
which includes all or any of its provisions in addition to
other provisions.
• and if such leave is granted, no further motion is made with
reference to the Bill.

15. Joint Sitting
• 108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.-
• (1) If after a Bill has been passed by one House and transmitted
to the other House-
• (a) the Bill is rejected by the other House; or
• (b) the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to
be made in the Bill; or
• (c) more than six months elapse from the date of the reception of
the Bill by the other House without the Bill being passed by it, the
President may, unless the Bill has elapsed by reason of a
dissolution of the House of the People, notify to the Houses by
message if they are sitting or by public notification if they are not
sitting, his intention to summon them to meet in a joint sitting for
the purpose of deliberating and voting on the Bill: Provided that
nothing in this clause shall apply to a Money Bill.

16. • (2) In reckoning any such period of six months as is
referred to in clause (1), no account shall be taken of any
period during which the House referred to in sub-clause
(c) of that clause is prorogued or adjourned for more
than four consecutive days.
• (3) Where the President has under clause (1) notified his
intention of summoning the Houses to meet in a joint
sitting, neither House shall proceed further with the Bill,
but the President may at any time after the date of his
notification summon the Houses to meet in a joint sitting
for the purpose specified in the notification and, if he
does so, the Houses shall meet accordingly.

17. • (4) If at the joint sitting of the two Houses the Bill, with
such amendments, if any, as are agreed to in joint
sitting, is passed by a majority of the total number of
members of both Houses present and voting, it shall be
deemed for the purposes of this Constitution to have
been passed by both Houses: Provided that at a joint
sitting-
• (a) if the Bill, having been passed by one House, has not
been passed by the other House with amendments and
returned to the House in which it originated, no
amendment shall be proposed to the Bill other than such
amendments (if any) as are made necessary by the
delay in the passage of the Bill;

18. • (b) if the Bill has been so passed and returned, only such
amendments as aforesaid shall be proposed to the Bill
and such other amendments as are relevant to the
matters with respect to which the Houses have not
agreed; and the decision of the person presiding as to
the amendments which are admissible under this clause
shall be final.
• (5) A joint sitting may be held under this article and a Bill
passed thereat, notwithstanding that a dissolution of the
House of the People has intervened since the President
notified his intention to summon the Houses to meet
therein.

19. • If a Bill passed by one House is rejected by the other
House, or the Houses have finally disagreed as to the
amendments to be made in the Bill, or more than six
months lapse from the date of receipt of the Bill by the
other House without the Bill being passed by it, the
President may, unless the Bill has lapsed by reason of
dissolution of Lok Sabha, call a Joint sitting of the two
Houses to resolve the deadlock.
• The President, after consultation with the Chairman, Rajya
Sabha and the Speaker, Lok Sabha, has made the Houses
of Parliament (Joint Sitting and Communications) Rules in
terms of clause (3) of article 118 of the Constitution to
regulate the procedure with regard to Joint sitting of the
Houses.

20. • The Bill is deemed to have been passed by both the
Houses in the form it is passed by a majority ofthe total
number of members of both the Houses present and voting
at the Joint sitting.
• The Constitution empowers the President to take steps for
resolving a deadlock on a Bill between the two Houses but
it is not obligatory upon him to summon the Houses to
meet at a Joint Sitting. However, once the President has
notified his intention to summon the Houses for a Joint
Sitting, even the subsequent dissolution of Lok Sabha does
not stand in the way of proceeding with the Bill. There is no
time limit as to when the Joint Sitting should take place. It
may take place at any time subsequent to the notification.

21. Assent of the President
• The Secretariat of the House which is last in possession of a
Bill initiates action for obtaining the assent of the President
thereon. In the case of a Money Bill or a Bill passed at a Joint
sitting of the Houses, the Lok Sabha Secretariat obtains the
assent of the President. The Bill becomes an Act after the
President’s assent has been given.
• The President can give his assent or withhold his assent to a
Bill. The President can also return the Bill, if it is not a Money
Bill, with his recommendations to the Houses for
reconsideration, and if the Houses pass the Bill again with or
without amendments, the President can not withhold his
assent to a such a Bill. The President is bound to give his
assent to a Constitution Amendment Bill presented to him
for assent.

22. References
• http://www.constitution.org/cons/india/p05107.html
• http://www.constitution.org/cons/india/p05108.html
• http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/abstract/legislative_proce
ss.htm
• http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/p5.htm
• Mahendra P. Singh, Constitution of India
• P.M. Bakshi, Constitution of India