Solar energy and its types

1. SOLAR ENERGY
PRESENT BY RAJEEV KUMAR

2. SUN
The main source of solar energy is the
sun.
Energy is produced by nuclear fusion in
the core region through a series of
steps called proton-proton in the
surface of the sun.
This process convert hydrogen into
helium and massive light and heat
energy.

3. What is solar energy ?
 Solar energy is the energy received by the earth from the sun. This energy is in the
form of solar radiations which makes the production of solar electricity possible.
 Out of all emitted by sun only a small fraction of energy is absorbed by the earth.
 This energy consist of radiant light and heat energy from the sun.

4. Types of solar energy
Passive solar energy
Active solar energy
Photovoltaic solar energy
Solar thermal energy
Concentrated solar power

5. Passive solar energy
 Passive solar energy is a method in which solar energy is a harnessed in its
direct form without using any mechanical devices.
 Drying clothes in daylight is an example of using solar energy passively.

6. Active solar energy
The active solar energy employs mechanical or electrical equipment for
functioning and increase system efficiency.
Water pumps are used to circulate water through an active solar energy water
heating system.
Some application of active solar energy which can be very useful to all of us.
Active solar heating
Active solar pool heating
Active solar space heating

7. Active solar heating is a method of heating with solar energy that requires mechanical
power, such as pumps and fans, to circulate heat from solar collectors. A common solar
collector is the flat-plate collector. It has a black metal plate in a box with a glass cover. Tubes
filled with a liquid lie on the metal plate and are connected to pipes that carry the liquid
through a building. The black metal plate absorbs heat from sunlight and heats the liquid in
the tubes. A pump moves the heated liquid through a pipe, which runs through a container of
water called a heat exchanger. Here the heat from the hot fluid in the pipe is transferred to
the water. The cooler water in the pipe is then pumped back to the collector where it is
reheated. The hot water in the heat exchanger is transferred to a storage tank for later use
and cooler water is pumped into the exchanger to be heated. The hot water in the storage
tank is pumped through pipes to different parts of the house including faucets and heaters. In
a heater, some of the thermal energy of the water is lost as infrared radiation and some is
lost as heat is transferred by conduction to the air surrounding the heater. The heated air
transfers heat throughout the room by convection.

8. Homes with active solar energy systems for space heating use mechanical equipment such as
pumps, fans, and blowers to help with the collection, storage, and distribution of heat throughout the
house.
Active solar space heating systems use solar collectors to capture the Sun's energy. There are two
basic types of active solar heating systems based on the type of fluid heated inside the solar
collector: liquid systems and air systems.
ACTIVE SOLAR SPACE HEATING

9. Active
solar
pool
heating
Active solar
heating

10. Photovoltaics
 Converting solar energy directly into electrical energy.
 Devices used are called as solar panels.
 Solar panels is a group of solar cells.
 Solar cell work on the principle of photoelectric effect.

11. Solar thermal energy
 Solar thermal technologies involves harvesting energy from the sun for
heating water or producing electrical power.
 Solar plates are used for this purpose.
 Three types:-
 Flate-plate collector.
 Evacuted-tube collector.
 Integrated collector storage system

12. Concentrated solar power
 CSP is a power generations technology that uses mirrors or lenses to
concentrate the sun’s rays and , that heat a fluid and produce steam.
 The steam drives a turbines and generate power in the same way as
conventional power plant.
 Other concept are being explored and not all future CSP plant will necessarily
use a steam cycle.

13. Solar power is concentrated in various
ways
 There are now several devices and structures created which focus and
Concentrate solar power.
 Solar parabolic troughs
 Stiriling dish
 Solar power Tower
 The linear Frensel Reflector

14. Structure of a solar cell
 A typical solar cell is a multi-layered unit consisting of a:-
 Cover :- A clear glass or plastic layers that provides outer protection from the
element. Transparent Adhesive- holds the glass to the rest of the solar cell.
 Anti-reflective coating:- This substance is designed to prevent the light that
strikes the cell from bouncing off so that maximum energy is absorbed into
the cell.

15. The type of solar electric system
 The stand alone system
 Standalone, or off- grid, solar power system consist of solar panels and a
battery bank.
 Used in rural areas and region where there is no acess to the utility grid.
 Very good at giving economical electricity.

16. Grid- Tie solar system
 Very useful for homes that are already linked to the utility grid.
 Primary advantage is the cheap price of utility,
 The system needs to be wired with an inverter that creates as electricity,
which is needed for linking to the utility grid.

17. Commerical use of solar energy
 On an office building, roof area can be covered with solar panel.
 Remote building such as school, communities can make use of solar energy.
 In developing country This solar panel are very much useful.
 Even on highways, for every 5 kilometer solar telephones are used

18. THE END