Green Building

“GREEN BUILDING”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
of the degree of
B.Sc. (Construction Practices)
By
RISHHIKESH CHHEDILAL GUPTA
Basic Construction Practices
PRN No. 2015017003048191
SUPERVISOR
Prof. SANTOSH THORAT
CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT
YASHWANTRO CHAVAN MAHARASHTRA
OPEN UNIVERSITY
NASHIK
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled “GREEN BUILDING” is a
bonafide work of “RISHIKESH CHHEDILAL GUPTA” submitted to
the University of Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open
University, Nashik in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of the degree of B.Sc. (construction Practices) in “Basic
construction Practices”.
(Prof. SANTOSH THORAT)
Supervisor/Guide
(Er. SURYAOM TIWARI) (Mr. PARVEZ IRANI)
Head of Department Dean
2

Seminar Approval for Master of
Engineering
This Dissertation I “GREEN BUILDING” by RISHIKESH
CHHEDILAL UPTA is approved for the degree of B.Sc.
(Construction Practices).
Examiners
1.
2.
Date: 10th
May 2017
Place: Dahanu
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Declaration
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my
own words and where others' ideas or words have been included, I
have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also
declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty
and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified
any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any
violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which
have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission
has not been taken when needed.
-----------------------------------------
(Signature)
RISHIKESH CHHEDILAL GUPTA
Date: 10TH
May 2017
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Abstract:
India is experiencing an incredible growth in the construction and real
estate industry. Due to this rise in the construction sector raised many
issues related to the environment and sustainability. As per economic
policy forum, in its report mentioned that in India the energy
consumption in buildings is for heating, ventilation and air
Conditioner accounts for between 45% and 65% of total electricity
consumption. Another study states that the construction sector of
India emits about 22% of the total annual emission of CO2 which is
very harmful for the environment. So to handle the adverse situation a
new and important concept is emerging in India that is Green
Building. So this article gives you the understanding about the green
buildings, How the green building get rating from the rating agencies,
Importance of green buildings, and examples of some companies and
organization that are taking the advantage of green wave and is
flourishing.
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INDEX
SR.
NO.
PARTICULARS PAGES
NO.
1.0 INTRODUCTION 7
1.1 KEY ATTRIBUTES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING 8
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING 8
1.3 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPALES 8
1.4 STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY 8
1.5 ENERGY EFFICIENCY 8
1.6 WATER EFFICIENCY 8
1.7 MATERIAL EFFICIENCY 8
1.8 WASTE AND REDUCTION 8
1.9 INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCI 9
2.0 GREEN BUILDINGS PROJECTIN INDIA 9
2.1 DIFFERENT FROM OTHER BUILDINDS 10
3.0 BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING 10
3.1 ENVIORNMENTAL BENEFITS 10
3.2 ECONOMIC BENEFITS 10
3.4 SOCIAL BENEFITS 11
4.0 SUSTAINABILITY 11
4.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCAIL
CPOMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY
11
4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 12
4.3 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY 13
4.5 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 14
4.6 FINAL THOUGHTS 15
5 WHAT IS A GREEN BUIDING? 15
6 WHY GO GREEN? 16
7 DOES GOING GREEN REALLY COST MORE? 17
8 BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING 18
9 THE GOAL OF GREEN BUILDING 19
10 14 TIPS FOR SUCCESS IN GREEN BUILDING 20-24
11 GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT 25
12 NEW GREEN BUILDINGS 25
13 SCOPE 26
14 CERTIFICATION LEVELS 27-28
15 CONCLSION 29
16 REFERENCES 30
INTRODUCTION
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Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands
and complements the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort.
• A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency,
conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space for
occupants as compared to conventional buildings.
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers
to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to
design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In other
words, green building design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and
the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the
architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building
practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy,
utility, durability, and comfort.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for
the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council. Other certificates system that
confirms the sustainability of buildings is the British BREEAM (Building Research
Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) for buildings and large scale
developments. Currently, World Green Building Council is conducting research on
the effects of green buildings on the health and productivity of their users and is
working with World Bank to promote Green Buildings in Emerging Markets through
EDGE Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies Market Transformation Program
and certification.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current
practices in creating greener structures, the common objective of green buildings is to
reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:
• Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
• Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to
focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics
include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as
meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't
address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do, especially
through public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment. Green construction
principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.
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A 2009 report by the U.S. General Services Administration found 12 sustainably-
designed buildings that cost less to operate and have excellent energy
performance. In addition, occupants were overall more satisfied with the
building than those in typical commercial buildings. These are eco-friendly
buildings.
KEY ATTRIBUTES OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDING
• Consideration of sustainability aspects in all phases of building design and planning
• Use of healthy and environmentally friendly building materials and products
• Use of efficient systems • Use of constructions and systems which are easy to
maintain and service
• High aesthetic and urban design quality; high public acceptance
OBJECTIVES OF GREEN BUILDING :-
Green Buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact on human health and the
natural environment by the following ways:
• Using energy, water and other resources efficiently.
• By reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES :- Structure design efficiency Energy efficiency
Water efficiency Materials efficiency Waste and toxic reduction
STRUCTURE EFFICIENCY :- Shading the roof with trees offers an eco-friendly
alternative to air conditioning.¬ The layout of the construction can be strategized so
that natural light pours for additional warmth. ¬ It aims to minimize the environment
impact associated with all life-cycles.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY: It is the concept of sustainable building and has largest
impact on cost and performance.
WATER EFFICIENCY :- To minimize water consumption one should aim to use
the water which has been collected, used, purified and reused.
MATERIAL EFFICIENCY :- What may be waste to us may have another benefit to
something else.¬It is probable to reuse resources. ¬An example of this are solar
power panels, not only they provide lightening but they are also a useful energy
source.
WASTE AND REDUCTION :- Materials should be use that can be recycled and
can generate surplus amount of energy.
INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCI :- The Indian Green Building Council
(IGBC) was formed in the year 2001 by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).
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The aim of the council is to bring green building movement in India and facilitate
India to become one of the global leaders in green buildings by 2015.
“Platinum to recognise global leadership‟ :- “Gold to recognise national excellence.‟
”Silver to recognise outstanding performance.‟
“Certified to recognise best practices.‟ ¬ IGBC RATING SYSTEM • IGBC has
developed green building rating programmes to cover commercial, residential, factory
buildings, etc. • Each rating system divided into different levels of certification are as
follows:
GREEN BUILDINGS PROJECT IN INDIA :-
1. Suzlon Energy Limited-Pune Biodiversity
2. Conservation India-Bangalore Olympia Technology Park-Chennai ITC
3. Green Centre-Gurgaon
4. The Druk White Lotus School-Ladakh
5. Doon School-Dehradun Raintree
6. Hotels-Chennai Nokia-Gurgaon
7. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad
8. Hiranandini-BG House, Powai ABN Amro Bank
9. Chennai Palais Royale at Worli
10.Mumbai Punjab Forest Complex, Mohali
SUZLON ENERGY LIMITED, PUNE :- One Earth can be counted as among the
largest green building projects in India. LEED certified it as “PLATINUM” and it is
built on an area of 10.13acres. Several accolades continue to shower upon Suzlon’s
global headquarter in Pune “One Earth”.
RAJIV GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HYDERABAD :- This green
building ensures optimal use of natural light and minimal wastage of electricity or
energy consumption.¬ First airport in Asia to be certified with „SILVER‟ rating.
India’s first Greenfield airport is undeniably among the top 10 green buildings in
India.
NOKIA-GURGAON :- Its smart lighting, heat recovery wheel and high efficiency
chillers makes this office stand out from the rest.¬ „GOLD‟ rated building by LEED.
SOME IMAGES OF GREEN BUILDINGS
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DIFFERENT FROM OTHER BUILDINGS :-
The design, maintenance and construction of buildings have tremendous effect on our
environment and natural resources.
Green Building is different from the other buildings because it use a minimum
amount of non renewable energy, produce minimal pollution, increases the comfort,
health and safety of the people who work in them.
It also minimize the waste in construction by recovering materials and reusing or
recycling them.
INCREASING GREEN BUILDINGS IN INDIA :- Today more than 1053 green
buildings (as on April 2011) are being constructed all over India, of which 147 green
buildings are certified and fully functional.
BENEFITS OF GREEN BUILDING :- Buildings have a large effect on the
environment, human health and the economy.
• The successful adoption of GREEN BUILDING development can maximize both
the economic and environmental performance of the buildings
ENVIORNMENTAL BENEFITS :- Protect biodiversity and ecosystems Improve
air and water quality Reduce waste streams Conserve natural resources
ECONOMIC BENEFITS :- Reduce operating costs
• Create, expand, and shape markets for green product and services
• Improve occupant productivity
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SOCIAL BENEFITS :- Enhance occupant comfort and health. Heighten aesthetic
qualities. Minimize strain on local infrastructure. Improve overall quality of life.
The Environmental, Economic, and Social Components of
Sustainability
It seems like every other day we hear someone talk about sustainability. Sustainability
can be broadly defined as “meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. When it
comes to describing sustainability in our world, we need to be concerned about three
main areas of influence. There are three interconnected spheres of sustainability that
describe the relationships between the environmental, economic, and social aspects of
our world. These spheres are a related set of concepts that, when taken together, can
form a solid ground from which major decisions and actions can be made. Examples
of such decisions could include land use planning, surface water management,
building design and construction, and even law making. When the concepts contained
in the three spheres of sustainability are applied to real world situations, everybody
wins. Natural resources are preserved, the environment is protected, the economy isn't
harmed, and the quality of life for our people is improved or maintained. Below is a
diagram showing the three spheres and how they are related.
Reference link:- (https://usercontent2.hubstatic.com/5581147_f1024.jpg)
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Basically what this is saying is that nearly everything we do or plan to do, has an
effect on the sustainability of the human race.
Environmental Sustainability
In a truly sustainable environment, an ecosystem would maintain populations,
biodiversity, and overall functionality over an extended period of time. Ideally,
decisions that are made should promote equilibrium within our natural systems and
seek to encourage positive growth. Unnecessary disturbances to the environment
should be avoided whenever possible. If there is a disturbance, it should be mitigated
to the maximum practicable extent. When decisions are made, one part of the
discussion should always be the environmental impacts of the proposed outcome or
result.
There are several items that are directly related to environmental sustainability. One
of the concepts that is of the utmost importance is the proper management of our
natural resources. Using the Z-squared approach to sustainability, we can minimize
our impacts to the environment. In some cases we can even promote habitat
restoration and preservation as means to negotiate a successful solution to a problem.
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Economic Sustainability
Similar to environmental sustainability, economic sustainability involves creating
economic value out of whatever project or decision you are undertaking. Economic
sustainability means that decisions are made in the most equitable and fiscally sound
way possible while considering the other aspects of sustainability. In most cases,
projects and decisions must be made with the long term benefits in mind (rather than
just the short term benefits). Keep in mind that when only the economic aspects of
something are considered, it may not necessarily promote true sustainability.
For many people in the business world, economic sustainability or growth their main
focal point. On the large scale (globally or even locally), this narrow-minded
approach to management of a business can ultimately lead to unsatisfactory results.
However, when good business practices are combined with the social and
environmental aspects of sustainability, you can still have a positive result that is for
the greater good of humanity.
There are several key ideas that make up economic sustainability. For example,
governments should look to promoting "smart growth" through no-nonsense land use
planning and subsidies or tax breaks for green development. Strong financial support
for universities, education programs, and research & development is an important part
of economic sustainability as well. In addition to this, an emphasis should also be
placed on other areas such as reducing unnecessary spending and cutting red tape.
Reference:- (https://usercontent2.hubstatic.com/5581187_f260.jpg)
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Social Sustainability
Social sustainability is based on the concept that a decision or project promotes the
betterment of society. In general, future generations should have the same or greater
quality of life benefits as the current generation do. This concept also encompasses
many things such as human rights, environmental law, and public involvement &
participation. Failing to put emphasis on the social part of decision or action can result
in the slow collapse of the spheres of sustainability (and society as well).
One great example of social sustainability is the passing of the Clean Water Act in
1972 (and amendments in 1977) and the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974. Overall,
these sets of laws were great pieces of legislation that set minimum water quality
standards for both surface and drinking water. This had the effect of positively
promoting the health and well-being of everyone in America. The clean water act also
served to protect our nation's water supply by making it essentially illegal to discharge
pollutants in adjacent rivers, lakes, and streams. This period of time in our nation also
saw many other improvements in our environmental laws. All of these laws (and other
factors as well) lead to the overall betterment of society for Americans. The graph
below illustrates the correlation between the passing of this kind of legislation and the
average life expectancy for citizens of the United States.
It's interesting to point out here that there seems to be a correlation between when
these important environmental laws were passed and the average life expectancy of
Americans.
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Final Thoughts
For many people, the main concern in their lives is their overall well being and quality
of life. Think about how this relates to the economy and the environment. In a poor
economy, people experience a poor quality of life. The same also holds true for a poor
environment. In a poor environment, the impacts on quality of life are not always
easily observable. However, it doesn't take a trained individual to see how things such
as polluted, storm-water runoff, over-development of floodplains, and the poor
management of our scarce resources can have an affect on our everyday quality of
life. The three spheres of sustainability encompass many concepts which explain how
decisions and actions can have an impact on the overall sustainability of our world.
AFFECT ON NATURAL RESOURCES
• According to surveys conducted in 2006, 107.3 million acres of total land area is
developed, which represents an increase of 24 percent land covering green buildings
over the past 3 years.
• In terms of energy, buildings accounted for 39.4 percent of total energy consumption
and 67.9 percent of total electricity consumption.
START THINKING GREEN
What Is a Green Building?
This day and age, you hear everyone talking about going green. Whether you want to
admit it or not, at some point everyone will have to follow with the green movement.
This is because at the rate we are going, the earth is simply not sustainable. That
means that over the years, we will begin to run out of certain natural resources that are
needed in order for us to survive. That is alarming to some people, which is why there
are so many people that focus on green building. But, what exactly is green building?
Lets take a closer look at what it is, why you should consider it, and what the goals of
a green building are. You are sure to find that it is something that you should take part
in.
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Reference link : (http://businessfeed.sunpower.com/articles/written-what-is-a-green-
building)
Defining a Green Building
First, we will take a look at what a green building is. Some people may think of a
green, or sustainable building as just a building that doesn’t really have as bad of
an impact on the environment as another ‘average’ building. Other people may find
it to be the type of building, and the actual surroundings of the building.
Reference link : (http://businessfeed.sunpower.com/articles/written-what-is-a-green-
building)
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The ideal green building would be a building project that would allow you to
preserve most of the natural environment around the project site, while still being
able to produce a building that is going to serve a purpose .The construction and
operation will promote a healthy environment for all involved, and it will not disrupt
the land, water, resources and energy in and around the building. This is the actual
definition of a green building.
The U.S. EPA says “Green building is the practice of creating structures and using
processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a
building’s life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical
building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building
is also known as a sustainable or high performance building.”
Why Go Green?
Now, let us take a look at why it is so important to go green. Most people will find
when going green that they are able to reduce their carbon footprint and actually lend
a helping hand to the environment. You can go green in a variety of different ways,
but builders and construction workers must do their part as well. If you haven’t begun
going green, then you will find that there are a variety of different things that you can
do to help you get started. You don’t have to jump in head first, and you can actually
take some baby steps along the way. Green buildings are designed in such a way to
reduce overall impact on environment and human health by:
1. Reducing trash, pollution and degradation of environment.
2. Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.
3. Protecting occupant health and improving productivity.
Does Going Green Really Cost More?
Some people feel that they just can’t go green because it will cost them more money,
but that is really a common misconception. While it may cost you a bit more to get
started when you are going green, because green materials and products can be more
costly, you really have to consider the type of savings that you will be able to reap.
You will be able to save on energy costs, because going green also means conserving
energy. You should really look at the green building as more of an investment than
anything else. An investment that will be able to save you money, as well as an
investment that will be able to help the environment! It is a win-win situation for
everyone.
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Reference link :- (http://www.blogcdn.com/www.coolage.in/media/2013/08/green-
building1.jpg)
Benefits of Green Building
With new technologies constantly being developed to complement current practices in
creating greener structures, the benefits of green building can range from
environmental to economic to social. By adopting greener practices, we can take
maximum advantage of environmental and economic performance. Green
construction methods when integrated while design and construction provide most
significant benefits. Benefits of green building include:
Environmental Benefits:
• Reduce wastage of water
• Conserve natural resources
• Improve air and water quality
• Protect biodiversity and ecosystems
Economic Benefits:
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• Reduce operating costs
• Improve occupant productivity
• Create market for green product and services
Social Benefits:
• Improve quality of life
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure
• Improve occupant health and comfort
The Goals of Green Building
Now, we should consider the goals of green building. Of course, one of the main
goals is to make the earth more sustainable, but it really does go deeper than that.
When you decide to go green, your goal will be to actually help to sustain the
environment without disrupting the natural habitats around it. When you start a
building project, and you disrupt the natural habitats around it, you can actually
make an impact in the wildlife and environment that will be much like a butterfly
effect. Even the smallest changes that you can make will help to promote a better
planet earth, and a better place for us all to live- not just us humans, but also the
plants and wildlife that take up their residence here on earth as well.
As you can see, green building is something that everyone should really jump on to.
If you don’t plan to rebuild your home, then you may just want to make a few green
changes within your home to ensure that you are able to get the goals that you want
out of it. You can cut down on your energy usage, save money, and make a big
impact on the environment. You will find that it isn’t as hard as people make it out to
be, and you will feel better about yourself when you go green too.
Objective
• Green building are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built
environment on human health and the natural environment by:
• Efficiently using energy, water and other resources.
• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity.
• Reducing waste, pollution and environment degradation.
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14 Tips for Success in Green Building
The secret to success in the green building industry is simple: Ask as many
questions as you possibly can. Cultivating a “go-to” list of experts of whom
you can ask these questions is a corollary to that tip. These folks may often
have a specific and narrow area of expertise. Others may have something
special — experience.
The late Hall of Fame baseball legend Yogi Berra said, “You don’t know what
you don’t know.” Often, the most expensive lessons are those that result from
what you didn’t know. Another, sage piece of advice comes from Admiral
Hyman G. Rickover: “Learn from the mistakes of others, since you will not live
long enough to make them all yourself.”
What follows is a list of 14 tips, tricks of the trade, and hidden traps to avoid
when working on green buildings, energy efficiency, and facility management
in general.
1. Green buildings are like a chain. The first link is the source of raw
ingredients followed by manufacturing or construction, operations, and end of
life. Your project is only as green as the weakest link in this chain. Ask for full
transparency. This includes Environmental Product Disclosures (EPDs), and
Health Product Declarations (HPDs). If your request isn’t met, ask why.
2. Follow the leaders. Geisinger Health System has been able to “bend the
cost curve” to lower utility costs consistently, and improve the bottom line. The
Geisinger Medical Center has earned a perfect score of 100 from the EPA’s
Energy Star program. This has lowered operating costs over $10 million a
year, and costs are forecast to decline even further. Despite adding more
square footage, here’s how:
a. Choose low-risk energy conservation projects first.
b. Always install the most efficient system available.
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c. Carry out some sort of energy project every year to show progress in
creating additional savings.
d. Invest in modernizing oldest systems first.
3. Hold the construction and design chain accountable for the operating results
of a facility by re-writing their contracts. If you are not part of the process of
setting the standards and requirements for your new building, you are at the
mercy of the general contractor and others trying to squeeze dollars out of the
construction process. Ensure that those technologies that can reduce your
facility’s operating costs do not get “value engineered” out of the bids.
4. Evaluate the person as thoroughly as the product or service. A job title doesn’t
fully describe knowledge, skills, and ability. Take, for example, a person
whose title is director, healthcare market development. After a little digging,
you learn he was responsible for facilities at one of the nation’s largest
healthcare providers. Dig deeper and you discover that before being involved
in the design, construction, and operations of healthcare facilities, he was a
doctor and a combat medic. This is a person worth listening to.
5. Master the art of explaining the financial consequences of facility decisions to
C-Suite level executives. Often, the reason projects do not get approved is the
failure to tell senior management the negative economic consequences of not
approving them. If you lack this skill, invest the time to learn from a peer with
a track record of getting projects funded, or enroll in a class taught by an
experienced practitioner.
Additional tricks of the trade in using green strategies include getting safety
experts involved early, troubleshooting installation issues early, and ensuring
that important instructions are carefully followed.
6. Price is not the same as cost. Too many people in this industry fail to consider
all costs associated with a specification or product purchase. A good example
of this truism is air filters. If you spend $100 on inexpensive pre-filters, the
energy costs of pushing air through these filters can range from $400 to $700
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a year. But, if you used a high-quality, energy-efficient air filter at twice the
price ($200), you could cut your energy costs in half, pay for your filters, and
still save money.
7. Get your fire and life safety experts involved early. Far too often projects go
through concept, programming, and sometimes schematic design without
having the fire and life safety experts on board to review the plans. Design
issues identified at this late stage are expensive for the architect and the client
because it typically requires reworking the floor plan or the program layout.
Early engagement can be as simple as a few concept meetings to look at
egress plans, existing conditions, occupancy concerns, effects of multiple
codes of record on the project, and separation. Considering, especially, how
aspects of green building complement (or, in some cases, are detriments to)
fire and life safety planning is crucial.
8. Never forget that you are responsible for people’s lives. Don’t let the focus on
green strategies distract you from some basic principles. For example, be
aggressive when it comes to managing fire and smoke barriers — set up a
barrier management protocol (BMP) with a standard operating practice for
permitting anyone entering a fire and smoke barrier. Your BMP should
document all barriers and penetrations, report deficiencies and ensure quality
control throughout closeout inspections. Ideally, this system will identify other
elements in the barriers, such as dampers, doors, and extinguishers. The
BMP should track who, what, when, where; and how installations,
maintenance, and inspections in each barrier are being performed.
9. Do not create problems for yourself. Here’s another basic principle. Suppose
a green building project is running late. In an attempt to get back on schedule,
flooring subcontractors are pushed to install floor coverings before the
building is climate controlled. All moisture testing is unreliable without proper
jobsite conditions, which is a major issue for all resilient floor-covering
products. Problems caused by premature installation typically do not occur
until after the owner has accepted the project, often forcing the owner to pay
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twice for this mistake. Identifying potential installation issues early in a project
allows all parties to avoid costly problems.
10. Read and follow the instructions. This is another fundamental that is all the
more important on a green project because expectations for green buildings
are typically high. Case example: Verify that moisture testing on the concrete
is done properly. Most technicians are not ICRI (International Concrete Repair
Institute) certified. This certification covers the techniques for moisture testing
per ASTM-F2170, The Standard Test Method for Determining Relative
Humidity in Concrete Floor Slabs Using In-situ Probes. Improper test
procedure leads to disaster. If readings are higher than the actual moisture
level, you may elect to have a moisture mitigation product applied to the
concrete costing $3 to $9 a square foot. If the readings are lower than actual,
you can install flooring that will be subject to a moisture-related failure in the
future. This leads to costs associated with removal of the failed floor, moisture
mitigation, installation of another floor, and the cost of business disruption.
Additional tricks of the trade in using green strategies include managing
inventory wisely and protecting your high-performance roof with good
maintenance.
11. Don’t be a pack rat. When it comes to stocking your facilities inventory,
most facility professionals focus on convenience and the comfort of having
items, just in case they will need them. A better approach is to balance that
convenience with the costs of carrying inventory items. Typically, facility
managers estimate what they think they will need to stock and re-order when
they run low. Here are two traps with this approach:
a. 50 percent of the items stocked on the shelves aren’t needed that often.
b. 25 percent of the time people cannot find what they are looking for as it’s in
the wrong place or just lost in the clutter.
The “Best in Class” approach revolves around “true” inventory management,
not gut feel. Start by identifying and measuring inventory levels and use; then
adjusting stocking levels, and deciding if items should be removed or added to
shelves. This ensures the right items, are in the right place, at the right time
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while typically reducing inventory costs by 25 percent a year. And the
reduction of waste fits well with a green strategy.
12. Ask your elevator service provider to give you a list of obsolete parts for your
equipment. Failure of obsolete parts can lead to lengthy down time,
unexpected costs, and unhappy building occupants. This information is key in
assessing budgets and modernization or replacement plans for this critical
building asset. It’s part of holistic approach that is at the heart of green design.
13. Protect the investment in your roof, as high-performance roofs won’t deliver
the projected cost savings if improperly maintained. Start with assigning a “roof
monitor” to grant access and keep track of visitors to the rooftop. Inspect the
roof and flashing on a regular schedule. Clean gutters and remove sharp
objects around mechanical units that can puncture the roof.
14. Consider other uses for frequently specified products. Typically, architects,
designers, and facility managers only think of using solid-surface material for
countertops. Creative use of this material can save the day with application in
millwork, elevators, and toilet partitions. Interior wall cladding in high-traffic
corridors and places where cleanliness is essential such as hospital operating
rooms are an excellent extra use of solid surface material. You can create
attractive seamless wall panels and coved joints that do not trap dirt and
debris, and are easy to clean.
B. Alan Whitson is president of Corporate Realty, Design & Management Institute
(www.squarefootage.net). Whitson’s experience encompasses over 40 million square
feet of facilities in the roles of asset manager, corporate facilities manager,
construction manager, and development manager.
24

Green Building concept
• The ‘GREEN BUUILDING” concept is gaining importance in various countries,
including India.
• These are buildings that ensure waste is minimized at every stage during the
construction and operation of the building, resulting in low costs, according
to experts in technology.
• A Green building is a structure that is environment responsible and resource
efficient throughout it’s life cycle.
New Green building
The building sector in India is growing at a rapid pace and contributing immensely to
the growth of the economy. This augurs well for the country and now there is an
imminent need to introduce green concepts and techniques in this sector, which can
aid growth in a sustainable manner.
The green concepts and techniques in the building sector can help address national
issues like water efficiency, energy efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use in
commuting, handling of consumer waste and conserving natural resources. Most
importantly, these concepts can enhance occupant health, happiness and well-being.
Against this background, the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched
IGBC Green New Buildings rating system to address the National priorities. This
rating programme is a tool which enables the designer to apply green concepts and
reduce environmental impacts that are measurable. The rating programme covers
methodologies to cover diverse climatic zones and changing lifestyles.
IGBC has set up the Green New Buildings Core Committee under the leadership of
Ar. Raghavendran, to develop the rating programme. This committee comprised of
key stakeholders including architects, builders, consultants, developers, owners,
institutions, manufacturers and industry representatives. The committee, with a
diverse background and knowledge has enriched the rating system, both in its content
and process.
Benefits
Green New buildings can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible. The
most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy consumption right from
day one of occupancy. The energy savings could range from 20 - 30 % and water
savings around 30 - 50%. The intangible benefits of green new buildings include
enhanced air quality, excellent day lighting, health & well-being of the occupants,
safety benefits and conservation of scarce national resources.
25

Overview
IGBC Green New Buildings rating system® addresses green features under the
following categories:
- Sustainable Architecture and Design
- Site Selection and Planning
- Water Conservation
- Energy Efficiency
- Building Materials and Resources
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Innovation and Development
The guidelines detailed under each mandatory requirement & credit enables the
design and construction of new buildings of all sizes and types (as defined in scope).
Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total credits
earned. However, every green new building should meet certain mandatory
requirements, which are non-negotiable.
Scope
IGBC Green New Buildings rating system® is designed primarily for new buildings.
New Buildings include (but are not limited to) offices, IT parks, banks, shopping
malls, hotels, airports, stadiums, convention centers, libraries, museums, etc.,
Building types such as residential, factory buildings, schools will be covered under
other IGBC rating programmes. IGBC Green New Buildings rating system is broadly
classified into two types:
1. Owner-occupied buildings are those wherein 51% or more of the building's
built-up area is occupied by the owner.
2. Tenant-occupied buildings are those wherein 51% or more of the building's
built-up area is occupied by the tenants.
26

Based on the scope of work, projects can choose any of the above options.
The project team can evaluate all the possible points to apply under the rating system
using a suitable checklist (Owner-occupied buildings and Tenant-occupied buildings).
The project can apply for IGBC Green New Buildings rating system® certification, if
it can meet all mandatory requirements and achieve the minimum required points.
Certification Levels
The threshold criteria for certification/pre-certification levels are as under:
Certification
Level
Owner-occupied
Buildings
Tenant-occupied
Buildings
Recognition
Certified 40 - 49 40 - 49 Best Practices
Silver 50 - 59 50 - 59 Outstanding Performance
Gold 60 - 74 60 - 74 National Excellence
Platinum 75 - 100 75 - 100 Global Leadership
IGBC will recognise Green New Buildings that achieve one of the rating levels with a
formal letter of certification and a mountable plaque.
Fee Structure (effective from 1 January 2016)
Registration Fee
*The fee structure is applicable to both Owner-occupied and Tenant-occupied
projects.
27

Precertification/ Provisional Certification Fee
Certification Fee
Category
5,000 sq.m &
below Fixed
rate
5,001 sq.m to 50,000 sq.m
Based on sq.m
50,001 sq.m &
above Fixed rate
Founding
Members
140,000
Rs. 140,000 plus Rs. 10 per
additional sq.m over & above
5,001 sq.m
590,000
Annual
members
150,000
Rs. 150,000 plus Rs. 10.50 per
5,001 sq.m
625,000
Non-
members
160,000
Rs. 160,000 plus Rs. 10.50 per
5,001 sq.m
635,000
* Parking areas need not be considered as part of the built-up area
* Fee is exclusive of service tax
* Registration, Precertification, Provisional Certification and Certification fee are non-
refundable
* Membership discounts can be availed only if the Project Owner or Developer is a
member of IGBC
Category Registration Fee (Rs)
IGBC Members 25,000
Non Members 30,000
Category Precertification/ Provisional Certification Fee (Rs)
IGBC Members 150,000
Non Members 185,000
28

CONCLUSION
This research identified the exciting developments taking place on the technology
front and analyses their implications for intelligent and green buildings, highlighting
examples of “best in class” buildings employing green and intelligent technologies.
These buildings are dynamic environments that respond to their occupants‟ changing
needs and lifestyles. This research provided documented evidence to educate and
influence end-users, building owners, architects, and contractors that a “greener
building” can be achieved using intelligent technology and that this “greening” will
provide a tangible and significant return on investment.
29

REFRENCES
http://www.igbc.in/site/igbc/tests.jsp?event=22869
http://www.greenbuildingsindia.com/GreenBuildings.html
http://www.biperusa.org/6-objectives-of-greenbuilding.html
http://www.brighthub.com/environment/greenliving/articles/51601.aspx
http://ecenter.colorado.edu/greening-cu/greenbuilding
http://www.chillibreeze.com/articles/top-10-greenbuildings-in-India-1011.asp
http://gbindia.wordpress.com/igbc-rating-system-2/
30

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