Impact of humans on ecosystem

1. HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOLOGY

2. HUMAN IMPACT ON
ECOLOGY
DIRECT
Land use changes (Deforestation & Degradation)
Construction and Excavation
Agricultural Practices
Nuclear program
INDIRECT
Ozone Depletion
Acid Rain
Green House Effect
Pollution

3. LAND USE CHANGES
Degradation can be deforestation, desertification,
soil erosion, mineral depletion, or chemical
degradation (acidification and salinization)
AGRICULTURE PRACTICES
Inorganic Fertilizers
Pesticides & insecticides
Increased to 2.5 million tons annually
World Health Organization estimated in 1992 that
3 million pesticide poisonings occur annually,
causing 220,000 deaths.
Decomposition of organic matter in the soil

4. Much of the methane emitted into the atmosphere
is caused by the decomposition of organic matter
in wet soils such as rice paddies.
Wet or anaerobic soils also lose nitrogen through
denitrification, releasing the greenhouse gas
nitric oxide.[
CONSTRUCTION AND EXCAVATION
Human Activity
Construction Dams
Increased urbanization
Multipurpose projects
River line and Coastal Erosion
Water Temperature

5. NUCLEAR PROGRAM
Nuclear weapons emit large amounts of
thermal radiation as visible, infrared, and
ultraviolet light
Anthropogenic changes .
Chief hazards are burns and eye injuries
Burns visible on a people in Hiroshima during
the blast.

6. OZONE DEPLETION
 Ozone is the shield in the upper atmosphere
that protects us from ultraviolet radiation
 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of
chemicals involved in ozone destruction
 Depletion, harms living organisms
 Exposure to UV is linked to disorders in
humans, including cataracts, skin cancer, and
weakened immune systems.
 Effects on crops

8. CFC
Coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners
The propellant in aerosol dispensers
The foaming agent in the production of plastic
foam cups and containers

9. ACID RAIN
 Acid rain" is a popular term referring to the
deposition of wet (rain, snow, sleet, fog and
cloudwater, dew) and dry (acidifying particles
and gases) acidic components.
 A more accurate term is “acid deposition”.
 Principal cause of acid rain is sulphur and
nitrogen compounds from human sources,
such as electricity generation, factories, and
motor vehicles
 Coal power plants are one of the most
polluting

10.  Factories had short funnels to let out smoke,
but this caused many problems locally

11. ACID RAIN EFFECT
An extremely destructive form of pollution,
and the environment suffers from its effects.
Forests, trees, lakes, animals, and plants
suffer from acid rain.
The needles and leaves of the trees turn
brown and fall off.
Lakes are also damaged by acid rain.
Buildings, Acid rain dissolves the stonework
and mortar of buildings
Humans can become seriously ill, and can
even die from the effects of acid rain

12. GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
 Greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring
process that aids in heating the Earth's
surface and atmosphere.
 atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide,
water vapor, and methane, are able to
change the energy balance of the planet by
absorbing long wave radiation emitted from
the Earth's surface.
 Without the greenhouse effect life on this
planet would probably not exist as the
average temperature of the Earth would be a
chilly -18°

14. Main sources of greenhouse gases
burning of fossil fuels and deforestation
use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
agricultural activities, including the use of
fertilizers etc.
GLOBAL WARMING is the increase in the
average temperature of the Earth's near-
surface air and oceans since the mid-20th
century and its projected continuation.
Global surface temperature increased 0.74°
C between the start and the end of the 20th
century.

15. CONSEQUENCES
Sea level rise Flooding coastal areas.
Reduced yield of crops.
Displacement of populations.
Climate change Displacement of ecosystems.
Change in range of insect vectors of pathogens.
Declining Biological Diversity continued
Extinction of Plant and Animal species.

16. POLLUTION
 Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
an environment that causes instability, disorder,
harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical
systems or living organisms.
 Pollution can take the form of chemical substances
or energy, such as noise, heat, or light.
 Pollutants, the elements of pollution, can be
foreign substances or energies, or naturally
occurring; when naturally occurring, they are
considered contaminants when they exceed natural
levels.

17. TYPES OF POLLUTION
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil contamination
Radioactive contamination
Noise pollution
Light pollution
Thermal pollution

18. EARTH SUMMIT
The United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio
Summit, Rio Conference, Earth Summit
Issues addressed included:
systematic scrutiny of patterns of production —
particularly the production of toxic components, such as
lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive
chemicals
alternative sources of energy to replace the use of
fossil fuels which are linked to global climate change

19.  new reliance on public transportation systems
in order to reduce vehicle emissions,
congestion in cities and the health problems
caused by polluted air and smog
 The growing scarcity of water.

20. MONTREAL PROTOCOL
 Montreal Protocol on Substances That
Deplete the Ozone Layer
 An international treaty designed to protect
the ozone layer by phasing out the
production of a number of substances.
 Believed to be responsible for ozone
depletion. The treaty was opened for
signature on September 16, 1987, and
entered into force on January 1, 1989

21. Terms and purposes of this treaty
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Phase-out
Management Plan
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Phase-out
Management Plan (HPMP)

22. ENERGY AUDIT
An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis
of energy flows for energy conservation in a building, process or
system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system
without negatively affecting the output(s).
Preliminary audit
The preliminary audit (alternatively called a simple audit,
screening audit or walk-through audit) is the simplest and
quickest type of audit.
A brief review of facility utility bills and other operating data
A walk-through of the facility to become familiar with the
building operation and to identify any glaring areas of energy
waste or inefficiency
Level of detail, while not sufficient for reaching a final decision
on implementing a proposed measures.

23. DETAIL ENERGY AUDIT
Collecting more detailed information about
facility operation and by performing a more
detailed evaluation of energy conservation
measures
 Better understanding of major energy
consuming systems and to gain insight into
short and longer term energy consumption
patterns.
Detailed implementation cost estimates, site-
specific operating cost savings, and the
customer's investment criteria.

24.  It includes
 Sufficient detail is provided to justify project
implementation.
 Study of Equipment
 Study of Process
 Data collection, data analysis, inter firm
comparison, standard setting
 Identify of potential area.

25.  Earth Hour started in 2007 in Sydney,
Australia when 2.2 million homes and
businesses turned their lights off for one hour
to make their stand against climate change.
 Only a year later and Earth Hour had become
a global sustainability movement
 Environment Action Programs have been
prepared.
 “ONE PLANT ONE LIFE” as awareness creation