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Data Integrity Chapter 11
Definition Correctness and completeness of data in a database
When is data integrity lost? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is data integrity preserved? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Data Integrity Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Data Integrity Constraints(contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Required data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validity Checking ,[object Object],[object Object]
Validity Checking (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validity Checking(contd.) CHECK CONSTRAINT EXAMPLE Create table test (rollno number(2) check (rollno between 1 and 80),  name varchar2(15) );   Insert into test values(55,’ANANYA’); 1 row inserted Insert into test values(85,’AKSHAT’); ERROR-Check constraint violated
Validity Checking(contd.) Domains (SQL2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Validity Checking(contd.) Domain example Create DOMAIN dom_val_bet number(2) CHECK (value between 1 and 60); Create TABLE test1 (rollno dom_val_bet, name varchar2(15) ); Create table test2 (rollno dom_val_bet, marks number(3) );
Validity Checking(contd.) Why use DOMAIN??? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Entity Integrity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Referential Integrity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Referential Integrity Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Delete and Update Rules Delete Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What to do when   User tries to delete a row of parent table?
Delete and Update Rules Update Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What to do when   User tries to update a row of parent table?
Cascaded deletes and Updates ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Referential Cycles ,[object Object],Dept Emp Deptno Dname loc mgr Empno Ename dob sal deptno comm
Referential cycles (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Foreign Keys and Null Values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraint Capabilities FOUR types of Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraint Capabilities  (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraint Capabilities  (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraint Capabilities  (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types(contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SQL2 Constraint Types (contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deferred Constraint Checking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deferred Constraint Checking(contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deferred Constraint Checking(contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deferred Constraint Checking(contd.) SET CONSTRAINTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Business Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DBMS responsible for storing,organizing data,ensuring data integrity.Enforcing business rules is the responsibility of application programs accessing the database.
Business Rules(contd.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages of application programs enforcing business rules Triggers help DBMS in enforcing business rules
Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Events that  can trigger an action are insert, update and delete Action triggered by the event is a sequence of SQL statements
Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inserting records in separate highrankers table when marks >95
Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS FORMAT Create [or replace] trigger <trigger_name> [enable|disable] <before|after> <insert|update|delete> [of <column_name_list>] On <table_name> [referencing new as <synonym>] [for each row] [when (trigger_condition)] <trigger_code>
Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS - Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS - Disadvantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THANKS

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Data integrity

  • 2. Definition Correctness and completeness of data in a database
  • 3.
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  • 10. Validity Checking(contd.) CHECK CONSTRAINT EXAMPLE Create table test (rollno number(2) check (rollno between 1 and 80), name varchar2(15) ); Insert into test values(55,’ANANYA’); 1 row inserted Insert into test values(85,’AKSHAT’); ERROR-Check constraint violated
  • 11.
  • 12. Validity Checking(contd.) Domain example Create DOMAIN dom_val_bet number(2) CHECK (value between 1 and 60); Create TABLE test1 (rollno dom_val_bet, name varchar2(15) ); Create table test2 (rollno dom_val_bet, marks number(3) );
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  • 41. Business Rules(contd.) TRIGGERS FORMAT Create [or replace] trigger <trigger_name> [enable|disable] <before|after> <insert|update|delete> [of <column_name_list>] On <table_name> [referencing new as <synonym>] [for each row] [when (trigger_condition)] <trigger_code>
  • 42.
  • 43.