1. Science
Adapta&ons
in
Plants
Rajashri
Bhairamadgi

2. Do
you
know
…
??
• Have
you
ever
wondered
why
leaves
in
a
cactus
plant
are
reduced
to
spines?
• Why
plants
growing
in
hilly
areas
are
tall
and
most
of
them
have
needle-­‐shaped
leaves?
• Why
do
some
plants
float
on
water
while
others
are
submerged
in
it?

3. Adaptation
• Plants
have
developed
different
features
in
order
to
survive
in
different
places.
The
special
features
that
allow
an
organism
to
live
in
a
par@cular
area
are
known
as
adapta&ons.
• Example:
Cactus
plant
is
adapted
to
live
in
deserts,
so
leaves
are
reduced
to
spines.

4. Habitats
of
Plants
What
is
habitat?
The
region
where
a
living
thing
lives
or
grows
naturally
is
called
its
habitat.
Are
there
type
of
habitat?
Plants
differ
greatly
in
their
habitats
and
can
be
divided
into
two
types
on
this
basis-­‐terrestrial
plants
and
aqua@c
plants.

5. Types
of
Plant
Habitat
Terrestrial
Plants
Aqua@c
Plants

6. Types
of
habitat
1. Terrestrial
plants:
Plants
that
grow
on
land
are
known
as
terrestrial
plants.
Example:
Mango
tree
and
peepal
tree
are
terrestrial
plants.
2.
Aqua&c
plants:
Plants
that
grow
in
water
are
called
aqua@c
plants.
Example:
Water
hyacinth,
lotus,
hydrilla
are
aqua@c
plants.

9. Adaptations
in
Plants
A
plant
adapts
itself
according
to
the
clima@c
condi@ons
of
its
habitat.
The
temperature
of
the
place,
amount
of
rainfall
and
sunshine
received,
and
water
availability
are
some
of
the
factors
which
influence
the
adapta@ons
developed
by
plants.

10. 1.
Terrestrial
plants
Terrestrial
plants
can
be
further
divided
into
different
types
based
on
their
adapta@ons
to
suit
the
par@cular
area
in
which
they
grow.
For
example:
different
types
of
plants
grow
in
1.
Plains,
2.
Deserts,
3.
Hills,
4.
Marshy
places
and
5.
Coastal
areas.

11. 1.
Plants
adapted
to
grow
in
plains
In
plains,
the
climate
is
warm
to
hot
in
summer
and
cold
in
Winter.
The
trees
growing
here
have
many
branches.
These
trees
shed
their
leaves
in
autumn
and
bear
new
leaves
in
spring.
Examples:
Mango,
Neem,
Peepal,
Sheesham,
etc.
grow
in
plains.

12. Neem
Tree

13. 2.
Plants
adapted
to
grow
in
deserts
• Plants
like
cactus,
date
palm
and
prickly
pear
grows
in
desert.
As
we
know
that
water
is
scare
in
in
deserts,
these
plants
adapted
to
survive
with
the
least
amount
of
water.
• In
such
plants,
the
leaves
are
either
reduced
to
spines
or
are
absent.
• The
stem
is
green
and
performs
photosynthesis
and
also
stores
food
and
water
for
the
plant.
• Such
plants
have
long
root
system
that
go
deep
into
the
ground
to
absorb
water.

14. Cactus

15. 3.
Plants
adapted
to
grow
in
hills
• Trees
like
fir,
pine
and
cedar
grow
in
hilly
areas
and
on
mountains.
The
climate
in
such
places
is
cold
and
snowfall
is
frequent.
Therefore,
the
trees
are
tall,
straight
and
conical
to
allow
show
to
slide
down
easily.
• Their
leaves
are
waxy
and
needle-­‐like,
so
that
they
lose
minimum
amount
of
water
and
shed
snow
without
difficulty.

16. Fir
tree

17. 4.
Plants
adapted
to
grow
in
marshy
places
• Mangrove
tree
is
the
most
common
example
of
a
plant
growing
in
marshy
areas.
• These
are
the
areas
where
soils
clayey
and
very
s@cky
due
to
high
water
content.
The
roots
of
plants
growing
in
such
areas
do
not
get
sufficient
air.
• Thus,
these
plants
develop
and
give
out
breathing
roots
that
help
them
to
breathe.

18. Mangrove
Plant

19. 5.
Plants
adapted
to
grow
in
coastal
areas
• Coastal
areas
have
hot
and
wet
climate.
Trees
growing
in
these
areas
are
adapted
to
grow
in
the
presence
of
salty
water.
• They
have
plenty
of
leaves
and
do
not
shed
their
leaves
throughout
the
year.
Plants
like
coconut,
teak
and
rubber
grow
well
here.

20. Coconut
Tree

21. Quick
recall
Q1.
Answer
the
following
ques&ons
orally.
1.
What
is
habitat?
2.
Name
the
factors
which
influence
the
adapta@ons
developed
by
plants.
3.
What
are
the
adapta@ons
of
plants
that
grow
in
plains?
4.
How
is
a
coconut
tree
adapted
to
grow
in
coastal
areas?

22. 2.
Aquatic
plants
• Aqua@c
plants
have
adapted
themselves
amazingly
to
survive
in
water.
• These
plants
can
be
further
dis@nguished
into
three
types
1. Floa@ng
plants,
2. Fixed
plants
and
3. Underwater
plants.

23. 1.
Floating
plants
• Duckweed,
water
leXuce
and
water
hyacinth
are
some
floa@ng
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
have
a
fibrous
root
system
but
they
are
not
fixed
at
the
boXom
of
the
water
body.
Their
roots
just
float
below
the
surface.
• These
plants
have
floa@ng
leaves
which
perform
photosynthesis
by
trapping
sunlight
and
carbon
dioxide.
Chlorophyll
is
present
in
the
upper
surface
of
the
leaves
as
this
is
the
only
por@on
which
is
exposed
to
sunlight.
• Floa@ng
plants
are
water
leXuce
light
and
spongy
to
facilitate
floa@ng.

24. Water
Lettuce

25. Fixed
plants
• Lotus
and
water
lily
are
two
examples
of
fixed
plants.
They
are
called
so
because
their
roots
are
fixed
to
the
boXom
of
the
pond.
• Their
stems
are
long,
hollow,
light
and
flexible
so
that
they
can
bend
easily
with
the
waves
of
water
and
do
not
get
uprooted.
• Their
leaves
float
on
the
water
surface.

26. Water
Lily

27. • Plants
like
hydrilla,
pondweed
and
tape
grass
are
some
underwater
plants.
Such
plants
are
completely
submerged
in
water
and
have
thin,
ribbon-­‐like
narrow
leaves.
• There
is
no
stomata
in
their
leaves.
• They
absorb
carbon
dioxide
given
out
by
the
aqua@c
animals
through
their
body
to
prepare
food.

28. Hydrilla

29. Some
Non-­‐Green
Plants
• Have
you
seen
a
mushroom
plant?
If
no,
then
ask
your
mother
to
show
it
to
you.
Mushrooms,
molds
and
beech-­‐drops
are
non-­‐green
plants
that
lack
chlorophyll.
Since
these
plants
cannot
make
their
own
food
through
photosynthesis.
Accept
challenge!
• Why
can’t
fixed
plant
grow
under
water?

30. Moulds
on
bread

31. Unusual
but
Amazingly
Interesting
Plants
Insec&vores
plants
There
are
some
unusual
plants
like
Venus
flytrap,
sundew
and
pitcher
plant
which
eat
insects.
Their
leaves
are
modified
to
capture
insects.
Such
plants
are
called
insec@vorous
plants
• In
a
pitcher
plant,
the
leaf
is
modified
into
a
pitcher-­‐like
structure.
The
leaf
@p
is
modified
to
form
a
lid
which
can
open
and
close
the
mouth
of
the
pitcher.
Once
an
insect
enters
the
pitcher,
the
lid
closes
and
the
insect
gets
trapped
inside.

32. Venus
Flytrap

33. Pitcher
Plant

34. Sundew

35. Cobra
Lily

36. Bladderwort

37. Remember
1. Trees
which
shed
their
leaves
in
autumn
are
known
as
deciduous
trees.
2. Some
trees
like
spruce,
fir,
pine,
etc.
do
not
shed
their
leaves
at
all
during
the
year.
Such
trees
are
called
evergreen
trees.
3. The
root
system
only
helps
to
hold
the
floa@ng
plants
in
their
place.
4. Insec@vores
plants
are
green
and
can
carry
out
photosynthesis.

38. Thank
you…..
Happy
learning