1. Present Scenario and Problems of
Aquaculture in India
Presented By : Rajesh V. Chudasama
SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE (AQC-501)

2. • Aquaculture and fisheries have made significant contributions of the world economy and
to the poor people as a major source of animal protein especially in developing countries.
• Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector with an average annule growth
rate of about 7.4% accounting about 73.69% of the total India’s fish supply (2019-20).
• Fisheries sector contribute 1% of the national GDP and 5.3% of the agricultural GDP in
India.
• Total fish production of India during 2019-20 is 141.64 lakh tonnes.
Introduction

3. • India is blessed with an abundance of fisheries resources, both inland and
marine.
Aquaculture Resources of India
Fisheries Resources Area
1. Coastline 8,118 km
1. EEZ 2.02 million sq. km
2. Rivers and canals 2.52 lakh km
3. Reservoirs 3.15 million ha
4. Ponds and Tanks 2.36 million ha
5. Estuaries 1.44 million ha
6. Floodplain and Wetland 1.2 million ha
Source: Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture

4. • The Blue Revolution in India demonstrated importance of Fisheries
and Aquaculture sector.
• India is 2nd largest aquaculture nation in the world after China.
• Freshwater contribute over 95% of the total aquaculture production.
Present Scenario of Aquaculture in India

5. Inland Aquaculture
• Total inland fish production 2019-
20 year 104.37 lakh tons.
• Andhra Pradesh is first rank in
inland fish production following
states West Bengal, Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar.
Handbook of Fisheries Statistics-2020

6. 59.5
4.89
9.81
2.01
4.32
23.84
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1. Major Carps
(Catla, Rohu,
Marigal)
2. Minor Carps 3. Exotic Carps 4. Murrels
(Ophiocephalusspp.)
5. Catfishes (Wallago
attu, pangasius)
Other fresh water
Fishes
Production
in
lakh
tonnes
Species
Species Wise Inland Fish Production of India
2019-20
Source: Handbook of Fisheries Statistics-2020

7. Source: dof.gov.in
Comparison of Marine and Inland Fisheries Production of India Last
25 Years

8. • India has around 2.36 million Ha of Tanks & Ponds area where culture-based
fishery is predominant and contributes to the maximum share in total fish
production. The current production from tanks and pond is 8.5 million MT.
Tanks & Ponds
1033 Biofloc Units 1553 RAS Units 6462 Ha New Pond Area
Made under PMMSY in year 2019-20.

9. • Brackish water aquaculture offers huge potential as the country has around 1.42
million Ha of brackish/saline area, of which only ~13% is utilized.
• Brackish/Saline water aquaculture has gained a great momentum in India. The last
few decades have witnessed significant growth in brackish water shrimp aquaculture.
• Production of farmed shrimp has 7.47 lakh MT in 2020, thereby contributing to major
export share of the INR 46,662 crores fisheries export earnings.
Brackishwater Aquaculture

10. 6.22
0.57
0.02 0.1
5.01
0.58
0.02 0.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. L. vannamei 2. P. monodon 3. Other shrimps 4. Scampi
Production
(Quantity
in
MMT)
Species
Species wise shrimp production of India
Production (Quantity in MMT) 2017-18 Production (Quantity in MMT) 2016-17
Source: MPEDA

11. • Reservoirs are generally referred to as
‘sleeping giants’ as in spite of large area
covered it cage culture contributes to
~3.81% of the total inland fish production.
• India has 3.15 million ha of reservoirs, the
present fish yield from reservoirs is low, the
tune of about 82 kg/ha.
Cage Culture in Reservoirs

12. • India is bestowed with 14 major, 44 medium, and numerous minor rivers that
run through 2.52 lakh Kms contributes to current production of 1 Lakh ton.
• Production of native species in the rivers by seed ranching of native stock,
upgradation of riverine landing centers and instruments to provide financial
assistance for fishermen wellbeing are being targeted.
Riverine Fisheries

13. • Research and developing stage.
• Seed production and farming of finfishes such as cobia, pompano,
seabass, groupers, snappers, beams and ornamental fishes.
• Potential areas suitable for sea cage farming were estimated as
46,823.2 ha in 131 sities in 9 coastal states and UT pf Diu (CMFRI).
• In Collaboration with Govt. of India cage culture and seaweed
culture sites are being identified across the coastline. Preliminary
survey on potential seaweed culture sites identified 317 sites with
an estimated total area of 23,970 ha along the Indian coastline
(CMFRI).
• In 2020, seaweed production was approx., 25,000 tonnes.
Mariculture

14. Social Problems
• Norms and religious values excluded women or other groups from participation
in certain activities.
• Lack of family encouragement considering lower prestigious occupation.
• Multiple use of pond water especially domestic purposes restrict the
commercial fish farming.
• Poaching from fish pond.
Common Problems in Aquaculture

15. Economical Problems
• High costs of cultural inputs
especially fish feed.
• Lack of financial assistance
• Fluctuating fish prices in market.
• Small size of ponds.
• Lack of regulated market facilities
Technological Problems
• Lack of quality feed in local market.
• Shortage of quality seed.
• Lack of timely availability of inputs
nearby.
• Inadequate knowledge and skill
about scientific.

16. Other Problems
• Habitat Distraction: Aerial view of shrimp farms, By far the greatest
threat to mangrove swamps come from the rapidly expanding shrimp
aquaculture.
• Diseases: Vibriosis, White spot, Early Mortality Syndromes (EMS) and
Epizootic Ulcerative Syndromes (EUS).

17. Problems of Ocean Fish Farming
• Industries is a factor that can destroy the fish farming. It also contributes pollution
that could contaminate the water.
• Escapes of fish.
• Environment impacts of sea cage aquaculture.
• Sea lice are primary parasitic problems for finfish in aquaculture.
• In case of ocean fish farming, fish wastes, excess food, fish escapes, antibiotics and
various chemicals from fish farms can all result in water pollution and harm
surrounding habitats by poisoning wildlife and causing other disturbances.

18. Covid-19 Affecting Aquaculture
Shortage of seeds, feeds and related aquaculture items have been reported, due
to restriction on transportation and travel of personnel, with particular impacts
on the aquaculture industry.

19. • India is blessed with an abundance aquaculture resources like rivers, canals, reservoirs, ponds, tanks, estuaries
and floodplain wetland area.
• At present Indian aquaculture annual average growth rate 7.37% with production 104.37 lakh tones (74% of
total fish production) in year 2019-20.
• In present scenario of aquaculture 2nd largest fish production country in the world.
• Andhra Pradesh is first rank of aquaculture production following states West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
• In present some of the aquaculture problems in India like social, economical, technological, environment,
pollution and diseases spread out farming area.
• Future prospect of Indian aquaculture industry developing department of fisheries provide many schemes
under PMMSY to increasing production level and enhancing of farmer living stander.
Conclusion

20. A. Books
Sanjay Kumar Gupta, Pawan Kumar, 2014, Aquaculture and Fisheries Environment, New Delhi, Discovery Publishing House, Pvt. Ltd. Pp.
4-20.
P. C. Thomas, 1998, Current and Emerging Trends in Aquaculture, Delhi, Daya Publishing House, pp. 67-71.
T. V. R. Pillay & M. N. Kutty, 2005, Aquaculture Principles and Practices, Second Edition, Hong Kong, Blackwell Publishing, pp. 09.
B. Government Publication
Anonymous, 2011, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Department of Fisheries, ICAR, Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture,
New Delhi, pp. 169-275.
Anonymous, 2020, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Department of Fisheries, Handbook on Fisheries Statistics-
2020, New Delhi, pp. 5-9.
Anonymous, 2020, Annual Report, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kerala
Anonymous, 2019-20, Annual Report, Marine Product Development Authority, Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MPEDA), Govt. of
India.
Bibliography

21. C. Journal Article
Hiralal Jana, 2016, Existing problems of fish farming in Indian agriculture, Rashtriya Krishi, Volume 11, Issue 2, pp.
103-104.
2016, Aquaculture Times, Common Problems in Aquaculture and their preventive measures, Vol. 2, Issue 5.
D. Website Reference
Department of Fisheries
Dof.gov.in/inland-fisheries
Jus Corpus Law Journal
Juscorpus.com/key-problems-faced-by-aquaculture-in-india/
FAO
Fao.org/2019-ncov/q-and-a/impact-on-fisheries-and-aquaculture/en/
MPEDA
mpeda.gov.in

22. Thank You