ABout the western colonialism

1. Japan During the Age
of Imperialism
From Victim to Imperial
and Military Power

2. Student Responsibilities During
PowerPoint
• Highlight key information.
• Add information from the oral part of the lecture.
• Respond to the included Primary Sources.
• Do the Pair-Share Activities
• Take additional notes from the YouTube Videos.

3. Difference Between China and Japan
in Response to European Imperialism
• “The Japanese willow bent with the
winds of western imperialism and
survived; the Chinese oak stood fast
against the winds from the west and fell.”
• What does this quote mean?
• This is the basis for the Short Answer
Question on the First East Asia Unit Test!

4. Japanese Isolationism and
Weaknesses of Tokugawa Japan

5. Japan and Isolationaism
• In the early 1600’s, Japan shut itself off
from the world-Isolationism
• Under the rule of the Tokugawa
shoguns, Japan remained strictly
ordered by following a system of
feudalism .
• Samurai warriors kept Japan protected
and fairly peaceful for two centuries.

7. Demand for Trade
• Japan had little to no contact with
other nations before the 1800’s except
with China and Korea.
• By the early 1800’s, many western
nations tried to convince the Japanese
to open their ports to trade.
• Much like ethnocentric and isolationist
neighbor China, Japan often refused to
receive these nations.

8. Weaknesses of Tokugawa
Japan
After the Tokugawa shoguns
gained power in 1600, the
reimposed centralized feudalism,
closed Japan to foreigners and
forbade Japanese to travel
overseas.
5
The Japanese had limited
trade with the Dutch in the
port of Nagasaki.
By the 1800’s:
•Shoguns were no longer strong leaders
•Daimyo suffered financial hardship
•Samurai were no longer fighters
•Merchants had no political power
•Peasants suffered under heavy taxes

9. End to Isolation
America Arrives in Japan

10. End to Isolation
• In 1853, American president
Millard Fillmore sent naval
Commodore Mathew Perry to
deliver a letter to the Japanese
government
• This letter urged Japan to open
up its ports to western trade
or be destroyed in one year’s
time.

11. President Fillmore Letter
Pay special attention to this part of the Fillmore
Letter:
“The United States of America reach from ocean to
ocean, and our Territory of Oregon and State of
California lie directly opposite to the dominions of
your imperial majesty. Our steamships can go from
California to Japan in eighteen days. Your Good
Friend, Millard Fillmore.”
What is the implied threat in President Fillmore’s
letter?

12. What Did the U. S. Want??
 Coaling stations.
 More trading
partners.
 A haven for
ship-wrecked
sailors.

13. Treaty of Kanagawa: Test Question
• Perry returned in February of 1854 with
eight ships.
• The Treaty of Kanagawa:
–Opened two ports for provisioning
American ships, Shimoda and Hakodate.
–Provided for humane treatment
shipwrecked sailors.
–Established counselor but not
commercial relations.

14. How Japanese Viewed American Actions
 Highly idealistic samurai who felt that the
arrival of Westerners was an attack on the
traditional values of Japan.
 They believed that:
 Japan was sacred ground.
 The emperor, now a figurehead in
Kyoto, was a God.
 Were furious at the Shogun for signing treaties
with the West without the Emperor’s consent.
 Their slogan  Revere the Emperor, Expel
the Barbarians!

15. Japanese History of Edo period to Meiji Restoration(6/6)
Running Time of 8:17 Minutes

16. How To Beat The Westerners At
Their Own Game….
Basis for First East Asia Short Answer:
How Did Japan Respond Differently
to Western Imperialism Than China

17. Japan Learns a Lesson!
In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji
period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to
China to study the situation there. A Japanese
recorded in his diary from Shanghai…
What does he mean? What does Japan intend to
do?
“The Chinese have become servants to the
foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in
fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain
and France.”

18. Rise of Meiji Rule
Meiji Restoration

19. Compare These Two Figures
1. What are the similarities and differences between the two men?
2. What adjectives would you use to describe each ruler?
Traditional
clothing, hair,
sword, looks proud
Looks like…
Western
clothing, hair
sword, looks proud
Looks like…
Pair-
Share
Activity:

20. Japan’s Response: End of Tokugawa
Rule
• The sudden intrusion of foreign
powers in Japan resulted in the
collapse of the Tokugawa and the
restoration of imperial rule
• The dissident slogan was “Revere
the emperor, expel the
barbarians.”
• On Jan 3, 1868, the boy emperor
Mutsuhito took power
– He later became known as
Meiji (“Enlightened Rule”)

21. Meiji Reforms

22. Japan’s Response: Meiji Reforms
• The Meiji government strived to gain parity with
foreign powers behind the motto “rich country,
strong army”
• Test Question: It looked to the industrial lands of
the United States and Europe to obtain knowledge
and expertise to strengthen Japan and win revisions
of the unequal treaties
–The Meiji sent many students and officials abroad
to learn everything from technology to
construction and hired foreign experts to
facilitate economic development and indigenous
expertise

23. Meiji
Reforms
Abolition
of the
feudal system
Land
Redistribution
Human Rights
& Religious
Freedom
Build a
Modern Navy
(British)
Westernize
the School
System
(American.)
Modernize
the Army
(German)
Emperor
Worship
Intensified
Written
Constitution
(German)
Modern
Banking
System
Test
Question

24. Economic Reform
• By the turn of the
century, Japan was
one of the top
industrial powers in
the world
• And like those
powers, Japan now
desired to create an
empire of its own
Industrial
Output 1900 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Japan Britain

25. Quick Acrostic/Mnemonic Device
• M = Meiji
• E = Ends
• I = Isolation
• J = Japan
• I = Industrializes

26. Pair Activity: Two Views on Modernization
• “This is a brilliant and
exciting time. We are
finally free from all trivial
restrictions and are able
to do what we like. We
can move to the cities,
educate ourselves, and
even move up the social
ladder. Japan in becoming
a modern, wealth, and
powerful nation under
this great new system.”
• “This is a very turbulent and
uneasy time in Japan. Our
beautiful environment has been
polluted from the factories.
There is unrest in the
countryside, since the peasant
farmers are forced to pay high
taxes in cash, not in crops. And
many are suffering in the cites as
a result of strenuous factory
work. Japan has suffered and
sacrificed under this new
system.”

27. Meiji Japan: Reforming a Nation Through Western Development
MauimountLtd
published on Apr 15, 2012
Running Time of Ten Minutes

28. Impact of Meiji Restoration
Japan Becomes An Imperial Power

29. Little Nation, Big Power
• Japan modeled their navy after Great Britain, their
government and army after Germany, and their
educational system after the United States.
• In a matter of only 30 years, Japan transformed
from a weak isolated nation to a powerful,
industrial nation!
• Feeling proud of their new strength, Japan's feelings
of Nationalism grew.
• Japan looked to compete with Europe and build
their own imperial empire.

30. Imperial Japan: As a small island nation, Japan had few
resources essential to industrial growth.
Spurred by nationalism and imperialism, Japan built an empire
Sino-Japanese
War
Russo-Japanese
War
Annexation of
Korea
Causes? Japan wanted
imperial control of
Korea; so did
China
Russians wanted
control of Korea
and Manchuria
Japan wanted
total control over
Korea
What happened?
Who won?
Japan Japan Japan
Results? Japan gets first
colonies; Japan
gets imperial
control of
Manchuria
Russia forced out
of Manchuria and
Korea
Japan takes total
control over Korea

31. Pair-Share Activity
• What is the main point or common
theme of the next two political
cartoons?
• How can you tell?
• Identify ONE example that supports
the main point of the political cartoons.

34. Japan in the Inter-War Years

35. Post-World War I Japan
• After World War I, Japan saw itself as the
dominant power in the East
• It began to pursue policies that would increase
their territory and their influence in Asia
• Ultimately, these policies would lead to the
outbreak of war in the Pacific

36. Motives for Japanese Expansion:
Test Question
• Economics
– Japan was in desperate need of natural resources to fuel
its industry and military
• Extreme Nationalism
– Many Japanese citizens believed that Japan was the most
superior country in Asia and therefore had the right to rule
everyone else
• Acts by Western Powers
– Several actions by Western powers were motivated by the
belief that Japan was not equal; these insults fueled
imperialistic desires in Japan

37. Test Question

38. • Country:
Japan
• “Led” by
Emperor
Hirohito
• Controlled
behind the
scenes by
Hideki Tojo
Emperor Hirohito
Hideki Tojo

39. Totalitarian Regimes in Europe & Asia
In the 1920s & 1930s, Japan was the
strongest & wealthiest nation in Asia;
Prime Minister Hideki Tojo created a
military dictatorship in Japan

40. Hideki Tojo
 Preached virtues of territorial
expansion
 Needed to conquer – gain
more land
 Japan poor in natural
resources
 Claimed Japan’s destiny
was to drive out the western
colonial powers and rule all
of Asia
 Censored media and
demanded total obedience

41. Second Sino-Japanese War
Invasion of Manchuria

42. • Manchurian Incident, 1931, Japanese military leaders
decided to conquer Manchuria
• Resources would free Japan from reliance on Western
trade
• Moved quickly to gain control; civilian government
powerless
• Set up government in region, renamed Japanese-
controlled state, Manchukuo
Conquering Manchuria
Second Sino-Japanese War

43. • The deposed Chinese
Emperor Pu Yi was now
seized upon by the
Japanese as the new
puppet ruler of
Manchukuo.
• Manchukuo means land
of the ‘Manchu’. What
more fitting than a
Manchu leader?
• Explain why the
Japanese would want to
do this.
Pair-Share Activity

44. A Japanese Propaganda Poster
• Notice the flags-
Japan,Manchukuo and
China.
• What is the purpose of
this poster?

45. Japanese Imperialism: 2nd Sino-Japanese War
Why?
• Japan wanted more natural resources,
land for Japanese citizens to live and
farm
• Believed racially superior to the
Chinese.
• 1937-38: Rape of Nanking: Test
Question
• 370K executions, 80K rapes
• Huge casualties
• J loses 1.1m soldiers
• China loses 3.2m soldiers, 18m
civilians

46. Rape of Nanjing: Test Question
• 2/3 of city destroyed because
of arson
• Torched newly built
government buildings and the
homes of civilians
• Soldiers took valuables and
anything they wanted from
the poor and the wealthy
• Littered the Yangtze River
with bodies
• Streets were heaped with
bodies so troops could make
their way across the town

47. YouTube Video: Have To Go To
YouTube To Watch
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLN0IgCdKZw
• Why China Hates Japan
• Seeker Daily
• Published on Nov 5, 2014
• Running Time of 3:50 Minutes
• China and Japan have a long history of rivalry and conflict,
marred by war and atrocities. Today, both nations’
economies are thriving, and they’re big trade partners, so
why does China still resent Japan? TestTube Daily takes a
look at the countries’ dark past and the effect it's had on
their relationship today.

48. YouTube Video: Need To Go To
YouTube To View
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=it3nIEcpClw
• Japanese Expansionism Before and During World
War Two (WWII) - Part 1
• jbranstetter04
• Uploaded on Aug 2, 2009
• Running Time of 9:59 Minutes