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A Project Report
On
“HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM”
Under the Guidance of
Mr.Balvir Singh
RAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS AND
INSTRUMENTS LIMITED
By
Ramkrishan Dudi
12106066
6th
semester,B.tech
Instrumentation and Control Engineering
Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology
Jalandhar, Punjab
India- 144011
Undertaken at
RAJASTHAN ELECTRONICS AND
INSTRUMENTS LIMITED JAIPUR
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LIST OF CONTENTS
1. PREFEACE
2. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
3. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ORGANISATION
ORGANISATIONPROFILE
MISSION, VISIONAND CULTURE
HISTORY
PRODUCTS
4. OBJECTIVEOF THE PROJECT
5. SOLARENERGY
INTRODUCTION
SOLARPOWERPLANT
6. WIND ENRERGY
INTRODUCTION
WIND TURBINE
7. HYBRID WIND-SOLARPOWERPLANT
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PREFACE
REIL India Limited basically deals with Agro-Diary sector, Solar Photovoltaic
Cell.
Adherence to high quality standards and the people development.
REILhas been able to setstandardsof excellence in the industry,whiledelivering
products that exceed customer expectations on time, thereby earning the
respects of its customers worldwide.
This summer project aims at studying the HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
under the guidance of Mr. Balvir Singh.
Mr. Neeraj Saxena
BranchManager (Jaipur)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is good to grab the knowledge. It is very good to utilize the knowledge in doing
the works, which are handful, and advantageous for mankind and it is excellent
thing to provide the knowledge to your followers so that they could also serve
mankind in the same way. Knowing the above facts I have come to REIL, Jaipur so
that I can put my knowledge on a right track with the experiences of all the senior
persons of the company.
I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to all the people who provided
me great support and guidance throughout the course of my summer internship
program.
I also take this opportunity to express my sincere and deepest sense of gratitude
towards all the staff members of Jaipur Branch specially Mr. Balvir Singh without
the supervision of whom, it would not have been possible for me to have such a
good training experience.
Words cannot reflect the cooperation; assistance and encouragement given by the
members and my friends who at one time or the other assisted me in completing
the project.
Finally I would like to thank Mr. Neeraj Saxena for providing me this good
opportunity to work, learn in REIL family.
Ramkrishan Dudi
NIT JALANDHAR
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Chapter 1
BRIEFOVERVIEW
OF ORGANISATION
REIL INDIA LTD.
ORGANISATIONPROFILE
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place amongst
the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture between the
Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their respective
institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI RATNA" by the
Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry, Government of India in
1997 on account of its good all round performance and excellent products.
The Company has added another feather in its cap by establishing a Quality
Management system for its operations and has been certified as an ISO 9001 firm
w.e.f. 31st July, 1998. The area of business extends to manufacturing and
marketing of electronic products/ services in the following areas:
Agro-Diary Sector
Solar Photovoltaic Sector
Industrial Electronics Sector
Information Technology
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MISSION,VISION AND CULTURE
REIL's Mission
Improve Performance: REIL helps customers improve their
operating performance, grid reliability and productivity whilst saving
energy and lowering environmental impact.
Drive Innovation:Innovationandquality arekeycharacteristicsof our
product, systems and service offering.
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Attract Talent:REIL is committed to attracting and retaining dedicated
and skilled people and offering employees an attractive.
Act Responsibly: Sustainability, lowering environmental impact
and business ethics are at the core of our market offering and our own
operations.
REIL's Vision
As one of the world’s leading engineering companies, we help our customers to
use solar power efficiently, to increase industrial productivity and to lower
environmentalimpact in a sustainableway. Powerand productivityfora better
world
REIL’s Culture
Good leaders are characterizedby competence, ambitionandintegrity
All three ensure that we create value by fulfilling our commitments to our
customers, our employees and the communities and societies in which we
operate, acting in accordance with sound corporate values.
HISTORY:
Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Ltd. (REIL) has a prominent place amongst
the electronics industry of Rajasthan. The Company is a joint venture between the
Government of India & the Government of Rajasthan, through their respective
institutions. The Company was conferred the status of a "MINI RATNA" by the
Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Industry, Government of India in
1997 on account of its good all round performance and excellent products. The
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Company has added another feather in its cap by establishing a Quality
Management system for its operations and has been certified as an ISO 9001 firm
w.e.f. 31st July, 1998.
REIL PRODUCTS:
AGRO DAIRY:The Electronics Division kicked off its operations in 1981, --the
year of formation of the Company -- and has notched up many credits in the last
three decades.
The operations started with the Electronic Milk Tester, under technical
collaboration with A/S Foss Electric of Denmark, and assembly of Electronic Milk
Tester (EMT) in SKD form, from kits supplied by the collaborator, initially.
The Company has rapidly absorbed and assimilated the technology, successfully
indigenised the product, and in response to customer requirements, designed it on
micro-controller technology to suit the needs of the Indian customers. Thus, the
auto-zero EMT was introduced in the market in the year 1990.
The Company has also successfully integrated the products into a more versatile
system, developed in-house through it own development efforts, called the Milk
Collection Station.
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SPV MODULES: Company entered into the Solar Photovoltaic industry in 1985.
It started its operations by setting up a manufacturing facility for SPV modules and
has expanded its area of operations through manufacture of Balance of Systems for
a large number of applications, utilizing its electronics product manufacturing
facility. The Company products are a result of its own in-house development efforts.
The Company has a capacity of 2 MW per year on single shift basis.
The Company has a capacity to manufacture over 2MW peak capacity
modules/year in a single shift with the flexibility of round the clock operations. The
manufacturing department has machines including string layout machines, module
laminators and soldering systems for producing modules conforming to
International standards.
CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
OBJECTIVE
To generate continuous power from wind and solar energy. (Day and
night). This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy
sources.
Thermal power plant uses more than wind and solar power plant due to
it have40-46% efficiency butsolar plant haveefficiency about 17% which
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is half as compare to thermal power plant. To enhance the efficiency of
solar power plant with the use of wind power plant.
To switchfromnon –renewableenergy to renewableenergy by which the
pollution reduces.
CHAPTER 3
SOLAR ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Solar Energy was invented many years back with a piece of shiny metal
which can reflect sunrays, it satisfied the basic need of cooking and
heating in ancient days.
In modern days it is being used in many ways by converting the solar
energy to electrical energy with a Solar Panel
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After passing through the Earth's atmosphere, most of the Sun's energy is
in the form of visible light and infrared light radiation. Plants convert the
energy in sunlight into chemical energy (sugars and starches) through the
process of photosynthesis. Humans regularly use this store of energy in
various ways, as when they burn wood or fossil fuels, or when
simply eating plants, fish and animals.
Solar radiation reaches the Earth's upper Earth's atmosphere with the
power of 1366 watts per square meter (W/m2). Since the Earth is round,
the surface nearer its poles is angled away from the Sun and receives much
less solar energy than the surface nearer the equator.
At present, solarcell panels convert, at best, about 15% of sunlight hitting
them into electricity.[1] The dark disks in the third diagram on the right are
imaginary examples of the amount of land that, if covered with 8% efficient
solar panels, would produce slightly more energy in the formof electricity
than the world needed in 2003
Solar energy is used today in a numberof ways:
As heat for making hot water, heating buildings, and cooking
To generate electricity with solar cells or heat engines
To take the salt away from seawater.
Solar power plants
Solar power plant is based on the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaic (PV), orindirectly using concentrated solar
power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and
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tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaic
converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect. The largest
photovoltaic power plant in the world is the 250 MW Agua Caliente Solar Project
in Arizona.
Concentrated solar power plants first appeared in the 1980s. Now, the 354
MW Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) CSP installation is the largest solar
power plant in the world; it is locatedin the Mojave Desert, California. Other
large CSP plants include the Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW, 250 MW when
finished)[3] and the Andasol solarpower station (150 MW), both in Spain.
Solar power is the power of the future.
Here we use solar plant using photovoltaic.
Photovoltaic (PVs) are arrays of cells containing a solarphotovoltaic material that
converts solarradiation or energy from the sun into direct current electricity. Due
to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar
cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years, and costs
have dropped.
Solar photovoltaic is growing rapidly, from a small base, to a total global capacity
of 130,000 MW at the end of 2013. More than 100 countries use solar PV.
Installations may be ground-mounted (and sometimes integrated with farming
and grazing) or built into the roof or walls of a building.
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CHAPTER 4
WIND ENERGY
INTRODUCTION
Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce
mechanical or electrical power. Windmills are used for their mechanical
power, wind pumps for water pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power as
an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land. The
net effects are farless problematic than those of non-renewable power sources.
Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines which are connected to
the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source
of electricity, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal,gas orfossil
fuel plants. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land, and offshore
farms have less visual impact, but construction and maintenance costs are
considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid
or provide electricity to isolated off-gridlocations.
Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over
shorter time scales. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power
sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in a region
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increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant
conventional production can occur. Power management techniques such as
having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatch able backing
sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, exporting and importing power to
neighbouring areas, using vehicle-to-grid strategies or reducing demand when
wind production is low, can in many cases overcome these problems. In
addition, weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for
the predictable variations in production that occur.
As of 2014, Denmark has been generating around 40% of its electricity from
wind, and at least 83 other countries around the world are using wind power to
supply their electricity grids. Wind power capacity has expanded to 369,553 MW
by December 2014, and total wind energy production is growing rapidly and has
reached around 4% of worldwide electricity usage.
WIND TURBINE:
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy fromthe wind into
electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric
technology (rotary propeller). The technical description forthis type of machine is
an aerofoil-poweredgenerator.
The result of over a millennium of windmill development and modern
engineering, today's wind turbines are manufactured in a wide range of vertical
and horizontal axis types. The smallest turbines are used for applications such as
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battery charging for auxiliary power forboats or caravans or to power traffic
warning signs. Slightly larger turbines can be used formaking contributions to a
domestic power supply while selling unused power back to the utility supplier via
the electrical grid. Arrays of large turbines, known as wind farms, are becoming
an increasingly important source of renewable energy and are used by many
countries as part of a strategy to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels.
WIND TURBINE
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CHAPTER 5
HYBRID WIND-SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
Why We Required?
Low operating cost
Easy to charge
power quality
Efficiency increase
APPLICATION
Distributed Generation Applications,
ConstantSpeed and Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems,
Photovoltaic Energy System.
CONSTRUCTION
1. MATERIAL USED-
Solar panel
Wind turbine
Battery
Solar Charge controller
Wind Chargecontroller
Invertor
Solar Panel-
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Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a source of
energy for generating electricity or heating.
A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of typically 6×10 solar cells. Solar
PV panels constitute the solar array of a photovoltaic system that generates and
supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Eachmodule
is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically
ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of
a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 watt module will
have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a few solar
panels available that are exceeding 19% efficiency.
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Solar energy emitted by sun. Then it is captured by solar panel. A charge
controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to
keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming
from the solar panels going to the battery. After this we can store power in
battery (DC power).DC power can be converted into AC power using invertor.
WIND TURBINE
A wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy fromthe wind into
electrical power. The term appears to have migrated from parallel hydroelectric
technology (rotary propeller).
DIAGRAM OF TOP VIEW OF WIND TURBINE
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Solar charge controller
A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current
regulator to keep batteries fromovercharging. It regulates the voltage and
current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels
put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be
damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get
fully charged.
WIND CHARGE CONTROLLER
To store the energy generated by the wind turbine need a converter to adjust the
generator voltage to the battery voltage. The alternating voltage is generated
phase, and the battery voltage is continuous, so that converter is necessary. The
converter can be constructed only with a diode rectifier bridge, which rectifies
voltage. The rectified voltage value is variable, depending on the speed of the
wind turbine, only a diode rectifier is sufficient to charge the batteries, but they
impose its voltage, so also impose a rotational speed of the turbine, significantly
decreasing performance.
Battery
It is used to store the energy in the form of dc power. So that we can utilise power
whenever required. It is basically electrolytic battery.
Invertor
Use to convert the dc power to ac power
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
ADVANTAGE:
Eco-friendly in nature.
Low maintenance.
Solar system only utilised in day .By implanting with wind turbine it can
work in night.
Renewable source of energy.
Efficiency increase.
