power generation by speed breaker is done by rack pinion method and piezoelectric method .

1. Silicon institute of technology
Sambalpur
A seminar report on–
Power generation through speed breaker
Submitted by:-
Ranjan Kumar Thakur
Reg no -1201341110
Branch–Electrical Engg
Sem 7th

2. Acknowledgement:-
I would like to convey my sincere thanks to Ms Lopa Mudra Nayak
(Electrical department) for giving us such a wonderful opportunity to
improve our skills through these seminars. I would like to
Express my deep sense of gratitude, indebtedness to all the
Faculty members for their guidance, ever inspiring, help
affectionate, encouragement and motivation. They have been
a great source of inspiration for me. I have been receiving valuable
Suggestions from them. No words are sufficient to express my gratitude
to my friends for their exemplary patience Understanding, co-operation
& for creating congenial environment to out this work.

3. Abstract:-
In India there are very crises of electricity in everywhere almost the all
Parts of India. By considering this issue a step has been taken which
Will reduce the crises of electricity. In this project we are trying to
Utilize one such source which was wasted before now the source is
Speed breaker that is ‘electricity generation through speed breaker’.
In this techniques when a vehicle passes through a speed breaker, by
the weight of vehicle a speed breaker moves downward by certain
Distance and a spring is arranged in such way that by the compression of
Spring a potential energy is applied to a spring gear system. By the
Conservation of energy we get a kinetic energy which is fed to Rotate
the shaft of alternator in this way an ac power is generated Which may
Step up by a transformer according to the need of demand .Generated
Power can be used for any purpose such as blowing of Street light,
Traffic light etc.

4. Content:-
1. Introduction
2. Rack –pinionmechanism
3. Project description
4. Result
5. Advantage/limitation
6. Piezoelectric material
7. Project description
8. Result
9. Advantage and conclusion

5. Introduction:-
By this project an attempt has been done so that a lot of energy
wasted in the speed breaker in the form of heat or by friction of
Tyres of car every time a vehicle passes over it. The number of
vehicles passing over the speed breaker in roads is increasing day
by day. There is great possibility of utilizing this energy and
generating power by making the speed-breaker as a power generation
unit. The generated power can be used for the lamps, street light or
traffic light near the speed breakers. This present work an attempt has
been made to design a ramp, which can utilize the kinetic energy of
vehicles in power generation. This type of ramp is best suited for
the places where the speed breaker is a necessity. The places like
Toll bridges or on vehicle parking stands are best for its
utilization. There are many method for use of kinetic energy of vehicle
such rank –pinion method , using spring gear arrangement having
flywheel ,with the help of piezoelectric materials. Every method has
certain own aspects that is merit and demerit. Each method can be used
differently in different area each has certain requirement on the basis by
which it can used .

6. Using piezoelectric material:-
Piezoelectricity: A brief details --------
When a pressure is applied to the crystal of piezoelectric material by the
property of piezoelectricity it transform Mechanical strain to electricity.
The piezoelectric materials that exist naturally as quartz were not
properties for the production of electricity, however artificial
piezoelectric materials such as PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate).This may
take the form of a separation of electric Charge across the crystal lattice.
If the material is not short circuited, The applied charge induces a
voltage across the material. The word piezo is derived from the Greek
word piezien, which means to Squeeze or press. The conversion of
mechanical energy into electrical one is generally achieved by
converters alternator type or commonly known dynamo. The
phenomenon that produces an electric charge when a force is applied to
piezoelectric material is known as the piezoelectric effect.

7. Project description :
A piezoelectric material is made up of both positively and negatively
charged particles arranged in such a way that all the positively-charged
particles and all the negatively-charged particles are grouped about the
same central point. Here one important thing is that it is not necessary
the need of speed Breaker it may be used in the road too.
Figure shows a sheet of piezoelectric materials are arranged on the road.
.

8. Continue
If two opposite faces of a crystal are placed under pressure by
means of the weight of vehicle.
the crystal can be slightly flattened and distorted, and the charged
particles making up the crystals are pushed together and spread out
sideways. This means there is, in effect, a separation of positive and
negative charges and a potential difference is therefore created between
two faces of the crystal causing the Output voltage and power is directly
proportional the pressure applied that is the weight of the vehicle .

9. Result –
Voltage gradually increased by increasing of time under the random
force and it yields an efficiency of 65-75 %. Analytical investigation
gives around 8.4 watts usable power is generated. When 2 KN load
applied through piezo crystal, the electrical output voltage power is
12500 V. Through the excitation of a piezoelectric plate, it is
demonstrated that a 40 mah battery can be charged in less than half
an hour. Mainly the voltage is generated is directly proportional to the
applied mechanical stress.

10. Advantages-
 Small size
 Light wight
 Pollution free
 Low noise
 Cost effective for implementation it is so because The assembly
developed using series and parallel combination of piezo-
crystals is very cost effective. A single crystal costs around
23-25 Rupees, and hence the cost of whole assembly is very
less.
 It can be widely used in every where such on the road , bus stand
,car parking.
 It can also be used in footstep, in the shoes.
 It is also applicable to disco.

11. Using rack-pinion mechanism
According to statistics provided by the Ministry of road Transport &
Highways, in India the lengths of national highway till year 2012 was
About 76,818 km and 15-20 highways are there in each state. In
year 2002, 58.8 million and in 2004, 72.7 million vehicles were running
on Indian roads. The annual rate of growth of motor vehicle population
in India has been almost 10 percent during the last decade. on road these
vehicles waste a lot amount of energy due to speed breakers. There a
speed breaker is considered for this purpose for generation of electricity
and it may reduce the crises of electricity somehow without and
environment pollution and noise. many method were introduced
according to situation . After each generation the efficiency of model
increased and the limitations reduced .

12. Project description:
Some Terminologies–
sprocket chain drive - It Transfers
rotary motion between two shafts And a chain is provided which
transform mechanical energy to gear so that a gear may rotate in a
particular direction .

13. gear:-
The input gear transfers power to the output gear.
Flywheel:- This is used to store the energy and maintain the energy
at an uniform level so that the shaft rotate at an uniform r.p.m. It
absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the energy when it
is required.
Rack- pinion:- The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary
and translatary motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while
the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear of
from linear to rotary motion.

14. Operation –
When the vehicle will come on the roof of speed breaker because of the
weight of top portion of the vehicle , speed breaker moves down wards
and the springs that are attached to the speed breaker are compressed
and the rack, which is attached to the bottom of the speed breaker
moves downward in reciprocating motion. The shaft consisting of the
U portion rotated in a particular direction. Due to this rotation of the
shaft, the sprocket will rotate and the rotational energy from one
shaft is transferred to the other shaft with the help of chain drive
arrangement. This rotates the gear which is mount on the bottom
shaft. This rotation of the gear rotate the shaft of generator and when
the shaft of the generator rotate we get a rotating circular magnetic
and by principle of faraday’s law an emf is generated and the direction
will be taken by lenz’s law. The generated electricity which can be
stored in the battery and on the basis of application it can be converted
in A.C. current using inverter circuit and the inverted ac power can
be used for lighting of the lamps signals, street light and many more
as per damand on the road or locality.
Block diagram of operation:

15. Result/observation
A vehicle weighing 1,000kg passes over the system it pushes the
damper to a depth of 10 cm it can produce approximately 0.98 kilowatt
power (ideally). So from one such speed breaker on a busy
highway, where about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one
kilowatt of electricity can be produced energy single minute.
Actualy the research on this topic are being continue therefore in the
next two or three year we may get more and more efficient method so
that more and more we may generate power through speed breaker.

16. Advantage:-
 Require simple construction methods.
 Free from all types of pollutions.
 It is economical and easy to install.
 Maintenance cost is low
 Good energy efficiency
 No fuel transportation problem.
 No requirement of fossil fuel.
 We can use it at all places according to desired design.

17. Comparison from other source:-
When it is compared in term of cost of production from the other power
generation source such as hydro power or thermal power plant a result
is that ,the cost of electricity generation and storage per mega watt
from speed-breakers will be nearly Rs 10 million as opposed to about
Rs 80 million in thermal or hydro power stations.
Limitations:-
 Selecting appropriate rating of generator.
 Selection of springs of certain diameter and certain flexibility.
 It will be more efficient for heavy vehicle. Thus by increasing
input torque and ultimately output of generator will increase.
 We have to check mechanism from time to time.
 An additional space is required for this process. So compact
mechanism will be required.

18. Conclusion:-
In the coming days, demand of electricity will be very high as it
is increasing every day, speed breaker power generator will
be more efficient and economical to the world Future.
More and more power can be generated through these method in the
coming days more improvement may carried out sothat maximum power
can be generated . It will be very efficient method in the coming days

19. Reference
www.wiki.com
www.ijert.com
www.ijesit.com
The end