IoT & ble beacons presentation in google devfest 2015 @Bangalore

1. INTERNET OF THINGS
Building beacons: the next big “thing “
Ravikiran
November 28, 2015
Bangalore, India

2. AGENDA
 Introduction
 Industry Forecast
 Architecture
 Enabling Technologies
 Security considerations
 Applications
 Challenges and issues
 Future of IoT

3. INTRODUCTION
 Internet of everything
 Connected devices
 Artificial Intelligence
 Minimal human interventions
 Combination of multiple technologies: Sensors, M2M.

4. INTERNET OF THINGS

5. IOT INDUSTRY FORECAST

6. IOT ARCHITECTURE

7. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

8. BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
 Operates in 2.4GHz-2.48GHz ISM band
 1Mbps over the air data exchange speed (theoretical)
 7.5ms – 4 S connection interval
 Max 6 packets per connection interval
 Max packet size 20 Bytes (increased to 256 in 4.2)
 133 * 7.5 = 1000ms
 Max bytes per sec = 133 conn. intervals*6 packets*20 bytes =
15960Bps = 125Kbps
 Range up to 100meter – 2m-5m optimal
 Bluetooth 4.0+ to support LE mode
 Bluetooth smart and smart ready support (dual mode)
 Low power consumption
 Fast connection time

9. BT/LE ARCHITECTURE

10. BLE FOR IOT
 Why BLE is popular in IoT world?
 Why it consumes lesser power than classic BT?

11. BLE PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL

12. ADVERTISEMENT

13. ADVERTISING PACKETS

14. SCAN & SCAN RESPONSE

15. PAIRING, CHANNEL ENCRYPTION AND LINK KEYS
 AES-128 with encryption engine
 Identity Resolving Key: for privacy
 Signing Resolving Key: authentication without
encryption
 LTK: used for encryption
 Paring encrypts the link using a temporary key
 Temporary key is derived key: pass key, nfc pair,
public key

16. CONNECTION ESTABLISHMENT
 Central initiates/terminates connection
 Connection is nothing but periodic exchange of data
at regular intervals
 Data exchange can be bidirectional, when connected
 FHSS – Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
 Channel = (current_channel+hop) mod 37
 Hop value will be communicated on successful connection.
 GFSK: Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying used to
encode bit stream over the air.
 Link layer manages the preamble, access address,
CRC, encryption, data whitening,

17. PROFILES VS PROTOCOLS
 Protocols:
 Protocol is the set of rules followed by different layers
 Protocol defines packets format, muxing, encoding and
decoding
 Protocols are the building blocks to assure device
conformant to bluetooth.org standard
 Profile:
 Profiles defines the basic modes of operation to be
supported by all devices conformant to bluetooth.org
standard
 These are the set of rules, which essentially define how to
use protocols

18. GENERIC PROFILES
 GAP:
 Defines usage model for low level radio
 Define roles & procedure to broadcast, discover, establish
connection and manage security etc.
 Top most control layer
 GATT:
 Entry point for the application to interact with protocol layer
 Enables discover, read, write and push data.
 Use case specific (GATT based):
 HRP, HID,
 PXP, FindMe
 Vendor specific:
 Apple ibeacon

19. SERVICES AND CHARACTERISTICS

20. SERVICES AND CHARACTERISTICS (CONTD…)
 Services:
 Break data into small logical entities
 Collection of characteristic entities
 16-bit/128 UUID
 Characteristics:
 Smallest data units of a service
 This is a encapsulated single data point
 Entities where actual exchange of data happens
 16-bit/128 UUID

21. UNIVERSAL UNIQUE IDENTIFIER:
 16-bit UUID are generally assigned by the
bluetooth.org
 128-bit UUID are custom ID’s.
 Service UUID
 Characteristics UUID

22. BLE FOR IOT RECAP
 Why BLE is popular in IoT world?
 Why it consumes lesser power than classic BT?

23. THREATS
 MITM: Man In The Middle attack
 Passive Eavesdropping
 Identity tracking

24. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
 Encryption
 Signed data
 Privacy feature
 Directed advertisement
 Private address
 Resolvable –private address
 Non resolvable private address
 Random address

25. BEACONS FOR BETTER USER EXPERIENCE
 Proximity based applications
 Retail
 Store notification
 System security
 Passenger navigation in airports
 Smart cities
 Medical devices
 Smart home

26. CHALLENGES
 Power optimization
 User experience
 Initial setup time
 Security threats

27. FUTURE OF IOT
 Smart cars
 Smart Couches
 Smart consumer goods
 Technology that could influence politics
 Potential opportunities and global trends
 Imagination is the limit

28. FAQ:
 Is BLE PHY layer is full duplex?
 No !
 What is the difference between GAT/GAP/ATT?
 ATT defines the fundamental storage unit for data in BLE.
 GATT defines server and client models
 GAP provides device information and service listing.
Enables device features like discovery, scan,
advertisement etc.
 What is the server client vs. master slave?
 Link layer defines - master/slave
 GATT defines - server/client
 GAP defines - Central/Pheripheral

29.  What is the MTU size limits?
 MAX=512, MIN=23
 Can slave and Master transmit on same channel?
 Yes ! On every connection it does so.

30. ???

31. REFERENCES
 https://developer.bluetooth.org
 http://www.bluetooth.com/
 https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us

33. APPENDIX

34. NFC (NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION)

35. NFC (CONTD…)
 Works on the basis of electro magnetic radio fields
 13.54MHz operating band – same as RFID
 Active and Passive modes of operation
 No requirement for an additional battery (passive
mode)
 Short range technology – 10cm
 Highly secure compare to any other competing
technologies - (rfid/ble)
 Smart card protocol support (contact less smart
cards)