Interoperability is a key requirement for the IoT but what does it really mean? Standard protocols for different vendor's devices to interact with each other? Connection between different languages and operating systems? Wireless technology choice? A way for devices to interact with the cloud? Does it include data syntax? Must we model semantics? Can security interoperate? RTI, the world's largest embedded middleware company, participates in about 15 different "interoperability" efforts, including FACE (avionics), GVA (European vehicle architecture), SGIP (smart grid) and ICE (medical systems). We are leaders in the Industrial IoT and its leading consortium, the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). This session will examine the depth of the interoperability problem and explore solutions. Presented by Stan Schneider, RTI CEO at IoTDevCon 2015

1. What does Interoperability Mean for the IoT?
Stan Schneider, RTI CEO
IIC Steering Committee Member

2. ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
The smart machine era will be the most disruptive in the history of IT
-- Gartner 2015

3. What is the Internet of Things?
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)Consumer Internet of Things (CIoT)
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

4. World Economic Forum 2015
• The Industrial Internet will transform many
industries, including:
– Manufacturing
– Oil and gas
– Agriculture
– Mining
– Transportation
– Healthcare
• …and dwarf the consumer side
• Collectively, these account for nearly two-
thirds of the world economy
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

5. 160+ companies
Goal: build and prove a common
architecture that interoperates
between vendors and across industries

6. 160+ Companies, 22 Countries

7. The Industrial Internet Consortium
• Ground Zero for the IIoT: 160+ members
• RTI role
– Data management (lead), security (co-lead), use
case (lead), architecture, marketing, liaison, safety
– RTI CEO elected to Steering Committee (board)
– Lead 4 testbeds
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

8. RTI’s Experience
• Designed into over $1 T of IIoT
– Healthcare
– Transportation
– Communications
– Energy
– Industrial
– Defense
• 15+ Standards & Consortia Efforts
– Interoperability
– Multi-vendor ecosystems
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9. RTI Named Most Influential IIoT Company
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10. IIoT Interoperability Challenges
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11. Interoperable Open Architecture Across Systems
• Next-generation of
– Lockheed Aegis
– Raytheon DDG 1000
– Raytheon SSDS
– LCS (Lockheed and GDAIS)
– Raytheon LPD-17
– Many more, US and allies
• Highly distributed systems include
radar, weapons, displays, controls
• Data-centric middleware breaks
vendor lock-in, drives interoperability
,and future-proofs the architectural
design
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

12. Plug-n-Play Interoperability Across Vendors
• Audi hardware-in-the-loop simulation feeds
realistic data to components for testing
• The system offers plug-n-play between
simulation vendor solutions
• Data centricity enables a modular test
environment that scales to work with
hundreds of devices
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

13. Interoperate Between Intelligence and Legacy
• The VW Driver Assistance and
Integrated Safety system combines
radars, proximity sensors, and video
to assist safe operation
• It helps avoid obstacles, detect lane
departures, track eye activity, and
safely negotiate bends
• The V-Charge program demoed an
auto-charging and parking vehicle in
2014
• The system integrates with existing
CANbus through VW Cargate™ ECU
• Data centric middleware enables
advanced reactive systems in
transportation
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xQfKTAtyNU

14. Interoperate Between Product Lines
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Revolution®
"GE Healthcare chose the DDS
standard because it can handle
many classes of intelligent machines.
RTI Connext DDS satisfies the
demanding requirements of our
devices and supports
standardization on a single
communications platform across
product lines."
-- J Gustavo Perez, General Manager for
MI&CT Engineering

15. Interoperate Between Connected Devices
• Hospital error is the 6th
leading cause of
preventable death
• The Integrated Clinical
Environment (ICE)
standard specifies
interoperability for
medical devices
• DDS ties together many
classes of devices from
many vendors
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
“RTI Connext DDS met all our needs – whether
we’re handling 12 patients, or 200.”
-- DocBox Founder, Tracy Rausch

16. Interoperate Across Large Systems
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
1000s of patients, >100k devices

17. Interoperate Between Control Systems
• NASA KSC uses RTI for the
launch control SCADA for
Orion
• 300k points, at 400k msgs/sec
• Launch control, in-flight
monitoring, UAV tracking
ground station, LPD recovery
ship…all run DDS
• DDS connects thousands of
sensors and actuators
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

18. Interoperate Device-to-Cloud
• Eze Software
delivers financial
trading software to
more than 1,500
buy-side and sell-
side institutions in
30 countries
• DDS enables cloud
connectivity for the
Eze financial trading
platform.
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Analytics
Connext TCP (WAN)
Client
Client
Client
Client
Logging
Redundant, Load-
Balanced
Reliable Multicast
Data Center Cloud
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Gateway
Processor
Load
Balancer
(F5)
ConnextInputBus
Connext Processing Bus
Monitor
QueueQueueIn-memory
workflow

19. Interoperate Between Teams
• Raytheon uses RTI middleware to control
the new Zumwalt DDG 1000 destroyer
• DDS coordinates and manages complex,
diverse onboard hardware and software
systems
• The system connects hundreds of
computers, 1500 teams building thousands
of applications, and more than 10m publish-
subscribe pairs
• Data centric middleware extends real-time
scalability
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

20. Interoperate Between Plant Components
• DDS controls the 6.8 GW GC Dam
– Largest power plant in North America
– Fastest-responding major power source on
the Western Grid
– Requires 24x7 operation
• DDS met the challenges
– Extreme availability
– Wide area communications
– Multi-level routing
– High security
– 300k data values
• RTI system live since Jan 2014
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

21. Interoperate Between Vendor Components of a Solution
Goals
• Efficiently use solar, wind, & EVs
• Create an open marketplace
• Prove viability DataBus
Leads
• RTI: DDS middleware and system integration
• NI: Engineering software and hardware
• Cisco: Grid communications
Phases
1. Proof of Concept at National Instruments
2. Realistic simulation at Southern Cal Edison
3. Live test at CPS Energy San Antonio Grid of the
Future

22. Data Centricity Enables
Interoperability
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

23. ©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Comic from xkcd.com

24. Data Centric is Different!
© 2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Point-to-Point
TCP
Sockets
Publish/Subscribe
Fieldbus
CANbus
Queuing
AMQP
Active MQ
Data-Centric
DDS
Shared Data Model
DataBus
Client/Server
MQTT
REST
XMPP
OPC
Brokered
ESB
Daemon

25. It’s All About the Data
Data centricity enables interoperation, scale, integration
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Unstructured files
Database
Data Centricity Data at Rest
Messaging middleware
DataBus
Data Centricity Data in Motion

26. Data Centric is the Opposite of OO
Object Oriented
• Encapsulate data
• Expose methods
Data Centric
• Encapsulate methods
• Expose data
Explicit
Shared
Data
Model
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

27. Data Centricity Enables Interoperability
• Global Data Space
– Automatic discovery
– Read & write data in
any OS, language,
transport
– Redundant
sources/sinks/nets
• Type Aware
• No Servers
• QoS control
– Timing, Reliability,
Ownership,
Redundancy,
Filtering, Security
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Shared Global Data Space
DDS DataBus
Patient Hx
Device
Identity
Devices
SupervisoryCDS
Physiologic
State
NursingStation
Cloud
Offer: Write this
1000x/sec
Reliable for 10 secs
Request: Read this 10x/sec
If patient = “Joe”

28. Why Choose DDS?
• Reliability: Severe consequences if offline for 5 minutes?
• Performance/scale:
– Measure in ms or µs?
– Or scale > 20+ applications or 10+ teams?
– Or 10k+ data values?
• Architecture: Code active lifetime >3 yrs?
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
2 or 3 Checks?

29. Interoperability of the Word “Interoperability”
“Interoperability” is meaningless without “between”
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

30. Interoperability Between Language, OS, Chip
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
C on VxWorks
ppc
C# on Windows
x86
Java on Android
C++ on Linux
Labview on
Windows
Excel on
Windows
Node.js on Cloud
JavaScript in
Browser
DDS Databus
Serialize native
types to
implement data
model on
standard wire
protocol

31. Interoperability Between Data Models
• Proximity
• Platform
• Language
• Physical network
• Transport protocol
• Network topology
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
DDS “DataBus”
Seamless data sharing regardless of:
Explicit Shared
Data Model with
Controlled QoS

32. Interoperability Between Networks
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Image Store
Machine Domain
Scanner
HMI
Machine Net
Gantry
Servo
Machine Control (SRIO)
Emitter
Control
Dosage
Monitor
ECG Sync
Scanner
Control
Power
System
Patient
Status
Image Domain
Image Databus
Image
Generation
Scanner Data
Acquisition
Bridge data
model and QoS
across network
types

33. Interoperability Between Devices
Map unique devices
to standard, common
data model
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.

34. Interoperability Between Standard Implementations
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
OCI ETRI PrismTech IBM RTI TwinOaks

35. Unit DataBus
Unit DataBus
Interoperability Between IT & OT
• Connect…
– Fast
– Seamless
– QoS controlled
– Secure
– Data centric
• Across 80 Platforms…
• Over 12 Transports
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Intelligent
Machines
Intelligent
Systems
Intelligent
Industrial
Internet
Cloud DataBus
Site DataBus
Intelligent
System of
Systems
Unit DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Sense Act
Think HMI
Machine DataBus
Hide
Sensor-
Cloud
complex
topology
behind a
single
logical
DataBus

36. Interoperability Between Subsystems & Protocols
• Bridge
– Data models
– Protocols
– Security domains
• Isolate subsystems
– Control export
– Filter access
– Translate models
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Other
protocols
Routing Service
Pluggable Adapters
Transformation Engine
System
Super System
Subsystem
Subsystem
Subsystem
Subsystem

37. Interoperability Between Security Entities
• Per-Topic Security
– Control r,w access for each function
– Ensures proper dataflow operation
• Complete Protection
– Discovery authentication
– Data-centric access control
– Cryptography
– Tagging & logging
– Non-repudiation
– Secure multicast
– 100% standards compliant
• No code changes!
• Plugin architecture for advanced uses
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
CBM AnalysisPMU Control Operator
State Alarms SetPoint
Topic Security model:
• PMU: State(w)
• CBM: State(r); Alarms(w)
• Control: State(r), SetPoint(w)
• Operator: *(r), Setpoint(w)

38. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_interoperability
Bridge transports transparently
Physical
Standard protocols (DDS)
“Typesafe” shared schema (IDL/XML)
Industry-specific, standard data models
Interoperability Recommendation
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
Interoperability is
about sharing Data
Model and QoS

39. The Real Challenge: Span the IIoT
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.
…the “Industrial Internet” <will> start
the next Industrial Revolution.
Joe Salvo, GE; Founder of the IIC
The real value is an architecture that
spans industries and unites sensor to
cloud.

40. Build the Right Future
©2015 Real-Time Innovations, Inc.