First aid MAPEH9 Health Education

BASIC FIRST AID
FIRST AID
an immediate &
temporary care given to a
person who suddenly gets
ill or injured

BASIC FIRST AID
Includes self-help &
home care
Mean the difference between
life & death
Improper first aid can do more
harm than good

BASIC FIRST AID
ROLES of FIRST AID
It is not intended to compete with
or take place the services of the
physician
It ends when the services of the
physician begins
It is a bridge that fills the gap
between the victim & physician

BASIC FIRST AID
OBJECTIVES of FIRST AID
To prolong life
To alleviate suffering
To save lives
To prevent further damage

BASIC FIRST AID
CHARACTERISTICS of a
GOOD FIRST AIDER
Observant – notices all signs
Gentle – does not cause pain
Resourceful – makes the best of things at hand
Sympathetic – comforts & reassures the victim
Tactful – not frighten the victim

BASIC FIRST AID
PRINCIPLES of FIRST AID
DO reassure & comfort the victim
DO stay calm
DO check for a medical bracelet
indicating a condition
DO keep the victim covered to
reduce shock
DO loosen any tight clothing
DOs in giving First Aid

BASIC FIRST AID
PRINCIPLES of FIRST AID
DON’T move an injured person
unless you need to place him/her in
the recovery position
DON’T give food & drink to an
unconscious person
DON’Ts in giving First Aid

SURVEY
of the
SCENE & the
VICTIMS

1. Is anyone
in danger?
2. Move to the
quietest
victim?
3. Open the
airway
4. Check for
Breathing
5. Look for
signs of
circulation
Start Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)
(Combine rescue
breathing with Chest
Compressions)
Continue Rescue
Breathing
Check for signs of
Circulation every minute
Steps in assessing
EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS

Difference between
SIGNS
Discovered by
applying our
senses – SIGHT,
TOUCH,
HEARING &
SMELL
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
SYMTPOMS
Sensations that the
victim FEELS or
EXPERIENCES &
may be able to
describe

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
when giving First Aid
Used when the victim is unconscious & to
find out & immediately treat life-threatening
conditions
PRIMARY SURVEY
Used when the victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect everything about
the patient’s condition
SECONDARY SURVEY

PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
Open the Airway
Check for Breathing
Check for Circulation

SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
Checking for Vital Signs
SAMPLE PAIN
a. Pulse Rate
b. Temperature
c. Respiration
d. Skin Color
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back

PRIMARY SURVEY

PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Consciousness
1. Ask the victim: “Hey, hey, are you
okay?” while carefully shaking the
victim’s shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not even
mumbles or groans, the victim is
unconscious & in need of immediate
medical help.

PRIMARY SURVEY
1. The victim’s unconsciousness maybe
due to an obstruction in his/her airway
Open the Airway
2. Find out if there is loss of muscular
control in the throat area
3. Lift the chin & tilt the head of the victim

PRIMARY SURVEY
Check for Breathing
Put your face near the victim’s mouth &
look, listen, & feel for breathing
OBSERVE:
Chest movement
Sound breathing
Feel of breath on cheek

PRIMARY SURVEY
1. Locate pulse using your middle & index
finger
2. Poor blood circulation may be reflected
on pale skin.
THIS is FATAL
3. To revive circulation, perform CPR
immediately
Check for Circulation

SECONDARY SURVEY

SECONDARY SURVEY
History Taking
S ymptoms (chief complaint of patient)
A llergy (allergic to anything)
M edication (medicines currently taking)
P revious illness (that may be related to problem)
L ast meal (only for subject to operation)
E vents (prior to what happened)
P eriod of pain (how long? What started it?)
A rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
I ntensity (how painful? Scale from 1 to 10)
N ullify (what stopped it?)

SECONDARY SURVEY
Checking for Vital Signs
a. Pulse Rate
adult 60 – 70/min
children over 7y/o 80 – 90/min
children 1-7y/o 80 – 120/min
infants 110 – 130/min
b. Temperature
normal - 37⁰C
c. Respiration
adult 12 – 20 breaths per minute
infants 40 breaths per minute
d. Skin Color

SECONDARY SURVEY
Head to Toe Examination
Head & neck, eyes, chest,
abdomen, & back
Check for bleeding, bruises, fracture,
dislocation, lumps, movement, etc.

DRESSING & BANDAGES
DRESSING
A piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection
and/or to stop bleeding
BANDAGES
COLD COMPRESS
Used to reduce swelling & relieve pain especially for sprains &
strains
Used to apply pressure to bleeding; for covering wounds &
burns; and providing support for immobilization for broken
bones

DRESSING & BANDAGES
WOUNDS
Piercing wound caused by nails, needles & other pointed objects
PUNCTURE
ABRASION
LACERATION
Caused by rubbing or scraping against a rough surface
Blunt break or tearing of tissues
AVULSION
INCISION
Cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object
Forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues

DRESSING & BANDAGES
TRANSPORTING an injured person to a safer
place requires great care.
Factors to consider:
- Weight & height of victim
- Status of victim (conscious or unconscious)
- Environment (safe, floor is smooth, narrow or wide)
- Special need considerations (injuries of the victim)

DRESSING & BANDAGES
ONE-MAN CARRY
Easiest way to transport a light & smaller victim
Fireman’s Carry
Piggy Back
Pack Strap Carry
When the victim is conscious
When the victim is smaller than the first aider
Fireman’s Drag or Tied-hands Crawl
Shoulder Drag
Used when the floor is smooth, short distance transport
Used when first aider & victim must crawl under a low structure
Blanket Drag
Used when victim is seriously injured & can’t be lifted

DRESSING & BANDAGES
TWO-MAN CARRY
When there are two first aiders & a chair is available
Chair or Seat Carry
Bearer Along Side
Hammock Carry
When there are three first aiders
Carriers will stay on the uninjured side of the victim
Six Man Lift and Carry
When there are six first aiders
THREE or MORE-MAN TRANSPORT

FIRST AID
for
COMMON UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES

FRACTURE
A break or crack in a bone
An open fracture pierces
the skin surface
A closed fracture when the
skin is intact
DISLOCATION
Is a partial or complete
displacement of the bone
FIRST AID for COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES

FRACTURE DISLOCATION
FIRST AID
1. Call for help immediately
2. Splint the affected part
3. Do not try to move a
dislocated part or force it
back into place
4. Apply ice on the injured
part to reduce swelling
FIRST AID
1. Check vital signs
2. Do not move injured part
3. Stop bleeding if there is
any
4. If you have to move the
person, immobilized the
broken part with splinting
5. Seek medical help
immediately

SPRAIN
Is an injury of the ligament
of a bone due to
accidental tearing or
overstretching
STRAIN
Is an injury to the muscles
which is a result of
improper use of the
muscles
FIRST AID
1. Rest injured part
2. Apply Ice
3. Compress the injured part
4. Elevate the injured part

HEAT
EXHAUSTION
Is caused by loss of salt
and water due to
excessively high
temperature. This may
lead to heatstroke and
even death
FIRST AID
1. Transport a victim to a
cooler place
2. Give him/her plenty of
water
3. Check for vital signs
4. Seek medical help

FOOD
POISONING
Is caused by
consuming food or
drink that is
contaminated with
bacteria or viruses
FIRST AID
1. Help the person to lie down
and rest
2. Give him plenty of flavourless
fluids to drink and a bowl to use
if he vomits
3. Call for medical help if the
condition worsens

CHOKING Results when a foreign obje
blocks the throat
FIRST AID
1. Ask the person if he is choking
2. Encourage him/her to cough
3. When the person cannot speak or stops coughing, give him
five back blows. Stand behind him and help him lean forward. Support his
chest with one hand, and give five sharp blows between the shoulder blades
with the heel of your hand
4. If back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the person
and put your arms around the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist with
thumbs inward. Place it between navel and the bottom of breastbone. Grasp
your fist with your other hand. Pull sharply inwards and upwards up to five times.
5. Check his mouth. If obstruction is not cleared, repeat the back blows and
abdominal thrusts.
6. If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an ambulance.
Continue until help arrives.

DROWNING
Happens when air
cannot get into the
lungs because of
water. It can cause
immediate death when
taken for granted
FIRST AID
1. Lay the person down on his back
2. Check breathing and open airway
3. Give rescue breaths and chest
compression, if necessary
4. If the person is breathing, place
him in the recovery position
5. Treat for hypothermia by removing
wet clothing and covering him with
a dry blanket

HEART
ATTACK
Is caused by a sudden
obstruction of blood
supply to the part of
the heart muscles
FIRST AID
1. Help the person sit or lie
down with head elevated.
2. Call for medical help
3. If the person is conscious,
give him a full-dose aspirin
and advise him to chew it
slowly
4. Constantly monitor the vital
signs. Be prepared to give
rescue breaths and chest
compression

CHEMICAL
BURNS
May occur when
electricity passes
through the body
FIRST AID
1. Make sure that contact with
electrical source is broken
2. Flood the sites of injury at the entry
and exit points of the current with
plenty of cold water
3. Wear disposable gloves and place
a sterile dressing or a bandage
over the burn to protect it from
airborne infection
5. Reassure the victim and treat for
shock

BURNS
Are often due to
domestic incidents
such as touching a hot
iron, friction (rope
burn) or spilling boiling
water on the skin
FIRST AID
MINOR BURNS
1. Flood the injured area with
cold water for at least how
long to stop the burning
and relieve pain
2. Put on gloves and cover
the area with sterile non-
adhesive dressing or
bandage

BURNS
FIRST AID
SEVERE BURNS
1. Help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt area
from coming into contact with the ground. Douse the burn
with plenty of cold liquid
2. Seek for medical assistance. Do not delay medical help
3. Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings,
watches, belts, shoes, or smouldering clothing before the
tissues begin to swell
4. Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is sticking
on the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-adhesive dressing or
bandage
5. Continue to monitor vital signs
6. Reassure casualty and treat for shock.

HEAT STROKE
Is caused by a failure
of the “thermostat” in
the brain to regulate
body temperature.
When this happens,
the body becomes
seriously heated
FIRST AID
1. Move the person immediately to a cool
place
2. Remove as much of his outer clothing as
possible
4. Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet and
keep the sheet wet until his temperature
drops to 38 °C or 37.5°C under the
tongue and armpit, respectively
5. If the person has returned to normal
temperature, replace wet sheet with dry
one
6. Monitor vital signs until help arrives
7. If temperature rises, repeat the cooling
process

STROKE
Is a condition in
which the blood
supply to a part
of the brain is
suddenly and
seriously
impaired by a
blood clot or
ruptured blood
vessel
FIRST AID
1. If the person is conscious, help him to lie
down with his head and shoulders slightly
raised and supported
2. Incline his head to the affected side and
place a towel on his shoulder to absorb
any dribbling
3. Call for help
4. Loosen any tight clothing
5. Monitor vital signs and reassure the victim
6. If the victim is unconscious, give rescue
breathing and chest compression
7. Call for an ambulance or call for help

1. It is an immediate &
temporary care given to a
person who suddenly gets ill or
or injured.
A. First Aid C. CPR
B. Emergency D. Survey

2. All, but one, are
characteristics of a first aider.
A. Creative C. Gentle
B. Tactful D. Resourceful

3. Which is a DO in giving first
aid?
A. DO tell the victim his injuries
B. DO stay calm
C. DO give food and water
D. DO move the victim

4. A survey used when the victim
is unconscious & to find out &
immediately treat life-
threatening conditions
A. Secondary C. Tertiary
B. Primary D. Major

5. A survey used when the
victim is conscious or has
revived. It aims to detect
everything about the patient’s
patient’s condition
A. Tertiary C. Secondary
B. Primary D. Major

6. What is the normal body
temperature of a person?
A. 37.5°C C. 37°C
B. 36°C D. 38°C

7. What is the ideal pulse rate
for adult at rest?
A. 80-100 bpmC. 60-80 bpm
B. 50-70 bpm D. 60-70 bpm

8. What is a normal respiration
rate for an adult at rest?
A. 15-25breaths C. 10-15breaths
B. 20-30breaths D. 12-20breaths

9. It is a piece of sterile cloth that
covers a wound to prevent infection.
A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint

10. A triangular cloth used to
apply pressure to control
bleeding.
A. Dressing C. Compress
B. Bandages D. Splint

For #s 11-20.
TRUE or FALSE.
Write T if the statement is
TRUE and F if not.

11. First aid acts as a bridge
that fills the gap between the
victim & physician
T or F

12. Hot compress is used to
reduce swelling and relieve
pain.
T or F

13. First aid’s role is to compete
with or take place the services
services of the physician
T or F

14. Signs are what an
observant see while symptom
is what the person feels.
T or F

15. The objectives of first aid
are to save lives, prolong life,
alleviate suffering, and prevent
further injuries.
T or F

16. A puncture wound is
caused by rubbing or scraping
against a rough surface.
T or F

17. An incision wound is a cut
caused by knife, broken glass or
any sharp object.
T or F

18. Blanket drag is done by
putting the victim on the
shoulders of the first aider.
T or F

19. The weight and height of
the victim should be
considered in transporting
him/her.
T or F

20. Hammock carry is done
when there are three or more
first aiders to transport the
victim.
T or F

For #s 21-30.
IDENTIFY THE
INJURY/ FIRST
AID.

21-24. For muscle and bone
injuries, what first aid should
be given?
R I C E

R _____ injured part
Apply I _____
C ______ injured part
E ______ injured part

25. An injury caused by failure
of the “thermostat” in the
brain to regulate body
temperature.
A. Heat Stroke C. Stroke
B. Heart Attack D. Choking

26. It results when a foreign
object blocks the airway.

27. It is caused by a sudden
obstruction of blood supply to
the part of the heart muscle.

28. A condition where the
blood supply to the brain is
impaired by a blood clot.

29. What do you do if you were
burned by touching a hot iron, rope
burn or by spilled boiling water.
A. Flood with cold water
B. Put toothpaste
C. Cover with cotton
D. Ask victim to lie down

30. When a person in choking,
ALL but one should be done.
A. Encourage him to cough
B. If conscious, ask to lie down
C. Give back blows
D. Do abdominal thrusts

1. A 6. C
2. A 7. D
3. B 8. D
4. B 9. A
5. C 10. B

11. T 16. F
12. F 17. T
13. F 18. F
14. T 19. T
15. T 20. T

21. REST
22. ICE
23. COMPRESSION/
COMPRESS
24. ELEVATE/ ELEVATION

25. A
26. D
27. B
28. C
29. A
30. B

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