A group presentation by: Daniel Edward Ricio Hannah Dy Ian Tantoco Umali Andrea Hizon

1. CHAPTER 6Selection and Placement Presented By: Daniel Edward Ricio Hannah Dy Ian TantocoUmali Andrea Hizon

2. Outline of the Report Introduction Selection Method Standards for Evaluation Purposes Types of Selection Methods

3. Introduction Personnel selection is the process by which companies decide who will or will not be allowed into the organization. The chapter will give ways to minimize errors in having a good selection and placement of employees of which can improve the organization’s competitive position.

4. Selection Method Standards for Evaluation Purposes Reliability Validity Generalizability Utility Legality

5. RELIABILITY

6. Selection Method Standard:“Reliability” Reliability is the degree to which a measure of physical or cognitive abilities, or traits, is free from random error. Involves selecting applicants based from their characteristics that the organization is looking for. It uses statistical tools and graphs to test relationships between sets of numbers . A perfect positive relationship equals +1.0 A perfect negative relationship equals - 1.0

7. Selection Method Standard:“Reliability” Examples of Reliability Standards: Physical Characteristics (Height, Strength or Endurance) Cognitive Abilities (Mathematical Ability or Verbal Reasoning Capacity) Personality (Initiative or Integrity)

8. VALIDITY

9. Selection Method Standard:“Validity” Validity is the extent to which a performance measure assesses all the relevant—and only the relevant—aspects of job performance. The measure has the to be RELIABLE (e.g. Height) if it is to have any VALIDITY.

10. Selection Method Standard:“Validity” Criterion-related validation is a method of establishing the validity of a personnel selection method by showing a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores. There are two types: Predictive validation – A study that seeks to establish an empirical relationship between applicants’ test scores and their eventual performance on the job. Concurrent validation – A test administered to all people currently in a job.

11. Selection Method Standard:“Validity” Predictive validation is superior to concurrent validation for three reasons: Job applicants are typically motivated to perform well on the tests than are current employees. Current employees have learned many things on the job that applicants have not yet learned. Current employees tend to be homogeneous.

12. Selection Method Standard:“Validity” Content validation is a test-validation strategy performed by demonstrating that the items, questions, or problems posed by a test are a representative sample of the kinds of situations or problems that occur on the job. Best for small samples Content validity is achieved primarily through a process of expert judgment

13. GENERALIZABILITY

14. Selection Method Standard:“Generalizability” Generalizabilityis the degree to which the validity of a selection method established in one context extends to other contexts. Three contexts include: different situations different samples of people different time periods

15. Selection Method Standard:“Generalizability” It was once believed that validity coefficients were situationally specific—that is, the level of correlation between test and performance would vary as one went from one organization to another.

16. Selection Method Standard:“Generalizability” It was also believed that tests showed differential subgroup validity, which meant that the validity coefficients for any test-job performance pair was different for people of different races or genders.

17. Selection Method Standard:“Generalizability” Validity generalization stands as an alternative for validating selection methods for companies that cannot employ criterion-related or content validation.

18. UTILITY

19. Selection Method Standard:“Utility” Utility is the degree to which the information provided by selection methods enhances the effectiveness of selecting personnel in organizations. It is impacted by reliability, validity, and generalizability.

20. Selection Method Standard:“Utility” Other factors will influence utility even when the latter is constant. For example, the selection ratio, which is the percentage of people tested versus the total number of applicants, will impact utility as well as the number of people selected, race of employee turnover, and level of perfor­mance among chose who leave.

21. LEGALITY

22. Selection Method Standard:“Legality” All selection methods must conform to existing laws and legal precedents. Three acts have formed the basis for a majority of the suits filed by job applicants: Civil Rights Act of 1964 and 1991 Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991

24. SELECTION METHODS

25. Types of Selection Methods Interviews Honesty Tests and Drug Tests References and Biographical Data HR Work Samples JOBS Physical Ability Tests Personality Inventories Cognitive Ability Tests

26. INTERVIEW

27. Selection Method:“Interview” Selection interviews are defined as a dialogue initiated by one or more persons to gather information and evaluate the qualifications of an applicant for employment. Interviews are the most widely used selection method, although research suggests it can be unreliable, low in validity, and biased against a number of groups.

28. SITUATIONALINTERVIEW

29. Selection Method:“Situational Interview” A situational interview confronts applicants on specific issues, questions, or problems that are likely to arise on the job. These interviews consist of: experience-based questions future-oriented questions

30. OTHER SELECTION METHOD

31. Other Selection Methods References, Biographical Data, and Application Blanks gather background information on candidates. Physical Ability Tests - Relevant for predicting not only job performance but occupational injuries and disabilities.

32. Other Selection Methods Cognitive Ability Test - Differentiates individuals based on their mental rather than physical capacities. Personality inventories - Categorize individuals by their personality characteristics. Work Samples - Simulate the job in miniaturized form.

33. Other Selection Methods Honesty Test - Paper-and-pencil honesty testing attempts to assess the likelihood that employees will steal. Drug Test - Drug‑use tests tend to be reliable and valid, particularly when the screening tests" are followed up with more expensive “confirmation” test.

34. SUMMARY

35. Summary There are FIVE selection method standards that HR usually follows to evaluate potential applicants in the organization. Companies usually use INTERVIEW methods in selecting potential applicants, but some companies may use other selection methods.