This document discusses the history and definitions of giftedness and talent development. It notes that giftedness has been displayed throughout history in various cultures and eras, in fields like city planning, athletics, philosophy, and technological innovation. Definitions of giftedness have evolved from focusing on high IQ to recognizing multiple factors and types of intelligence. The document also outlines common characteristics of gifted students, different subgroups, approaches to gifted education, and keys to success for gifted learners.