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What is networking ?
Networking is a exchange of information or service among
individuals, groups, or institution.
What is networking devices?
Network devices, or networking hardware, are physical
devices that are required for communication and interaction
between hardware on a computer network.

• HUB.
• Switch.
• Router.
• Bridge.
• Gateway.
• Modem.
• Repeater.
• Access Point.

 It is used to connect multiple computer
network devices together.
 It is commonly used to connect LAN
segment.
 It works on physical layer on OSI Model.
 HUB contains multiple ports.

• Switches are used join the LAN segments
• A switch is a multiport device that
improves network efficiency.
• It works on data link layer in OSI model.
• A multilayer switch is one that can operate
at both layers.

• They store information about the networks
they’re connected.
• It is used to translate from LAN framing to
WAN framing.
• This is needed because LANs and WANs use
different network protocols.
• It works on Network layer in OSI model.

• Bridges are used to connect two or more hosts
or network segments together.
• They use hardware Media Access Control
(MAC) addresses for transferring frames.
• It used to connect two physical LANs into a
larger logical LAN.
• It works on Physical and Data Link layers of
the OSI model.

• It is design to connect two different
Networks.
• A gateway can convert TCP/IP to IPX Vice
versa.
• It operates on all 7 layers of the OSI model.

• It is used to covert the analog signals into
digital signals.
• Modems work on both the Physical and
Data Link layers.
• Digital signals are converted by the modem
into analog signals of different frequencies
and transmitted.

• A repeater is an electronic device that
amplifies the signal it receives.
• It receives a signal and retransmits it at
higher power.
• It can cover signals for longer and larger
distance.
• Repeaters work on the Physical layer.