This document lists 8 chemical reactions that can be observed at home, providing the materials, procedures, results, and scientific explanations for each. The reactions include producing carbon dioxide bubbles using yeast and sugar in a bottle with a balloon; generating "smoke" by bringing a string soaked in hydrochloric acid near one soaked in ammonia; turning a knife blade black by holding it in a candle flame; using baking soda and vinegar to extinguish a lit match by releasing carbon dioxide gas; turning a copper coin blue by applying liquid ammonia; creating a flash fire by mixing potassium permanganate crystals with glycerin; making a "volcano" eruption by mixing baking soda and citric acid in a flask of water;

1. List out the chemical
reactions you observe
in your surroundings
By Rohit From Grade 9

2. What chemical reactions can you do at home ?
1. The power of bubbles
Materials:
● plastic bottle;
● 150 ml of hot water;
● yeast;
● sugar;
● balloon;

3. Experiment procedure :-
1. Pour three teaspoons of dry yeast and two teaspoons of sugar into a bottle.
2. Slowly pour hot water into the bottle.
3. Put the balloon over the bottle and wait for half an hour.
Experiment results :-
The liquid starts to foam, and the balloon inflates.
Scientific explanation
Yeast is a microscopic fungus that consumes sugar and releases carbon dioxide. The numer-
ous bubbles of this gas rise to the surface, causing the liquid to foam and the balloon to inflate.
In chemistry, this process is called fermentation. This particular chemical reaction involves the
release of ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide:
С₆Н₁₂О₆ → 2С₂Н₅ОН + 2СО₂↑

4. Fresh budding yeast cells though
a microscope

5. 2. Smoke
Materials:
● ammonia;
● hydrochloric acid;
● two strings;
● two sticks.
Experiment procedure :-
1. Tie the sticks to the strings.
2. Lower one string into the bottle of hydrochloric acid, and the other
into the ammonia. Let them soak.
3. Bring the strings close together.

6. Experiment results :-
White smoke begins to appear between them.
Scientific explanation
This experiment relies on the formation of ammonium chloride – the
white fumes you see. The hydrochloric acid releases gaseous hydro-
gen chloride (HCl). The hydrogen chloride reacts with the ammonia
(NH₃), and ammonium chloride forms as white “smoke”:
HCl + NH₃ = NH₄Cl

7. 3. Soot (burning)
Materials and tools:
● candle;
● lighter;
● knife.
Experiment procedure :-
1. Light the candle.
1. Hold the knife blade in the center of the flame for several seconds.

8. Experiment results ;-
The blade turns black.
Scientific explanation ;-
Tiny carbon particles, formed as a result of the incomplete combus-
tion of paraffin from the candle, gradually cover the blade:
2С₁₈Н₃₈ (paraffin) + 55О₂ → 36СО₂ + 38Н₂О

9. 4. Release of gas
Materials and equipment:
● sodium bicarbonate (baking soda);
● vinegar;
● water;
● glass;
● match.
Experiment procedure
1. Fill a glass 1/3 full of water.
2. Add a teaspoon of baking soda and a little vinegar.
3. Light a match and gently lower it into the glass, not touching the mixture.

10. Experiment results :-
The match goes out.
Scientific explanation
Sodium bicarbonate (soda) is a compound of the following
elements: sodium, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.
The reaction between sodium bicarbonate and vinegar forms unstable carbonic
acid, which immediately decomposes to water and carbon dioxide. The carbon diox-
ide gas extinguishes the flame:
NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O + CO₂↑

12. 5. Destructive vinegar
Materials and equipment:
● eggshell;
● vinegar;
● glass.
Experiment procedure
1. Put an eggshell in a glass.
2. Fill the glass half full of vinegar. Examine the contents after 12
hours.

13. Experiment results
The eggshell dissolves in the vinegar.
Scientific explanation
Vinegar is an acidic substance. It has the ability to
break down several substances, such as the calcium
carbonate contained in the eggshell:
CaCO₃ + 2CH₃COOH → Ca(CH₃COO)₂ + CO₂↑ + H₂O

14. 6. Color experiment with liquid ammonia
Materials :-
● ammonia solution;
● copper coin.
Experiment procedure :-
Take a coin with a dark coating and pour liquid ammonia over it.
Experiment results :-
The solution will turn blue, either immediately or after several minutes.
Scientific explanation :-
Under the influence of oxygen, copper forms a complex compound with ammonia.
2Cu + 8NH₃ + 2Н₂О + О₂ → 2[Cu(NH₃)₄] (OH)₂

15. 7. Chemical fire
Materials:-
● potassium permanganate crystals;
● glycerin;
● water.
Experiment procedure :-
1. Make a small mound of potassium permanganate crystals.
2. Make a hollow in them and pour a little glycerin into the hollow.
3. If there is no fire, add one or two drops of water.
Experiment results :-
The mixture catches fire.

16. Scientific explanation :-
Potassium permanganate and glycerin enter a reaction accompa-
nied by burning (a flash).
14КМnО₄ + 3С₃Н₅(ОН)₃ → 7K₂CO₃ + 14MnO₂ + 12H₂O↑ + 2CO₂↑

17. 8. Volcano
Materials and tools:-
● flask;
● water;
● baking soda;
● citric acid;
● dishwashing liquid;
● container to mix ingredients and spoon.
Experiment procedure :-
1. Fill the flask 2/3 full of water. Add a few drops of dishwashing liquid and five ta-
blespoons of baking soda.
2. Dilute citric acid (recommended 5 tablespoons per 1.5 glass of water) in a sepa-
rate container.
3. Stir the mixture in the flask thoroughly. Slowly pour the glass of citric acid into the
flask.

18. Experiment results :-
Foam starts to pour out of the flask.
Scientific explanation :-
We get the effect of the foam erupting in the process of a neutralization re-
action. When interacting with an alkali (soda), the acid neutralizes it, releas-
ing carbon dioxide, which makes the mixture foam and forces the mass to
flow out of the container. The dishwashing liquid makes the “lava” bubble
more strongly:
Н₃С₆Н₅О₇ + 3NaHCO₃ → Na₃C₆H₅O₇ + 3CO₂↑ + 3H₂O
Check here to find out how to make a volcano that will glow in the dark.

19. Examples of Chemical Changes in Everyday Life
Examples of Chemical Changes :-
Not all reactions are chemical. However, if a reaction makes a new substance, then
you are looking at a chemical change. For example, those fireworks covering the sky
on the fourth of July are the result of a chemical change. Photosynthesis in plants is
also an example of a chemical reaction. In this case, sunlight is changed into food for
the plant. Typically, chemical reactions have a few tells, including:
● Color changes
● Releasing or absorbing of energy
● Odor changes
● Gas production
Chemical changes happen all around you, even in your own home. Explore some fun
examples in cooking, nature, and your home.

20. Examples of Chemical Changes in Cooking
1. Rising Bread
2. Caramelization
3. Maillard Browning

21. Natural Examples of Chemical Changes
1) Leaves Changing Color
2) Souring Food
3) Combustion
4) Mixing Baking Soda and Vinegar
5) Car Rusting

23. There are some videos in the below page Check it out
This link is about the Corrosion of Metals :- https://youtu.be/QdIqan-y_7E
This link is about the How Will Chemistry Help you Survive Alone on an Island :-
https://youtu.be/gxyn6GUc7HQ
This link is about the Physical and Chemical Changes :- https://youtu.be/LZH8DzQTsQY