This PPT is useful for undergraduate student to prepare their project report

1. General Guidance
for
Project Report Writing
Presented By:
Santosh Yadav

2. 1. What is thesis?
2. Structure of your Project/Thesis
3. Chapters of the Project/Thesis
4. Introduction
5. Literature Review
6. Methodology
7. Summary, Conclusions and Future scope
8. Abstract
9. Title
10. References

3.  A written work resulting from original research, especially one
submitted for higher degree in a university
 Project should not contain word like He/She/They/We/
Our(Active Voice)
 It should be written in Passive voice.

4. 1. Title page
2. Declaration by the candidate
3. Recommendation
4. Certificate
5. Acknowledgement
6. Abstract
7. Table of contents
8. List of figures
9. List of tables
10. List of abbreviations
11. Detailed chapter

5.  The project report can contains the following chapter’s
Chapter
No
Synopsis/Project
Proposal
Progress
Report
Final Project
1 Introduction Introduction Introduction
2 Literature Review Literature
Review
Literature
Review
3 Proposed Methodology Proposed
Methodology
Methodology
4 Expected Conclusions Progress of the
study
Summary,
Conclusions
And Future
scope
References References References

6.  Major sub point of the introduction should contain Problem
Statement & Objectives of the study.
 The purpose of the Introduction should be to supply sufficient
background information to allow the reader to understand and
evaluate the results of the present study without needing to refer to
previous publications on the topic.
 It Should contain brief background of the selected topic.
 It must identify the importance of study, its relevance and
applicability of results.
 The Introduction should also provide background rather than an
exhaustive review of the topic.

7. Problem Statement:
 Problem Statement: Why is this research important?
 Addresses a problem or series of problems
 One can address the problem by comparing conventional study
which has been done till now and the present study which is to be
done to modify the existing model.
Objectives:
 It must clearly state the purpose of the study.
 Objective should be based on the problem statement and should
be written point wise .
 Objectives should inform the reader clearly that what the
researcher plans to do in his/her work.

8.  Literature is about telling a
story…kind of a chain story where
each writer starts with a partial
story created previously by others
and expand on it…the existing
literature is the story so far.
 Literature Review of relevant
literature. Compare previous
literature with what you intend to
do.
 A critical analysis of existing
research in your field; it highlights
both the strengths and weaknesses
of existing research.
Fig. Evolution of transportation

9. Why a Literature Review?
 It will Demonstrates that what you know about the field.
 It will Justifies the reason for your research.
 You have also to be able to convince your reader that what you
are doing is important and needs to be done.
 Allows you to gain a critical understanding of your field
 Opportunity to think about what has been done in your field;
 Opportunity to think about the similarities, patterns, trends and
also differences across the existing research.
 By identifying strengths and weakness, you will be able to think
about what has not/needs to be done in your field

10.  Methodology,
dividing projects into multiple
stages, each with their own
plans and processes to follow.
 The methodology defines
inputs and outputs for every
stage of a project so that
nothing is left to chance.
 It should contains flow chart.
 Which methodology you should
implement depends entirely on
the type of project you will
undertake

11. Result:
 Study results normally refer to direct answers to your research
questions that you generate from the data
 In the Results Section, the data as compiled is presented. In this
section the interpretation of data is not done.
 Results should be raw data that is measurable rather than general
observations
Conclusion :
 It is a summary of the discussion or the whole work.
 Concise statements about your main findings, related to your
objectives

12.  How further progress can be Made related to your project
 The future work section is a place for you to explain to your readers
where you think the results can lead you.
 What do you recommend for future research based on your
findings?

13.  Title reflects content of the thesis
 Use concise but informative title, be specific & accurate.

14.  Abstract should have the words between 100 to 500 words
 Abstract should conveys only the essential information
 Start out the Abstract by telling exactly what you did and how
you did it.
 Focus on The ideas of the study and important in the first two
sentences
Example: The effects of oxidation by ozone gas on some
physicochemical and functional properties of starch (corn, sago,
and tapioca) were investigated. Starch in dry powder form was
exposed to ozone for 10 min at

15.  In the next few lines, focus on the materials and methods, and the data
generated from the study (results). Tell the reader how the data were
collected, compiled, and state statistical significance(s).
Example: Carboxyl and carbonyl contents increased markedly in all starches with
increasing OGT. Oxidation significantly decreased the swelling power of oxidized
sago and tapioca starches but increased that of oxidized corn starch.
 The end of the Abstract is just as important as the beginning! State the
implications of your studies to the field of scholarship in which you are
working.
Example: These results show that under similar conditions of ozone treatment, the
extent of starch oxidation varies among different types of starch.

16.  Examples:
[1] Basel I. Ismail, Wael H. Ahmed,(2009) “Thermoelectric Power
Generation Using Waste-Heat Energy as an Alternative Green
Technology”, Bentham Science Publishers Ltd, Vol-2, 27-39, 2009.
[2]Chris Gould and Noel Shammas; (2009) “A Review of
Thermoelectric MEMS Devices for Micro-power Generation,
Heating and Cooling Applications”, Staffordshire University UK,
ISBN 978-953-307-027-8, pp. 572, December 2009.
[3] Hakan Özcan, M.S. Söylemez, (2006) “Thermal balance of a LPG
fuelled, four stroke SI engine with water addition,” Energy
Conversion and Management 47 (5) (2006) 570-581.
[4] John Fairbanks (2008), “Thermoelectric applications in vehicles
status”, US Dept of Energy, Washington DC,USA,2008

17. THANK
YOU…!