contents what is euro zone what is zone crisis effect on Greece solution conclusion

1. EURO CRISIS

2. CONTENTS
• What is Euro Zone?
• What is Euro Zone Crisis?
• Countries affected and impact on them(PIIGS).
• Effect on Greece.
• Solution.
• Conclusion.

3. Euro Zone
• It is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 16
European Union (EU) member states
• They have adopted the euro as their sole trading currency.
• Euro became a reality on Jan 1, 1998 , but came for the
European consumers on Jan 1 2002.
• It currently consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta,
the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

4. Introduction to Euro Zone crisis
• It is the biggest challenge Europe has faced since 1990.
• Due to global financial crisis that began in 2007-08 the euro zone
entered its first official recession in third quarter of 2008.
• The official figures were released in 2009 Jan.
• On 11 Oct 2008, a summit was held in Paris by the Euro group
heads of state and Govt. , to define a joint action plan for euro zone
and central banks of Europe to stabilize the economy.

5. Beginning of Crisis
• Started in – Oct 2009 in Greece
• Its immediate causes lie with the US crisis of 2007-
09.
• The result in Euro Zone was Sovereign debt crisis.
PIIGS: Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain.

6. What Happened and Why?
• Greece: Sharp Budget Deficit
• Large government and External Debts in PIIGS.
• Greece credit rating downgraded.
• Interest rates surged on government bonds.
• Need for external aid from EU and IMF
• The high debts and rising rate of interests was a matter of concern.

7. • Reasons for rise in External Debts
• High household indebtness.
• Large current account deficit:
 Excessive growth in domestic demand.
 Increase in wage rates.
 Lower exchange rate risk.
• Weakening export competitiveness.
• Reasons for rise in Internal Debts:
• Rising Unemployment: Lower tax returns,
higher budget deficits.

8. GREEK DEBT CRISIS
• • In the first quarter of 2010, the national debt of Greece was put
at €300 billion ($413.6 billion), which is bigger than the country's
economy.
• Greece has the worst combination of high debt level, large budget
deficit and large external debt

9. • GDP - $360 billion
• Debt-GDP ratio – 113% of GDP
• Budget Deficit – 12.9% of GDP
• Current Account Deficit- 11.0%
• Net Foreign Debt – 70% of GDP
• Total Outstanding Public Debt- 290 billion euro

11. Countries Affected By Greek Crisis
• South-eastern Europe
• Neighboring Serbia, Albania, Macedonia,
• Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey

12. •IMPACT
• Contagion Effect
•Greek crisis has made investors nervous about lending money to
governments through buying government bonds.
• Reduced wealth:
•Take-home pay is likely to fall as it is eroded by rising taxes.
• Impact on private individuals

13. Resolutions
• European governments and the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) have stunned global stock markets with a 750bn-euro.
• France agrees to pitch in with 17 billion euro.

14. Situation of other countries
• Spain is experiencing the highest unemployment rate of 20%.
• Italy- has already taken austerity measures. The lower house of
parliament has voted for 25 billion Euros of cuts to reduce the
country’s deficit. The govt. aims to reduce budget deficits down
from
5.3% of GDP to 2.7% by 2012.

15. Effect on India
• India’s exports to Europe could witness a slump
close to 10%.
• Export driven sectors such as textiles and software
are likely to bear the brunt.
• About 22-28 percent of revenues of India’s top tech majors come
from Europe whose revenues will definitely be affected.
• Government’s overall target of $200 billion for the
fiscal could be at stake.

16. PROBLEMS
• It combines efficient and indiscipline economies.
• Too high debts.
• Political problems.

17. SOLUTIONS
• Countries affected must:
• Grind down Wages
• Raise Productivity
• Slash Spending
• Raise taxes
• Transparent Banking system
• Endure such Austerity Drives for many years

18. CONCLUSION
• The US crisis led to Global financial crisis, which further spread
to Euro zone and caused Euro zone crisis, as these countries were
most affected.
• Hence the Big Countries should help the countries in problem to
come out from the crisis.