Power System Lab Manual

1. STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
POWER SYSTEM DESIGN LAB
EXPERIMENT NO. 1
Aim:- Generating station design: Design considerations and basic schemes of hydro, thermal, nuclear
and gas power plants & Electrical equipment for power stations.
Apparatus Requirements:- Boiler, Turbine, Reactor, Compressor, Fuel.
Theory:- A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power plant, power house or
generating plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. At the centre of nearly all
power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power
by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor.
Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate
electricity, and some use nuclear power, but there is an increasing use of cleaner renewable sources
such as solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric. Central power stations produce AC power.
Hydro-Electric Power Plant:Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of
electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most
widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation.
Design Consideration For Hydro Power Plant:The hydro-electric power station should be near the dam and storage reservoir. Such a location reduces
the length of the pen-stock and the loss of head in the pen-stoke. Many factors have to be considered in
the selection but the following are the most important:
A. Availability of Water
B. Water Storage
C. Head of Water
D. Sedimentation
E. Access to Site
F. Environmental Effect
Equipments For Hydro-Electric Power Plant:- Many equipments have to be considered in the hydro
electric generating station but the following are the most important:

2. I.
Turbine
II.
Generator
III.
Control Valve
IV.
Pen Stock
V.
VI.
Dam
Surge tank
Thermal Power Plant:A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated,
turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through
the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known
as a Rankine cycle.
Design Consideration For Thermal Power Plant:Many factors have to be considered in the selection but the following are the most important:
A. Transmissions of energy
B. Transport of fuel
C. Cost of land
D. Availability of water
E. Disposal of ash
Equipments For Thermal Power Plant:- Many equipments have to be considered in the Thermal
Generating Station but the following are the most important:
I.
II.
Coal handling plant
Draft fans
III.
Boiler
IV.
Generator
V.
Economiser
VI.
Condenser
Nuclear Power Plant:A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is
typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a
steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.
Design Consideration For Nuclear Power Plant:The siting of a proposed power project is always a very difficult issue to decide. In taking a decision
on locating a new nuclear power plant, the following points have to be kept in view:

3. A. Water availability for cooling purpose
B. Areas remote from coal fields and hydro sites are preferable to improve the reliability of supply
over the whole area.
C. The design of plants located in seismically active zones also requires the risk of earthquakes
and tsunamis to be taken into account.
Equipments For Nuclear Power Plant:- Many equipments have to be considered in the Nuclear
Generating Station but the following are the most important:
I.
Nuclear reactor
II.
Steam turbine
III.
Generator
IV.
Cooling system
V.
VI.
Safety valves
Feed water pump
Gas Power Plant:Gas turbine plants can use a variety of fuels – solid, liquid and gas. Natural gas which has 80 %
methane and small fractions of other gases is very widely used in plants situated near the gas fields.
This is especially so for the plants used for auxiliary power generation in oil fields. Present day gas
turbine plants generally use natural gas and liquid petroleum fuels.
Design Consideration For Gas Power Plant:Many factors have to be considered in the selection but the following are the most important:
A. Availability of fuel
B. Cost of land
C. Availability of water
Equipments For Gas Power Plant:- Many equipments have to be considered in the Gas Power Plants
but the following are the most important:
I.
II.
Air-intake system
Compressor
III.
Combustion Chamber
IV.
Gas Turbine
V.
VI.
Gas Generator
Exhaust Modules
Circuit Diagram:-

4. Precautions:1) Do not touch any live conductor.
2) Please keep distance from electrical equipments because voltage lavel very high i.e. 132 kV,
220 kV, 400 kV.
Procedure:-
Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result:- We have successfully studied about Generating station design, Design considerations and
basic schemes of hydro, thermal, nuclear and gas power plants & Electrical equipment for power
stations.

5. Viva-Voice:Ques. 1 What is the Function of Surge Tank?
Ques. 2 What is Rankine Cycle?
Ques. 3 Name some Moderator materials.

6. Ans 1. The function of the Surge Tank is to be absorb sudden changes in water requirements.
Ans 2. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator.
After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was
heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle.
Ans3. Heavy Water, Boron, Carbon etc.