John Girard's keynote "Big Data: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Blue?" at Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Southern Association for Information Systems (SAIS) in Hilton Head, SC

1. www.johngirard.net
john@johngirard.net
1
John
P.
Girard,
Ph.D.
Technology,
Leadership,
and
Culture

2. www.johngirard.net
john@johngirard.net
2
Defending
Knowledge
Management
Inukshuk
Inukshuk:
“likeness of a person”
(essential component of KM)
Guide leaders
Every Inukshuk is different
Artifacts matter!

3. www.johngirard.net
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Big
Data
=
KM
by
another
name?
Big
Data
is
Everywhere

4. www.johngirard.net
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4
Is
Big
Data
New?
www.google.com/trends/
Teradata, 1991
www.�nyurl.com/GirardBD
Prairie
Business
Magazine,
7(1)
-­‐
2008
Is
data
mining
synonymous
with
Big
Data?
No.
Big
Data
is
the
data
set
(or
asset).
Data
mining
is
the
process
(or
handler).

5. www.johngirard.net
john@johngirard.net
5
The
History
of
Big
Data
Informa�on
Overload
Informa�on
overload
occurs
when
the
amount
of
input
to
a
system
exceeds
its
processing
capacity.
(Speier
et
al,
1999)
Informa�on
Overload
Informa�on
overload
is
that
state
in
which
available,
and
poten�ally
useful,
informa�on
is
a
hindrance
rather
than
a
help.
(Bawden,
2001)
Personal
Informa�on
Overload
A
percep�on
on
the
part
of
the
individual
(or
observers
of
that
person)
that
the
flow
of
informa�on
associated
with
work
tasks
is
greater
than
can
be
managed
effec�vely.
(Wilson,
2001)
Organiza�onal
Informa�on
Overload
A
situa�on
in
which
the
extent
of
perceived
informa�on
overload
is
sufficiently
widespread
within
an
organiza�on
as
to
reduce
the
overall
effec�veness
of
management
opera�ons.
(Wilson,
2001)
Overload
is
not
new!
The
Roman
Philosopher
Seneca
worried
about
informa�on
overload
nearly
2,000
years
before
it
was
cool.
“What
is
the
point
of
having
countless
books
and
libraries
whose
�tles
the
owner
could
scarcely
read
through
in
a
whole
life�me?”
he
wondered.
Michael
Grunwald
@MikeGrunwald
Aug.
28,
2014

6. www.johngirard.net
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6
The
History
of
Big
Data
2/3
of
managers
complained
of
Informa�on
overload
(KPMG,
2000)
38%
of
the
surveyed
managers
waste
a
substan�al
amount
of
�me
loca�ng
informa�on
(Wilson,
2001)
Managers
“dwell
on
informa�on
that
is
entertaining
but
not
informa�ve,
or
easily
available
but
not
of
high
quality”
(Linden,
2001)
43%
of
the
managers
delayed
decisions
because
of
too
much
informa�on.
(Wilson,
2001)
The
total
accumulated
codified
database
of
the
world,
which
includes
all
books
and
all
electronic
files,
doubles
every
seven
years
and
some
predict
this
will
double
twice
a
day
by
2010
(Bon�s,
2000).
What
we
knew
a
decade
ago:
The
History
of
Big
Data

7. www.johngirard.net
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7
What
is
knowledge?
knowledge is "defined broadly
to include information, data,
communication and culture”
(p. 293)
Communication
Data
Information
Culture
Knowledge:
Concepts, experience, and
insight that provide a framework
for creating, evaluating and
using information (p. 373).
Defining
Knowledge
Management
h�p://www.johngirard.net/km

8. www.johngirard.net
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KM
1.0
(According
to
John)
Knowledge
Information
Data
Data to
Information
Context
Categorize
Calculate
Correct
Condense
Information to
Knowledge
Compare
Consequences
Connects
Conversation
Types
of
Knowledge:
Did
we
get
the
balance
right?
Michael Polanyi
Easier to
replicate
Leads to
competency
Harder to articulate
Harder to transfer
Harder to steal
Higher competitive
advantage
Contributes to
efficiency
Easier to document and
share
20%
80%
Explicit
Tacit Carla O’Dell
O’Dell, C. (2002, May). Knowledge Management New Generation.
Presented at the APQC’s 7th Knowledge Conference, Washington, DC.

9. www.johngirard.net
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9
KM
2.0
Ikujiro Nonaka
Sociali
zation Externa
lization
Interna
lization
Comb
ination
TACIT
EXPLICIT
EXPLICIT
TACIT
Inukshuk:
Knowledge
Management
Model
Foundation
Leadership
Technology
Culture
Internalization
Socialization Externalization
Combination
Process
Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge
Measurement
Sociali
zation Externa
lization
Interna
lization
Comb
ination
TACIT
EXPLICIT
EXPLICIT
TACIT

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What
do
decision-­‐makers
want?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lH39xjXaLW8
TLC:
Corporate
Culture
is
Key
www.strategy-­‐business.com/article/11404

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Impact
of
Culture
Tribal
Leadership
h�p://www.triballeadership.net/what-­‐is-­‐tribal-­‐leadership/diagnosing-­‐culture

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TLC:
Leadership
Including Ray Downey, Special Operations Command lost 95 men that day
– totaling 1,600 years of experience. (emphasis added)
Open
Leadership
Respect
that
your
customers
and
employees
have
power.
Share
constantly
to
build
trust.
Nurture
curiosity
and
humility.
Hold
openness
accountable.
Forgive
failure.
http://www.charleneli.com/resources/new-­‐rules/

13. www.johngirard.net
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13
Openness
Audit
http://www.slideshare.net/charleneli/openness-­‐audit
What
did
the
leaders
need?
“. . . there are known knowns; there are things we know that we know. There are known
unknowns; that is to say there are things that we now know we don’t know. But there are also
unknown unknowns — there are things that we do not know we don't know.”

14. www.johngirard.net
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Knowns
and
Unknowns
Unknown
Knowns
Unknown
Unknowns
Known
Knowns
Known
Unknowns
Comp
Intell
HP
According
to
the
plan
…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ocqB6_y71xE
What
is
the
most
planned
personal
event?
Weddings

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The
Cogni�ve
Hierarchy
Knowledge
Information
Data
Ackoff’s Apex
Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
Seek
Wisdom
not
Knowledge
(KM
2.5?)
Seek
Wisdom
Seek
wisdom,
not
knowledge.
Knowledge
is
of
the
past,
wisdom
is
of
the
future.
~
Lumbee
Proverb
The
Lumbee
Tribe
of
North
Carolina
is
a
state
recognized
tribe
of
approximately
55,000
enrolled
members,
most
of
them
living
in
Robeson
and
the
adjacent
counties
in
southeastern
North
Carolina.

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The
Cogni�ve
Hierarchy
10
Years
Knowledge
Information
Data
Ackoff’s Apex
Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
Seek
Wisdom
not
Knowledge
(KM
2.5?)
Big
Data
–
Some
Defini�ons
A
term
coined
to
reflect
very
large
and
very
complex
data
sets.
(Sultanow
&
Chircu,
2015)
Big
data
is
a
term
for
any
collec�on
of
large
and
complex
data
sets
that
it
becomes
difficult
to
process.
(Gordon,
2015)
Data
set
that
is
beyond
the
capacity
of
rela�onal
database
applica�ons.
(Joseph,
2015)
Term
for
a
collec�on
of
large
and
complex
data
sets
that
it
becomes
difficult
to
process
with
tradi�onal
tools.
(Klepac
&
Berg,
2015)
Large
Complex
Dif�icult
Strategic
Data-­‐based
Wisdom
in
the
Big
Data
Era

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Complex:
A
Defini�on
Large
Complex
Dif�icult
“a
group
of
obviously
related
units
of
which
the
degree
and
nature
of
the
rela�onship
is
imperfectly
known”
Knowledge
Applica�on
=
KM
3.0
Knowledge
Information
Data
Wisdom
Understanding
Knowledge
KnowledgeCreation
“With 3,600 stores in the United States and
roughly 100 million customers walking
through the doors each week, Wal-Mart has
access to information about a broad slice of
America . . . The data are gathered item by
item at the checkout aisle, then recorded,
mapped and updated by store, by state, by
region . . . By its own account Wal-Mart has
460 terabytes of data.”
14 November 2004
Hurricane

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18
An
Example
An
Example

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Big
Data
What
do
we
know
about
Big
Data?
Big
Data
is
Global
and
Mul�disciplinary
www.google.com/trends/

20. www.johngirard.net
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Big
Data
is
NOT
just
technology
www.google.com/trends/
Focus
on
the
desired
business
end
state
…

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21
The
right
technology
Branson’s
secret
weapon
is
carrying
an
old-­‐fashioned
notebook
with
him
everywhere
he
goes.
Big
Data
h�p://melmeric.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/big-­‐data-­‐and-­‐the-­‐web.pdf

22. www.johngirard.net
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22
Size
(and
growth)
Ma�ers
h�p://www.domo.com/learn/data-­‐never-­‐sleeps-­‐2
2011
2013
It
is
NOT
just
about
size
http://www.domo.com/
Size
is
not
measured
in
terabytes
but
rather
business
processes

23. www.johngirard.net
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The
Size
of
Big
Data
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B27SpLOOhWw
The
Size
of
Big
Data
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B27SpLOOhWw

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24
CEO:
How
much
data
do
we
need?
http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/infrastructure/3433595/boeing-­‐787s-­‐
create-­‐half-­‐terabyte-­‐of-­‐data-­‐per-­‐�light-­‐says-­‐virgin-­‐atlantic/
Decide
later
…

25. www.johngirard.net
john@johngirard.net
25
The
History
of
Big
Data
2/3
of
managers
complained
of
Informa�on
overload
(KPMG,
2000)
38%
of
the
surveyed
managers
waste
a
substan�al
amount
of
�me
loca�ng
informa�on
(Wilson,
2001)
Managers
“dwell
on
informa�on
that
is
entertaining
but
not
informa�ve,
or
easily
available
but
not
of
high
quality”
(Linden,
2001)
43%
of
the
managers
delayed
decisions
because
of
too
much
informa�on.
(Wilson,
2001)
The
total
accumulated
codified
database
of
the
world,
which
includes
all
books
and
all
electronic
files,
doubles
every
seven
years
and
some
predict
this
will
double
twice
a
day
by
2010
(Bon�s,
2000).
What
we
knew
a
decade
ago:
Is
Big
Data
owned
by
the
CIO?

26. www.johngirard.net
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26
Remember
what
they
say
about
over
analyzing
…
h�p://farm9.sta�cflickr.com/8210/8170256951_8111bd5e56_z.jpg
h�p://www.tylervigen.com/

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h�p://www.tylervigen.com/
h�p://www.tylervigen.com/

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h�p://www.tylervigen.com/
The
CIO’s
task
is
to
help
the
CEO/COO
see
…

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What
do
you
think?

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Slides
available
at:
www.johngirard.net/sais-­‐2015/