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CNIT 126 5: IDA Pro

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Sam Bowne
Sam Bowne

Slides for a college course at City College San Francisco. Based on "Practical Malware Analysis: The Hands-On Guide to Dissecting Malicious Software", by Michael Sikorski and Andrew Honig; ISBN-10: 1593272901. Instructor: Sam Bowne Class website: https://samsclass.info/126/126_S17.shtml

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Practical Malware Analysis Ch 5: IDA Pro Last modified 2-6-16
IDA Pro Versions • Full-featured pay version • Old free version – Both support x86 – Pay version supports x64 and other processors, such as cell phone processors • Both have code signatures for common library code in FLIRT (Fast Library identification and Recognition Technology)
Graph and Text Mode • Spacebar
 switches
 mode
Default Graph Mode Display
Options, General
Better Graph Mode View
Arrows • Colors – Red Conditional jump not taken – Green Conditional jump taken – Blue Unconditional jump • Direction – Up Loop
Arrow Color Example
Highlighting • Highlighting text in graph mode highlights every instance of that text
Text ModeArrows Solid = Unconditional Dashed = Conditional Up = Loop Section Address Comment Generated by IDA Pro
Options, General
Adds Comments to Each Instruction
Useful Windows for Analysis
Functions • Shows each function, length, and flags – L = Library functions • Sortable – Large functions usually more important
Names Window • Every address with a name – Functions, named code, named data, strings
Strings
Imports & Exports
Structures • All active data structures – Hover to see yellow pop-up window
Cross-
 Reference • Double- click function • Jump to code in other views
Function Call • Parameters pushed onto stack • CALL to start function
Returning to the Default View • Windows, Reset Desktop • Windows, Save Desktop – To save a new view
Navigating IDA Pro
Imports or Strings • Double-click any entry to display it in the disassembly window
Using Links • Double-click any address in the disassembly window to display that location
History • Forward and Back buttons work like a Web browser
Navigation Band • Light blue: Library code • Red: Compiler-generated code • Dark blue: User-written code – Analyze this
Jump to Location • Press G • Can jump to address or named location
Searching • Many options • Search, Text is handy
Using Cross-References
Code Cross-References • XREF comment shows where this function is called • But it only shows a couple of cross- references by default
To See All Cross-References • Click function name and press X
Data Cross-References • Demo: – Start with strings – Double-click an interesting string – Hover over DATA XREF to see where that string is used – X shows all references
Analyzing Functions
Function and Argument Recognition • IDA Pro identifies a function, names it, and also names the local variables • It's not always correct
Using Graphing Options
Graphing Options +
Graphing Options • These are "Legacy Graphs" and cannot be manipulated with IDA • The first two seem obsolete – Flow chart • Create flow chart of current function – Function calls • Graph function calls for entire program
Graphing Options • Xrefs to – Graphs XREFs to get to selected XREF – Can show all the paths that get to a function
Windows Genuine Status in Calc.exe
Graphing Options • Xrefs from – Graphs XREFs from selected XREF – Can show all the paths that exit from a function
Graphing Options • User xrefs chart... – Customize graph's recursive depth, symbols used, to or from symbol, etc. – The only way to modify legacy graphs
Enhancing Disassembly
Warning • There's no Undo, so if you make changes and mess them up, you may be sorry
Renaming Locations • You can change a name like sub_401000 to ReverseBackdoorThread • Change it in one place, IDA will change it everywhere else
Comments • Press colon (:) to add a single comment • Press semicolon (;) to echo this comment to all Xrefs
Formatting Operands • Hexadecimal by default • Right-click to use other formats
Using Named Constants • Makes Windows API arguments clearer
Extending IDA with Plug-ins • IDC (IDA's scripting language) and Python scripts available (link Ch 6a)

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