2. COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES, SCHOOL OF
NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL NURSING
leadership and management
By Honelet Debebe
DESSIE ETHIOPIA
APRIL 2023

3. Out Line
• Tyeps of organizational communication
• Barriers to organizational communication
• Leadership Theories
• Application to Nursing
• Team Work
• Group Dynamics

4. Types of organizational communication
According to organizational structure
1. Formal communication: the communication
flows through the formal structure of the
organization stepwise, smoothly, accurately and
timely.
• Routine, uninterrupted and standardized
information pass without managerial attention
• This enables managers to invest their precious
time on matters utmost significance. It includes
departmental meeting
Conference
Telephone calls

5. 2. informal communication(grapevine)
• It is free of all sort of formalities
• It used informal relationship like friendship and
membership in the club
• Used when managers face difficulty in gaining
information from workers formally.
• gives insight in to what the subordinate think or
feel
• Information's may be come misinterpreted, half-
truth and inaccurate, but
• Still managers can not do away informal
communication

6. According to direction
1. downward communication: information like
orders and job descriptions flow from
superior to subordinates
2. upward communication: workers at the
lower level expected to give information like
reports for those above them
3. horizontal communication: communication
among persons found at the same level,
which is needed for coordination and
integration primarily.

7. • According to way of expression
1. Oral: verbal communications like
instructions, lectures, interviews, telephone
e.t.c.
2. Written: communication in written way like
rules, letters, posters, hand book e.t.c.

8. Barriers to organizational communication
These are barriers of organizational communication
• Using inappropriate language
• Wrong communication way/channel
• Use jargon
• Inappropriate message
• Emotional expression
• Physical disability like deafness

9. Leadership theories
1. Great man(trait) theory: it agree that leaders are born
not made
2. Behavioural theory: argues that the success of leader is
based on their behaviour rather than their natural
attributes
3. Contingency theory: states that effective leadership is
contingent up on the situation at hand.
4. Power and influence theory: power mean leaders
ability to impose their will on others and influence is
the ability to deeply affect behaviours and beliefs.
 This theory argue that leader have to use these
approach.

10. Application of leadership in nursing
• Strong leaders in nursing are vital to help navigate
the constant evolution of health care.
• Nurse leaders do more than balance resources,
monitor productivity, maintain patient and staff
satisfaction.
• They serve as role models and influence health
care organizations at all level.
• Transformational leadership is leadership theory
mostly applied in nursing which motivates
employees to take ownership for their roles and
perform beyond expectations.

11. Team work and group dynamic
• Team work: is the combined action of group
of people working together effectively to
achieve a goal.
Purpose
• Serve as bonding agent
• Motivates workers to rely on one another
• Make a progress easier
• Allows to overcome obstacles

12. Features of good team work
• Good communication among members
• Team sense of belongingness/trust
• Strong leadership
• Accept responsibility
• Recognize individual contribution
• Positive attitude
• Effective listening and feedback
• Celebrate together

13. Symptoms of Unproductive Teams
• Non accomplishment of goals
• Cautious, guarded communication
• Lack of disagreement
• Malfunctioning meetings
• Conflict within the team

14. • Group dynamic: is asocial process by which
people interact and behave in group
environment.
• The four stages/elements of group dynamics
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing

15. Forming
• Teams initially go through a "Forming" stage in
which members are positive and polite
• Is a Period in which members are often
guarded in their interactions because they’re
not sure what to expect from other team
members.
• During this stage, productivity is low.
• This stage is usually fairly short, and may only
last for a single meeting.
• There may be discussions about how the team
will work

16. Storming
• Characterized by competition and strained
relationships among team members.
• There are various degrees of conflict dealing
with issues of power, leadership and decision-
making.
• his is the most critical stage for the team
• Decisions don't come easily within the group.
• Team members vie for position as they attempt
to establish themselves in relation to other
team members and the leader.

17. Norming
• Characterized by cohesiveness among members.
• members appreciate their differences.
• Functional relationships are developed resulting in
the evolution of trust among members.
• Agreement and consensus is largely formed.
• Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted.
• Big decisions are made by group agreement.
• Smaller decisions may be delegated to individuals
• Commitment and unity is strong.
• The team may engage in fun and social activities.

18. Performing
• Communication is open and supportive.
• Members interact with without fear of rejection.
• Leadership is participative and shared.
• Different viewpoints and information is shared
openly
• Conflict is now viewed as a catalyst that
generates creativity in the problem-solving
process.
• The team is able to work towards achieving it’s
goal

19. • They deal with relationship, style and process
issues along the way.
• Team members look after each other.
• The team requires delegated tasks and
projects from the leader
• The team has a high degree of autonomy.

20. summary
• organizational communication can be categorized in
accordance with different basis (structiure, direction
and way of expression)
• Emotionality, physical disability, using inapropraite
words and language are arriers to organizational
communication
• Basically there are four Leadership Theories(trait,
behavioural, contingency and power)
• Team Work is taken as away for better achievement
and it has its own features.
• Group Dynamics dealt with the interaction among
group members and have four stages/elements

21. Thank you