1.
INTRODUCTION TO
INDUSTRIAL & ORGANIZATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY

2.
WHAT IS I/O PSYCHOLOGY?

3.
WHAT IS I/O PSYCHOLOGY?
• Psychology
• Is the science of the human behavior and mental processes.
• I/O psychology
• Add the words Industrial / organizational “as it relates to work”
• Dual focus = Organization & Employee
• Efficiency/productivity of organizations
• Health/well-being of employees
• Dual nature = Scientist & Practitioner
• Application of the science of psychology to the workplace
• Development/discovery of scientific psychological principles at work

4.
WHAT IS I/O
PSYCHOLOGY?
I/O Psychology is:
The branch of psychology that applies the principles of
psychology to the workplace.
The Purpose of I/O Psychology:
“to enhance the dignity and performance of human beings,
and the organizations they work in, by advancing the science
and knowledge of human behavior”

5.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
• Typical Day in the life…
Work 8 hours
Commute to work 1 hour
Watch TV 3 hours
Sleep 8 hours
Eat 2 hours
Other 2 hours

6.
IS I/O IMPORTANT?
 Work and Sleep = Major Life Activities
 Workers spend the majority of their time doing one
or the other
 Organizational Effectiveness = Cheaper
and Quality Goods
 I/O psychologists can help organizations reduce
costs, improve performance/productivity, etc.

7.
I/O AS A PROFESSION
 Approx. 4% of Psychologists work within the I/O field
 I/O Related Organizations
 SIOP – “The Governing I/O Organization”
 Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology
 Division 14 of APA (American Psychological Association)
 SHRM
 Society for Human Resources

8.
I/O VS. BUSINESS
PROGRAMS
• Key Differences
• I/O psychologists rely on application of psychological
principles.
• I/O psychologists focus on the factors in businesses that affect
people.
• I/O psychologists heavily on research, quantitative methods,
and testing techniques for guiding decisions.

9.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
Personnel Psychology (The “I” in I/O)
 Defining and analyzing jobs
 Recruiting and selecting employees for jobs
 Training employees
 Assessing performance
 Promoting and retaining employees
 Test development and Validation
 Legal Issues
Organizational Psychology (The “O” in I/O)
 Determining how people feel about work
 Determining why people act as they do at work
 Examining the effects work has on people
 Examining the effects people have on one another
 How organizations are structured and function
 How work is designed
 Tool and equipment usage on the job
 Examining work relevant health, safety, and well-being issues

10.
I/O AS A PROFESSION
4 Main Work Settings:
Universities
Consulting Firms
Industry/Corporations
Government Agencies
• Field expanding and becoming more popular
• I/O psychologists often work/consult with
MBAs
CEOs,
VPs,
HR staff
Healthcare/Health Science Staff (if in Occupational Health
Specialty)

11.
ADVERTISING
• According to Wheeler, “Advertising is any form of paid non-
personal presentation of ideas, goods or services for the
purpose of inducing people to buy.”
Elements of advertising
• Trial
• Continuity
• Brand switch
• Switching back

12.
CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY
• Consumer behavior is the study of how individual customers,
groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas,
goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants. It refers
to the actions of the consumers in the marketplace and the
underlying motives for those actions.

13.
Elements of consumer behavior
• Who Buys
• When do consumers buy
• How consumers buy
• From where do consumers buy
• Why do consumers buy

14.
EARLY 1900S

15.
IMPACT OF ADVERTISING ON
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR:
•
Advertising persuades the audience of usefulness of the
product and makes them feel the need to have the product .
• Effective advertisement creates demand and makes the
person go to shop and buy the product.
• It promotes new uses of the product and helps in
understanding the methods of using it.
• Attracts customers with special offers like festival discounts,
stock clearance sales etc.

16.
ERGONOMICS
• Its the application of psychological and physiological
principles to the engineering and design of products,
processes, and systems.
• Four primary goals
• reduce human error
• increase productivity
• and enhance safety
• system availability and comfort
• with a specific focus on the interaction between the human
and the engineered system

17.
COMMON EXAMPLES
• Ergonomic Keyboards.
• Keyboard trays.
• Ergonomic Mouse.
• Laptop stands.
• Desk Risers.
• Standing Desks.
• Kneeling Chairs.