Pakistan future relience on Thar coal for Synthetic Fuel.

1. Preparation of Synthetic Fuels
by Underground Coal Gasification
Pakistan Engineering Students Festival
Society of Polymer and Petrochemical Engineers
NED university Karachi

2. Faculty Introduction
Supervisor:
Engr. Abdul Waheed Bhutto
Chairman Department of Chemical Engineering
Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi.
Group Representor:
Muhammad Zeeshan
Members:
Syed Saqib Ali Zaidi
Muhammad Tajmeel Feroze
Muhammad Ali Memon
Muhammad Yousuf Memon
Dawood University of Engineering and Technology
Karachi

3. Pakistan Oil Consumption
•
•
•
•
Pakistan consumes 371 thousand Bbl. of Oil per day.
35% of Pakistan's energy Demand provides by Oil.
90 % is utilized for Transportation.
Its Demand is Growing day by day due to Rapid
Growth in vehicle Ownership.

4. Oil Resources
• Pakistan has 310 millions Bbl. proven oil
reserves.
• Currently produces 67 thousand BPD.
• Pakistan's oil and gas reserves are not
enough to achieve self sufficiency in this
sector.
• In oil sector Pakistan depends on foreign
sources of oil and Imports 80 % oil of its
consumption.

5. Alternative Liquid Fuels
In current conditions Pakistan need to look forward alternate oil
sources. Alternate liquid fuels can be produced from:
Biomass
Natural Gas
Coal

6. Pakistan Coal Reserves
KPK
91
(million tons)
AJK
09
(million tons)
BALOCHISTAN
217
(million tons)
PUNJAB
235
(million tons)
SINDH
184,623
(million tons)

7. Coal
Potential
• Coal reserves of Pakistan can help balance his
future dependence of Oil.
• Thar coal contains 175 billion tons of Lignite B
to sub-bituminous A, which is most suitable
for UCG.
• High quality sulfur free gasoline and low mass
olefins can be prepared by Thar coal.
Chemical Analysis of Thar coal

8. Coal To Liquid Conversion

9. Process
Underground
Gasification
Synthetic gas
Cleaning &
Conditioning
Fischer – Tropsch
Synthesis
Final Product
Refining

10. Economical Strength
• Capacity
(10,000 bpd @ 85% availability)
• Capital cost
(750 million dollars)
• Operating + Raw material cost
(123 million dollars per year)
• NPV
(116 million dollars @ 20% discount rates)
• Consumer profit
(~ 500 dollars per year @ average mile age)

11. Conclusion
In the current situation of Pakistan as it is
facing energy crisis in power sector and
depends on foreign sources of oil while
having vast amount of coal in its reserves.
This technology is a viable option to offset
its future dependence on foreign sources
of oil and gas.

16. Weighted Average Chemical Analyses of Thar Coal
As Received values (%)
Heating Values (BTU/lb)
Blocks
Moisture
I
II
III
III-B
IV
V
VI
VII
VII
Ash
Volatile
Matter
Fixed Carbon
Sulphur
As Rcvd
Dry
43.13
6.53
30.11
20.11
0.92
6,398
10,461
48.89
5.21
26.55
19.37
1..05
5,780
11,353
45.41
6.14
28.51
19.56
1.12
5,875
10,880
47.72
9.30
24.49
16.79
1.15
4,808
-
43.24
6.56
29.04
21.13
1.20
5,971
10,723
36.82
8.92
38.24
28.22
1.20
4,748
-
38.32
7.62
36.22
30.13
1.52
10,514
-
48.27
8.03
25.30
19.56
1.16
5,441
-
49.57
7.78
24.32
18.10
1.44
5,302
-

17. Underground Coal Gasification
• Drilling Technology:
Controlled Retractable Injection Point(CRIP)
• Process:
Two Phase(Steam & Air) gasification
• Product:
Water gas (CO+H2)

18. Underground Coal Gasification

19. Synthetic Gas Cleaning & Conditioning
• Cleaning:
(Removal of steam, solid particles, sulfur and nitrogen
compounds and CO2)
• Conditioning:
(Maintain H2:CO ratio for fischer tropsch process. A
H2:CO > 2 is ideal)

20. Fischer Tropsch
• Technology
(Iron based High Temperature Fischer Tropsch)
• Reactor
(Fixed Fluidized Bed)
• Catalyst
(Fused Iron)
• Products
(Gasoline with low mass Olefins)

21. Refining
HTFT reactor mixture contains hydrocarbons
ranging C1 to C20 which may be separate out
by simple atmospheric pressure fractional
distillation.

22. Products
• Gasoline
• Low mass Olefins
• Fischer Tropsch Wax