SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 18
Descargar para leer sin conexión
The UK’s leading health & nutrition magazine          May/Jun ’12 £1.50




                                               Be
                                             strong!
                                                  Is protein the secret
                                                    to healthy ageing?




Healthy                                                The
digestion                                             experts’
                ...the easy way
                                                       choice
                                                       Their views on
                                                        glucosamine



In the news + What we’ve learnt this month + Body watch: the heart
Healthspan clinic + Women’s health: decade by decade + Recession depression
INSIDER          Info


       Men!                                                                    Focus on five a-day                                          Disguise that
                                                                                                                                            fishy tang!
                                                                                Sometimes all the health messages available can
    Urinary problems in men are common in middle                                seem overwhelming. But there is one message that
    age. If you find you are passing water more often,                          remains constant – eat more fruit and vegetables.
    particularly at night, having difficulty getting
                                                                                The average person in the UK eats less than three
    going or urgently need to go, then have a                                                                                               Problem: Mackerel, herrings and sardines have a strong taste that some people find
                                                                                portions of fruit and vegetables a day, and if you think
    check-up with your GP. It may mean your                                                                                                 unpleasant. But not eating oily fish means you miss out on omega 3 oils that ease
                                                                                you are one of them why not try some interesting
    prostate is enlarging and causing a blockage.                                                                                           inflammation, boost the brain and improve cardiovascular health.
                                                                                ways to up your daily intake? A scrummy breakfast
    Zinc and the herb saw palmetto can help to
                                                                                smoothie with handfuls of summer berries or                 Solution: Try disguising salmon – a milder oily fish – in fish cakes or pie. Meaty fresh
    keep the prostate gland healthy.
                                                                                home-made ice-lollies with real fruit inside!               tuna can also tickle the taste buds where other oily fish fails, especially served with
                                                                                                                                            something robust like a sweet chilli marinade. Alternatively, take fish oil capsules (ideally




      what we’ve learnt
                                                                                                                                                                          a minimum of 300mg combined EPA and DHA daily) – or
                                                                                                                                                                                      1tsp daily of a citrus-flavoured cod liver oil.

                                                                                                                                                Try disguisin                                 Vegetarians can get the EPA element

                                                                                                                                                             g sa                                    of omega 3 from flaxseeds or

                                                                                                                                                                 lm                                      flaxseed oil, rapeseed (canola)

                                                                                                                                                                   o                                         oil, walnuts and leafy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                green vegetables.




                                                                                                                                                                                        ni
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Gardening




                                                                                                                                                                                          n fi
    Hot health topics & how they affect you




                                                                                                                                                                                              sh cak r pie
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            is a form of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            exericse...




                                                                                                                                                                                                    es o
                                                                  There’s a helping
                                                                  hand for weight loss                                                                                                                                                      …so you should stretch before and after-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            wards just as you do at the gym. If you find
                                                                  No supplement can take the place
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            that all the bending and kneeling makes your
                                                                  of eating healthily and exercising,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            joints ache more than usual, try looking at
                                                                  particularly when it comes to dieting,
                                                                  but there are some great nutrients out
                                                                                                                                                                     Still not a fan of oily fish? Try                                       your diet to see if there are any changes you

                                                                  there which can give you a boost if
                                                                                                                                                                   taking a fish oil capsule instead.                                        can make to give your joints a healthy boost.


    Something to
                                                                  you’re trying to lose a few pounds. For                                                                                                                                   A healthy diet should provide calcium to



    smile
                                                                  example CLA (Conjugated Linoleic                                                                                                                                          keep the bones strong and omega 3 essen-


            about
                                                                  Acid) helps inhibit the transport                                                                                                                                         tial fatty acids (found in oily fish) which are
                                                                  of fat from the blood to fat cells.                                                                                                                                       thought to reduce the inflammation process
    Daily flossing can add an estimated 6.4 years to your         And a pioneering human study                                                                                                                                              and subsequent joint damage. Glucosamine
    life, with research showing that people with inflamed         found that a group of people taking                                                                                                                                       and chondroitin also may help with
                                                                                                                                                                  Peppermint’s stomach-settling
    gums have a 23%-46% higher mortality rate. Gum                CLA lost up to 20% of their                                              Did you                      effect makes it a popular
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            discomfort, while helping to keep joints
    inflammation allows bacteria from the mouth to enter          body fat within three months!                                            know?                 ingredient in those after-dinner
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            strong. A topical gel containing capsicum
    the circulation which can trigger arterial disease increas-                                                                                                                                                                                 and oil of wintergreen can help soothe
                                                                                                                                                              mints that often turn up with your
    ing the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke.                                                                                                                                                                                               and may also contain n-acetyl
                                                                                                                                                         bill after a meal out. Unfortunately, few
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     glucosamine. Natural anti-inflam-
    Useful supplements: CoQ10 helps to reverse                                                                                              of these sweet treats contain much peppermint oil.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  matories include ginger, bromelain,
    receding gums when combined with proper dental                                                                                              You’re much better off missing out on the sugar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   devil’s claw and MSM.
    hygiene. Pycnogenol strengthens small blood                                                                                                 and trying a peppermint oil supplement or even
    vessels and can reduce gum bleeding.                                                                                                             enjoying a soothing cup of peppermint tea.

2   Healthspan      May 2012                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            May 2012       Healthspan   3
Joint health
                             which supplement is right for you?
                                                                                                   Professor Adam Carey
                                                                                                   spent 19 years in the
                                                                                                   NHS. He now regularly
                                                                                                   appears in the media,
                                                                                                   specialising in nutrition
                                                                                                                                                    DID YOU KNOW?
                                                                                                                                    For people with shellfish allergies, there is
                                                                                                                                Glucosamine Hydrochloride which is created
                                                                                                                               by fermenting corn - this is popular in the USA
                                                                                                                               and with vegans and it is also gluten-free (even
                                                                                                                                                 though it is made from corn).
                                                                                                   for performance.

                                                     By Professor Adam Carey


                                                                                                   The big three                                                   a more efficient pain-free range of
                                                                                                   Glucosamine, chondroitin and MSM are probably                   movement. Bromelain is commonly
                                                                                                   the most widely used supplements that may help to               used with other plant extracted
                                           As we get older, joint                                  reduce joint pain and are often used in combination.            enzymes that reduce inflammation
                                                                                                                                                                   with increased therapeutic effects
                                           health often becomes                                    Glucosamine is an amino-sugar, which is one of the
                                                                                                   main building blocks of cartilage.                                 and without reported side effects.
                                           more of a concern. This is                              Chondroitin also plays a structural
                                                                                                                                                                              Herbal help
                                                                                                   role in cartilage, providing
                                            becoming more important                                resistance to the compression
                                                                                                                                                                                 Devil’s claw, or wood
                                                                                                                                                                                   spider, is a plant native to South
                                                                                                   caused by joint movement.
                                             with the Government                                   MSM provides a rich source
                                                                                                                                                                                    Africa that has been taken as a
                                                                                                                                                                                    tea to manage inflammatory
                                              now recommending that                                of sulphur molecules that
                                                                                                   are required in the formation
                                                                                                                                                                                     disorders for many years and
                                                                                                                                                                                    is now recognised as an herbal
                                              we increase our activity                             of connective tissues.
                                                                                                                                                                                    medication in the European
                                                                                                     Using a product containing
                                             levels. What can we do                                these building blocks does not
                                                                                                                                                                                    Pharmacopoeia.
                                                                                                                                                                                       A recent review reported
                                                                                                   directly reduce inflammation, but
                                             to protect our joints?                                appears to improve the structure of
                                                                                                                                                                                   a decrease in pain from either
                                                                                                                                                                                        osteoarthritis or the lower back           Devil’s Claw is
                                                                                                   the joint and surrounding tissues. By
                                                                                                                                                                                             in ten of 11 of the studies.          traditional herbal
                                                                                                   maintaining the joint, in some cases,
                                               It is now well recognised that people who                                                                                                       The main anti-inflammatory          remedy known to
                                                                                                   this improves the pain-free range of
                                             engage in large amounts of high impact                                                                                                               agent is thought to be the       relieve painful joints.
                                                                                                   movement in the affected area. The
                                             activities, such as running, can actually                                                                                                             chemical ‘harpagoside’,
                                                                                                   tolerability of using these
                                             shorten the life of their joints. With levels                                                                                                         which helps to stop the
                                              of obesity on the increase, more and more                                                                                                            conversation of the fatty
                                                of us are also suffering from joint damage                                                                                                         acid, arachidonic acid,
                                                and osteoarthritis. As a result, there is a       “Bromelain is an extract                                                                        into pro-inflammatory
                                                greater demand for prescribed drugs despite     from the pineapple plant...”                                                                      messengers.
                                                their risks and side effects. However, there                                                                                                        Although often very
                                                is a wide-range of nutritional supplements                                                                                                      effective, devil’s claw, like
                                                that may be taken as an alternative, or along                                                                                                  all medications has some
                                                                                                   supplements is good and no significant
                                                with, traditional medication and as part of                                                                                                  potential side effects. It has
                                                                                                   adverse effects have been noted. This
                                                a long-term insurance policy to look after                                                                                               a bitter taste and interferes with
                                                                                                   means they can be used long term, which
                                              our joints.                                                                                                                       some medications like Warfarin and
                                                                                                   has been shown to increase the thickness
                                                                                                                                                                   can aggravate conditions where there is an
                                                                                                   of the articular surface of the joint, helping
                                                                                                                                                                   excess of stomach acid.
                                                                                                   the body repair and protect itself.
                                                        High impact activities can                                                                                 Best of British
                                                        actually shorten the life of
                                                                                                   Tropical support                                                Long valued for its high vitamin C content, the
                                                                                                   Bromelain is an extract from the stem of
                                                        your joints...                                                                                             anti-inflammatory action of rose hip has often
                                                                                                   the pineapple plant and contains numerous
                                                                                                                                                                   been overlooked although studies show it may help
                                                                                                   anti-inflammatory chemicals and has been
                                                                                                                                                                   reduce the movement of inflammatory markers into
                                                                                                   used all over the world for its action.
                                                                                                                                                                   an inflamed site. The vitamin C content may also
                                                                                                     Bromelain reduces the inflammatory response,
                                                                                                                                                                   have an anti-inflammatory action. In combination,
                                                                                                   alleviating pressure within the joint and allowing

8   Healthspan   July 2012                                                                                                                                                                                                      July 2012     Healthspan     9
3
digestion special

                                                            When your bowels work properly,
                                                            it’s easy to take them for granted.
                                                                                                                                                                 How to keep your
                                                            We look at three suggestions of
                                                            what to do when they’re not
                                                            moving as they should…
                                                                                                                                                                 joints as young
                                                                                                                                                                 as you                                      Ensure that your joints are healthy
                                                                                                                                                                                                             enough to keep up with you.
                                            of a okind n
                                                C nstipatio
                                                                                                                                                                 By Vivienne Coleman

                                                                                                                                                                 O
                                                                                                                                                                      ur joints put up with a great deal during           flexible by stretching gently for a few minutes each




                    1.
                                                                                                                                                                      our lives. Many of them are still adapting from     day and ensuring that your posture is good. Think
                                                                                                                                                                      the days when we walked on all fours. However       about this when sitting and walking: it trains the




                                                                     2.
                                                                                                                                                                   there are ways to ensure we look after them and so     muscles and ligaments into the ‘right’ position.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vivienne
                                                                                                                                                                   get the very best from them for as long as possible.      Walking is always good. Make it brisk, swinging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Coleman
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          your arms to get that heart-rate up, and do it for
                                                                                                                                                                   Make joint health a priority                           about 20 minutes a day. Swimming is a great way
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           is a qualified




                                                                                                                     3.
                                                                                                                                                                   It’s amazing that we consider it par for the course                                                                   osteopath with
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          to exercise the joints while keeping the weight off
                                                                                                                                                                   to have our cars serviced twice a year and yet                                                                          The Arthritic
                                                                                                                            “Chew on
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          them – ideal for those carrying a few more pounds
                                                                                                                                                                   we expect our bodies to put up with everything                                                                           Assocation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          than they should!
                                                                                                                       “Stress makes
                                                                                                                                some
                                                                                                                                                                   we put them through without too much care
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             As with so many things, moderation is key.

                     The                                                                                                your hair turn
                                                                                                                              liquorice”
                                                                                                                                                                   and attention.
                                                                                                                                                                      One of the ways we can reduce the likelihood
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Don’t over-exercise, since that will damage the


                                                                              The GP
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          joints. If you were very sporty when young,

                     Nutritionist
                                                                                                                                                                   of joint problems is by having a check-up with
                                                                                                                        gray”                                      a qualified physical therapist every six months
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          you do run the risk of having osteoarthritis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          problems later in life.
                                                                                                                                                                   or so. For example, if you have ever been in an

                                                                                                                      The Old
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Eat a healthy, balanced
                                                                                                                                                                   accident or had a fall, you may be holding yourself                                    Our joints put up
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          diet that is high in
                     Henrietta Norton: 	                                Dr Sarah Brewer:                                                                           incorrectly to compensate. This can result in an

                                                                                                                     Wives’ Tale
                       Constipation has many causes but                   Constipation often relate                                                                imbalance in your body that would not show
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          antioxidants (fruit and         with a great deal
                                                                                                         s to poor                                                                                                        veg) and omega 3 (oily
                       the most common is hardened stools.               fibre intake, poor fluid                                                                  up in an X-ray.
                                                                                                    intake and                                                                                                            fish). Limit your intake of
                       Natural foods stay soft in the digestive          lack of exercise. A whole                                                                    Finding a good physical therapist can protect
                                                                                                        food diet                                 cdotal                                                                  red meat as there are now preliminary studies
                       tract because they contain fibre that            can help, as whole grain
                                                                                                       cereals,      This is now more than ane                     your joints from long-term damage. Choosing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          showing that there is a link with arthritis. Get out
                                                                                                                                                   day’;
                      absorbs water and expands. Fresh fruit            salads, nuts, seeds, fru
                                                                                                   it and            evidence from ‘back in the                    the right therapist is particularly important if
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          in the fresh air and sunlight, since this increases
                                                                                                                                                  that
                      and vegetables naturally contain a lot of         vegetables supply fibre.
                                                                                                     Prunes          science has since learned                     you already have joint problems, such as arthritis,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          your vitamin D. levels.
                                                                                                                                                   l laxative.
                      water whereas dried fruits such as prunes         are especially helpful wh
                                                                                                      en soaked      liquorice is indeed a natura                  so look for a qualified osteopath or sports
                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Above all, enjoy your life. Find as many reasons
                                                                                                                                                   ion
                      and figs contain concentrated amounts of         in water or cold tea ove
                                                                                                   rnight and        It stimulates peristaltic act                 physiotherapist or a McTimoney practitioner.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                          to laugh as possible for there is now some evidence
                      fibre. Whole grains such as brown rice           eaten for breakfast. Se                        in much  the same manner as                                                                         that laughter will improve your health.
                                                                                                 rve with                                        ich               Daily care
                      and oats will provide soft, moist bulk for       natural bio yoghurt as
                                                                                                 probiotics           prescription laxatives wh                    On a day-to-day basis,
                      the digestive system. Foods such as              help to improve digestion                       encourage   the easy passage of
                                                                                                      . Some                                        tract by       practise yoga, Pilates
                      meats, cheese, refined grains and               probiotic bacteria have
                                                                                                  been shown           food through the digestive                  or t’ai chi. Keep
                     wheat can all create a clogging effect           to improve bowel transi                          creating muscu   lar contractions.
                                                                                                  t time and
                     in the digestive tract so eat these in           reduce bloating when tak
                                                                                                     en twice
                     moderation if you are prone to                  a day. Natural bulking age
                                                                                                     nts (e.g.
                     constipation. A combination of particular       psyllium husks) can als
                                                                                                o help but
                     fibres, such as psyllium husks and oat          must be taken with ple
                                                                                                nty of water.
                     fibre, act as sponges clinging to and           Laxatives such as lactul
                                                                                                ose (which
                     removing the hardened debris. Vitamin C        draws fluid into the bowe
                                                                                                   ls) or
                     and prebiotics can create softness             senna (which stimulates
                                                                                                  bowel
                    within the stools. Eating plenty of fruit,      contraction) may be sug
                                                                                                 gested for
                    vegetables and whole grains, chewing           short term use but it is
                                                                                               important
                    well, as well as drinking plenty of            not to become reliant on
                                                                                                 them.
                    water during the day are essential             Always tell your docto
                                                                                             r about any
                    in maintaining healthy bowel movements.        persistent change in bo
                                                                                              wel habit.


         8          Healthspan      November 2011                                                                                                                                                                                                                        November 2011       Healthspan     9
BEAUT Y



                                                                                                          Hair, nails and skin are often the first parts of         - the closest thing we currently have to an
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        SUPPLEMENTS THAT CAN
                                                                                                          your body to show signs of nutritional                    elixir of life that slows the ageing process.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        ENHANCE YOUR NATURAL
                                                                                                          deficiency. The rate at which new skin and hair           Antioxidants help to neutralise the free
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        BEAUTY
                                                                                                          cells are produced is second only to the speed            radical damage that triggers age spots, loss
                                                                                                          at which you make new blood cells in your bone            of skin elasticity, wrinkles and thinning hair.     Multivitaimins: A multivitamin and
                                                                                                          marrow. Skin and hair follicles therefore need a          Researchers have found that they can reduce         mineral acts as a nutritional safety net
                                                                                                          constant supply of nutrients for optimum health.          skin roughness and improve skin tone, clarity       that helps safeguard against common
                                                                                                             As well as nutrients, delicate dividing cells          and radiance while reducing fine wrinkles and       deficiencies such as B vitamins, iron
                                                                                                          need protection in the form of antioxidants               overall aged appearance.                            and zinc, which can affect skin quality.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Alternatively, choose a supplement
                                                                                                            Some of the best beauty foods are:                                                                          especially formulated for hair, skin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        and nail health.
                                                                                                            Avocado: which supplies antioxidant vitamins C, E and carotenoids, as well as moisturising
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        OptiFive: Provides a blend of
                                                                                                            mono-unsaturated fat which promotes plump, youthful skin.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        antioxidants from six vegetables and
                                                                                                            Beetroot: as it contains antioxidants that increase the ability of skin cells to absorb revitalising        seven fruits – ideal for those who don’t
                                                                                                            oxygen. Also a good source of silicon which strengthens hair and nails.                                     get their five servings per day.

                                                                                                            Berries: which are excellent sources of vitamin C and bioflavonoids that improve collagen                   Co-enzyme Q10: Vital for oxygen
                                                                                                            formation and help keep skin supple.                                                                        uptake in cells, levels start to decrease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        over the age of 20 years. Lack of CoQ10
                                                                                                            Brazil nuts: which are the richest dietary source of antioxidant selenium. As well as protecting the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        means that cells do not receive all the
                                                                                                            skin from sun-ageing and reducing the formation of age spots, selenium is important for hair and nails.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        energy they need and are more likely
                                                                                                            Carrots: the carotenoids of which are concentrated in the skin for an antioxidant boost.                    to age.
                                                                                                            Excess turns skin orange but this fades and is considered harmless. Carrots are also a good source




     Eat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Omega 3: Moisturises and improves
                                                                                                            of silicon which strengthens skin, hair and nails.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        circulation and also has anti-inflammatory
                                                                                                            Fish: are an excellent source of omega 3 fatty acids which reduce skin dryness, improve elasticity,         actions, that all help to keep skin healthy.
                                                                                                            strengthen nails and add a glossy sheen to hair.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Vitamin C: Essential for collagen
                                                                                                            Garlic and onions: provide sulphur compounds that reduce free radicals and are secreted onto




     yourself beautiful
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        formation and healthy skin, hair and nails.
                                                                                                            the skin via sweat glands. (Chew parsley to mask the less-than-beautiful odour, or take enteric-coated
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Selenium: This powerful antioxidant
                                                                                                            supplements)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        can reduce the number of skin cells that
                                                                                                            Grapes: contain at least 20 different antioxidants that strengthen skin capillaries and help to             die following exposure to ultraviolet light
                                                                                                            reduce skin sagging. Select red and black grapes for the greatest protection.                               by up to 90%.
                                                                                                            Macadamia nuts: which are a richer source of moisturising mono-unsaturated fats than olive oil              Lycopene: This tomato carotenoid also
                                                                                                            and a good source of vitamin E and protein.                                                                 protects your skin from the ageing effects
                                                                                by Dr Sarah Brewer
                                                                                                            Soy beans: as their isoflavones provide a mild oestrogen boost for menopausal skin, maintaining             of UV light.
                                                                                                            suppleness to combat dryness and wrinkles. Available as beans, tofu, miso, tempeh, soy milk and
                                               Throughout the ages, women have sought a variety                                                                                                                         MSM: An organic form of sulphur needed
                                                                                                            supplements.                                                                                                for healthy collagen formation. It helps to
                                               of ways to accentuate their beauty and retain it into        Tea: especially green and white teas – are so full of anti-ageing flavonoid antioxidants that extracts      keep skin youthful by reducing abnormal
                                               old age. Cleopatra bathed in Dead Sea mineral mud            are now being added to cosmetics to improve skin youthfulness.                                              cross linkages that contribute to wrinkles.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Also helps to maintain healthy hair
                                               and asses’ milk, while the fashionista in Ancient Rome                                                                                                                   and nails.
                                               used lead salts to whiten their complexion. But beauty                                                                                                                   Red vine leaf: Contains antioxidants
                                                                                                            GETTING THE BEST FROM YOUR BEAUTY FOODS
                                               is more than just skin-deep: good nutrition is one of                                                                                                                    that strengthen small blood vessels
                                                                                                            • Buy products that are as fresh as possible and use within a day – don’t store for too long or their       (circulation) in the skin so fluid can’t leak
                                               the biggest-kept beauty secrets for staving off wrinkles     nutrient content decreases. • Organic fruit and vegetables tend to provide more concentrated                into the tissues so easily. Helps to reduce
                                               and maintaining youthfulness.                                nutrients. • Eat at least two servings of fresh fruit per day . • Eat at least three servings of raw or     swelling and heaviness associated with
                                                                                                            lightly steamed vegetables per day (not counting potatoes). • Eat a large salad per day, including          varicose veins.
                                                                                                            as wide a variety of raw plants as possible, e.g. fennel, chicory, mixed baby lettuce leaves,               Evening primrose oil: Provides
                                                                                                            watercress, spinach, grated carrot, peas, tomato, cucumber, sweetcorn, grated beetroot, grated              GLA (gammalinolenic acid), an essential
                                                                                                            broccoli, nuts, seeds etc. • Aim for colour on your plate – mix dark green, orange, yellow and red          fatty acid that moisturises skin, reducing
                                                                                                            vegetables as much as possible. • Eat vegetables or fruits raw or only lightly steamed (where               dryness and itching. Also strengthens
                                                                                                            appropriate) to maximise their antioxidant content. • Use the water from steaming vegetables for            nails and improves hair glossiness – you
                                                                                                            making soups and gravies. • Try making liquidised soups from raw vegetables and just warming                will start to notice an improvement within
                                                                                                            through before serving (e.g. gazpacho).                                                                     three months. n



36   F R EE PO S T A G E A N D P A C K I N G                                                                                                                                                                          w w w . h e a l t h s p an . c o . u k            37
vitality special
The evidence for
antioxidants
Antioxidants can seem a confusing topic. Here,
Professor Carey takes an in-depth look at how
they work and why they are good for us...
By Professor Adam Carey




             T
                      he price that we pay for life is   are broken down to be used by the       drop as we age. In addition,
                      that our bodies slowly die. This   body for energy, growth and repair.     environmental factors can increase
                      isn’t some deep philosophical        But oxidation also leads to           oxidation, so speeding ageing.
                  reflection but a simple biological     degeneration and ageing. During           Fortunately many foods contain
                  fact – the very processes that keep    oxidation, positively and negatively    antioxidants and it is easy to take in
Professor Adam us alive also generate toxic              charged particles are formed,           more simply by improving our diet.
Carey spent 19    chemicals that can damage and          known as ‘free radicals’. Within
                                                         cells, free radicals break down other
                                                                                                 The ACE vitamins...
years in the NHS, eventually destroy the body’s cells.
                                                                                                 Perhaps the best known
specialising in      One of the most important of        chemicals such as fats and proteins.
                                                                                                 antioxidants are vitamins and
nutrition.        these processes is a chemical
                  reaction involving oxygen called
                                                         Repairing the damage...                 minerals, in particular vitamin A,
                                                         This damage doesn’t go unchecked.       C, and E. A group of chemicals
                  oxidation. This is common
                                                         Chemicals which have an                 called carotenoids – found in red,
                  throughout nature, causing iron
                                                         antioxidant effect, prevent             orange and yellow vegetables and
                  to rust, for example, or butter to
                                                         oxidation or ‘mop up’ free radicals.    fruit - are especially important.
                  go rancid. In humans, oxidation
                                                         Although the body produces its            Flavonoids are another important
                  is an essential part of normal
                                                         own supply of antioxidants, levels      group of antioxidants. Red wine is
                  metabolism, whereby nutrients


                                                                                                               March 2011    Healthspan    27
Dr Sarah Brewer               MEMORY




                                     IQ data in
                                     a time capsule
                                     The discovery of lost IQ data from school children in the 1930s and 1940s has provided a
                                     unique insight into the relationship between lifestyle, ageing and cognitive decline. This
                                     research is especially significant as it offers a way of comparing the early mental ability of
                                     some of the original participants with their cognitive function today, more than sixty years on.

                                     The differences in performance across the        in beautiful copperplate handwriting, lay           The Scottish Mental Survey tested every 11-
                                     ages confirm that, as suspected, some of         mouldering in a basement, wrapped in brown       year-old in Scotland, obtaining data on 89,498
                                     the age-related inability to think straight is   paper and tied with string, until rediscovered   children in 1932 and 70,805 children in 1947.
                                     self-inflicted. Some researchers even believe    by Lawrence Whalley, Professor of Mental         The motivation at the time was a concern that
                                     that following a healthy diet and lifestyle      Health, University of Aberdeen; he was acting    the IQ of the nation was declining.
                                     may prevent half of all cases of dementia.       on a tip from Ian Deary, Professor of               This extraordinary data now provides a way
                                        The original IQ data was collected by the     Differential Psychology at the University        of studying the effects of aging on thought
                                     Scottish Council for Research in Education       of Edinburgh, who found a lucky reference        processes and understanding – something
                                     in both 1932 and 1947. The ledgers, recorded     to the forgotten study in an obscure book.       psychologists refer to as cognitive ability.




                                                                                                                                                                                t
28   freephone 0 8 0 0 73 12 3 7 7                                                                                                               w w w.he a lthspa n.co.uk              29
Nurture
                                                                                JULY 2011




A D V A N C E D   S K I N        N U T R I T I O N   A N T I - A G E I N G   S K I N C A R E




 Banish blemishes
  for flawless summer skin




                                                                                 £2
                                                                                 Off            *




  protect
  Have you tried our NEW
                                                                                        *when you
                                                                                         spend £17




                                                               range?
                            TM




FOR INNER HEALTH       & OUTER BEAUTY
nurture skincare




         Welcome to your complementary issue of                                       The                                                                              “Protect today
      ‘Nurture’, dedicated to bringing you the latest skincare
      news and advice from Healthspan.
                                                                                   Editor’s                                                                             for beautiful
                                                                                                                                                                        skin tomorrow”
                                                                                    Letter
        If you haven’t discovered nurture skincare before, now is
      the time as we’ve recently gone through a ‘make-over’ with
      some stylish new packaging and exciting new products!
        In this magazine we’re delighted to launch our newest                                                                                                          Did you know that 90% of skin
      range – nurture protect. All products in this range are free                                                                                                     ageing is the result of UV exposure?
      from fragrances, colours and artificial preservatives, as well as being hypoallergenic so suitable
      for sensitive skin. Read all about them on page 6.                                                                                                               Introducing our NEW skin protection
        I also want to take this opportunity to remind you about our unique award-winning nurture                                                                      solutions and expert advice overleaf...
              replenish range. This is the only range in the UK which helps to feed back essential levels
                 of oestrogen which decline during and after the menopause.
                     I hope you enjoy reading this issue and join the thousands of women who have
                   already discovered the ‘nurture’ difference. Take advantage of our introductory offer
                   today - spend just £10 and we’ll give you our new protect day cream FREE.



                                                           Jill Chadwick        P.S. Don’t forget to check out our new
                                                                                website www.nurtureskincare.co.uk



                                                                           5      This month’s experts
                                                                                         Alice Hart Davis. An award-winning
                                                                                       beauty journalist writing for The Times, Red
                                                                                        and The Daily Mail. She has written a book




                                                                                                                                                                            FREE
                                                                                          called ‘Be Beautiful: every girl’s guide to

	 4	 Incidental sun damage                                                                                  hair, skin and make-up’.



	 5	 Introducing nurture protect                                                    Dr David DjerAssi. Currently the Wellness
                                                                                     and Nutricosmetic Director for LycoRed Corp.
                                                                                                                                                                         nurture protect day
	 6	 Skin protection solutions
                                                                                       He has a Masters degree in Pharmaceutical
                                                                                      Chemistry and an MBA in Marketing. He has
                                                                                        been awarded a number of patents in the                                          cream - worth £9.95
	8	 Feed back what time takes away                                                         Health and Beauty field and published
                                                                                          numerous scientific papers on vitamins,


	10	 Head to toe solutions
                                                                           8
                                                                                                   amino acids and antioxidants.




 	12	 Free trial offer
                                                                                           Dr Sarah Brewer. Qualified from
                                                                                        Cambridge University. Having worked as a
                                                                                       GP and hospital doctor, she now specialises
                                                                                           in nutritional medicine and is a medical
                                                                                                          consultant to Healthspan.

              We take our environmental responsibilities
              seriously, therefore this magazine has
              been printed on paper sourced from




                                                                           10
              well-managed forests. Nurture is a                                                      Every effort has been made to locate the copyright holders for
              Registered Trademark of Healthspan                                                        the images used within this publication. However, if we have
              Limited. All rights reserved.                                                             missed anyone, please email: dearnurture@healthspan.co.uk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 3
let the sunshine in     skin exposure special




                                                                                                     “New clinical                                             Introducing


    Incidental
                                                                                                      evidence for sun                                         nurture protect
                                                                                                      supplements”                                             An innovation in skincare to help defend against
                                                                                                                                                               the many external influences that can accelerate
                                                                                                                                                               the ageing process of skin. Following nurture’s




      sun damage
                                                                                                                A WORD TO THE WISE                             inner health and outer beauty philosophy, the
                                                                                                      Dr David Djerassi is from LycoRed Corp, an               range comprises of both nutritional supplements
                                                                                                      innovative nutricosmetics company who have               and moisturisers which not only help prevent
                                                                                                      made significant investments clinically trialling
                                                                                                                                                               premature ageing, but also contain the latest
                                                                                                                                                               in anti-ageing active ingredients to help reverse
                                                                                                      and proving the benefits of ingestible nutrients
                                                                                                                                                               the existing signs of damage.
                                                                                                      for use in skin supplements.
                                                                                                                                                               The entire range:
                                                                                                     It has been well established that sun                     • 	Contains clinically proven active
                        We all know that UV rays are damaging to the health of our                   exposure, imbalanced nutrition and smoking                   ingredients such as biomimetic tetrapeptide
                        skin. In fact, they are the No.1 cause of premature ageing.                  are responsible for 90% of skin ageing.                      ChroNolineTM to help reduce the appearance
                                                                                                     Carotenoid and polythenol antioxidants are                   of fine lines and wrinkles.

                        In this special edition we have asked two skin and beauty                    among the key ingredients incorporated in                 • 	Also contains natural plant extracts such as
                                                                                                     beauty supplements to boost the skin’s own                   edelweiss extract to help protect against free
                        experts to share their words of wisdom about how best                        defence system. Lycopene is a carotenoid                     radical damage.
                        to protect your skin.                                                        whose photo-protective benefits have been                 • 	Is hypoallergenic so suitable for even the
                                                                                                     demonstrated thoroughly and proven in                        most sensitive of skin.
                                                                                                     numerous studies. In 2009 a study over a
                                                                                                                                                               • 	Is FREE from fragrance, colours and
                                                                                                     10 week period found that a daily intake
                                                                                                                                                                  artificial preservatives.
                   FIRST WORD
                                                                                                     of natural lycopene showed a three-fold
                                                                                                     reduction in the formation of sun burn
      Alice Hart Davis is an award-winning           desk. Their effects might seem slight,          cells compared to a placebo.
      beauty journalist. She tells us how it’s not   but they add up over the years.
      just the sun worshippers that need to worry                                                    At LycoRed we have taken this one step
                                                     There are no handy statistics to show           further, taking our unique high strength                                                      TM
      about UV exposure...
                                                     the effects of incidental, everyday




    I
                                                                                                     lycopene and combining with lutein and
                                                     exposure, but if you ask a skincare             rosemary extract. The results created
          t’s the sun-damage that you                professional, they’ll tell you that it is the   synergy; the formation of sunburn cells
          don’t even know is happening,              biggest contributing factor in the              was further reduced as compared to
          the slow, stealthy assault on your         skin-ageing equation. After all, what                                                                combining science and nature
                                                                                                     using Lycopene alone. This is amongst the



                                                                                                                                                                                                        NEW
          skin that adds up over the years           proportion of your time do you spend            only combination of ingestible nutrients             for effective anti-ageing
    and results in rough skin texture,               basking by a pool, or playing golf in full      which are proven to offer skin protective
    wrinkles and age spots. “Incidental”             sun? It’s during the rest of your life that     properties from within.”
    exposure to ultra-violet light is part of        the damage is done.
    everyday life. It’s the rays that you pick
                                                     But knowledge is power. Choose a
    up on a day-to-day basis, walking the
                                                     skincare product with both UVA and
    dog or going to the shops.
                                                     UVB protection and wear it every day,
    When the weather is cool or dull, the            whatever the weather. For backup,
    ‘burning’ UVB rays aren’t a worry, but           protect your skin from the inside, by
    the ‘ageing’ UVA rays still are. These           eating colourful, antioxidant-rich foods
    are present in daylight all year round,          and taking a high-strength antioxidant
    and pass through glass, so still reach           beauty supplement. That way you’re
    you in the car, or at a window-side              covered. And talking of cover, you
                                                     could always add a hat...”




                                                                                                                                                                        See overleaf for details.


4                                                                                                                                                                        www.nurtureskincare.co.uk                 5
this Christmas let skin sparkle




    4 steps to thoroughly
    cleansed skin
    In order for your skin to sparkle this Christmas you must first cleanse and tone to remove all the debris that
    your skin may have picked up during the day. Here are four steps on how to achieve thoroughly cleansed skin.


       1          Splash your face with warm water.
                   This will help to open pores.
                                                                           3       Remove the cleanser with warm water,
                                                                                   a muslin cloth or cotton wool pads,


        2            Place a small amount of cleanser onto
                     your finger tips and massage gently into
                     your face and neck in circular motions. Do
                                                                                   making sure all traces have been
                                                                                 removed. Splash your face with cold
                                                                               water. This will help to close your pores.
                   this for around one minute.


                                                                           4
                                                                                   Use a toner. This will help to restore
                   replenish facial wash                                            your skin’s normal pH level as well
                   This luxuriously creamy foaming facial wash                      as refreshing the skin and help skin
                   contains nourishing borage oil, one of nature’s                 to maintain elasticity.
                   richest known sources of the essential fatty acid
                   GLA and natural moisturising oils. It helps skin to              protect gentle toner
                   retain moisture, therefore reducing the prominence
                   of fine lines which appear due to a lack of moisture.            A gentle facial tonic with a specially formulated
                                                                                    blend of active ingredients to help tone, refresh
                   £6.45 75ml tube                                                  and remove the last traces of make-up. It helps to




                                                                                                                                              A sensitive
                                                                                    ensure skin is not stripped of its moisture balance
                   protect soothing cream cleanser                                  and pro-vitamin B5 helps maintain skin elasticity.
                                                                                    This mild tonic is especially gentle on irritable skin.
                   A fragrance-free calming cream cleanser to remove
                   dirt and make-up gently and thoroughly without                   £4.45 200ml bottle
                   causing irritation or drying the skin. Leaves skin




                                                                                                                                                                                                                        soul
                   clean, soft and hydrated with pro-vitamin B5. Can be             Or SAVE £1 by buying cleanser
                   rinsed off with water or using a dry cotton wool pad.            and toner together £7.90
                   £4.45 200ml bottle

                                                                                                                                                                        There are many different factors
                                                                                                                                                                           that women take into account
                                                                                                                                                                       when choosing a skincare product.
                                                                                                                                                                          This could, for example be the
                                                                                                                                                                           price, what the benefits are or
                                                                                                                                                                           what age range it is aimed at.




                                                                                                                                              F
                                                                                                                                                        or women with sensitive skin, the     the difference between an irritant and an      an itch, is characteristic of an irritant effect.
                                                                                                                                                        most important factor would be        allergic reaction, so that you know what to    This clears up rapidly after ceasing to use
                                                                                                                                                        finding a product which suits their   look out for once you have conducted a         the product that is causing the problem.
                                                                                                                                                        skin. This is a widespread issue,     patch test.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Allergic reactions are more excessive
                                                                                                                                              with 53% of women believing that they have
                                                                                                                                                                                              ‘Irritant reactions are the most common        reactions by our bodies to substances in
                                                                                                                                              sensitive skin.
                                                                                                                                                                                              adverse reaction and should not be confused    our environment that are harmless to the
                                                                                                                                              If you apply a skin product and you feel        with allergic reactions. An irritant type of   majority. A person who is allergic to a
                                                                                                                                              that you have had a reaction, there is no       reaction occurs rapidly following the use of   substance may be sensitised to it for the
                                                                                                                                              initial cause for alarm. The CTPA (Cosmetic,    a product and does not involve the immune      rest of their life yet most people would never
                                                                                                                                              Toiletry and Perfumery Association) explain     system. Redness of the skin, sometimes with    become allergic to that same substance.’



2    freephone orderline 0800 072 9510                                                                                                                                                                                                            www.nurtureskincare.co.uk                      3
Magazine designs
Magazine designs
Magazine designs
Magazine designs
Magazine designs
Magazine designs
Magazine designs

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Magazine designs

Vitality Fiber wise
Vitality Fiber wiseVitality Fiber wise
Vitality Fiber wisewohat
 
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822Aamir Awan
 
Wp Webinar With Visutals
Wp Webinar With VisutalsWp Webinar With Visutals
Wp Webinar With VisutalsJMARSDEN92
 
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplements
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and SupplementsThe health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplements
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplementsyacht1sword
 
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011shellkeane
 
Nutritional Neurochemistry
Nutritional NeurochemistryNutritional Neurochemistry
Nutritional NeurochemistryRick Hanson
 
The Magnificent of Bananas
The Magnificent of BananasThe Magnificent of Bananas
The Magnificent of BananasNizam Zan
 
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8bhavik a shah
 
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona Pandemic
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona PandemicReverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona Pandemic
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona PandemicVivek Agrawal
 
7 anti aging foods
7 anti aging foods7 anti aging foods
7 anti aging foodskirti betai
 
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+Vegetables
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+VegetablesTo+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+Vegetables
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+VegetablesF Blanco
 

Similar a Magazine designs (20)

Public
PublicPublic
Public
 
Cholesterol
CholesterolCholesterol
Cholesterol
 
ND-Notes-1-3
ND-Notes-1-3ND-Notes-1-3
ND-Notes-1-3
 
omega
omegaomega
omega
 
Vitality Fiber wise
Vitality Fiber wiseVitality Fiber wise
Vitality Fiber wise
 
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822
DXN Presentation By Aamir Javed Awan 03442117822
 
Real Foods for Diabetes Type 2
Real Foods for Diabetes Type 2Real Foods for Diabetes Type 2
Real Foods for Diabetes Type 2
 
Wp Webinar With Visutals
Wp Webinar With VisutalsWp Webinar With Visutals
Wp Webinar With Visutals
 
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplements
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and SupplementsThe health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplements
The health advantages of Mangosteen Fruit and Supplements
 
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011
Nutritional Neurochemistry - Jan Hanson, Esalen September, 2011
 
Nutritional Neurochemistry
Nutritional NeurochemistryNutritional Neurochemistry
Nutritional Neurochemistry
 
The Magnificent of Bananas
The Magnificent of BananasThe Magnificent of Bananas
The Magnificent of Bananas
 
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8
Flaxseed 1220407161221297-8
 
Flaxseed
FlaxseedFlaxseed
Flaxseed
 
Bananas
BananasBananas
Bananas
 
Maximum Slim
Maximum Slim Maximum Slim
Maximum Slim
 
A z nutri tips
A z nutri tipsA z nutri tips
A z nutri tips
 
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona Pandemic
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona PandemicReverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona Pandemic
Reverse Disease Diet Plan During Corona Pandemic
 
7 anti aging foods
7 anti aging foods7 anti aging foods
7 anti aging foods
 
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+Vegetables
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+VegetablesTo+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+Vegetables
To+Your+Health+ +Eat+Your+Vegetables
 

Más de Sarahcheasley

Peppering Kitchen Presentation
Peppering Kitchen PresentationPeppering Kitchen Presentation
Peppering Kitchen PresentationSarahcheasley
 
Holdens House Presentation
Holdens House PresentationHoldens House Presentation
Holdens House PresentationSarahcheasley
 
Smithson Living Room
Smithson Living RoomSmithson Living Room
Smithson Living RoomSarahcheasley
 
Welcome & product guide
Welcome & product guideWelcome & product guide
Welcome & product guideSarahcheasley
 
Internet email design
Internet email designInternet email design
Internet email designSarahcheasley
 
A5 mini magazines and guides
A5 mini magazines and guidesA5 mini magazines and guides
A5 mini magazines and guidesSarahcheasley
 
Healthspan Magazine Layouts
Healthspan Magazine LayoutsHealthspan Magazine Layouts
Healthspan Magazine LayoutsSarahcheasley
 
Healthspan\'s Product Directory
Healthspan\'s Product DirectoryHealthspan\'s Product Directory
Healthspan\'s Product DirectorySarahcheasley
 

Más de Sarahcheasley (10)

Peppering Kitchen Presentation
Peppering Kitchen PresentationPeppering Kitchen Presentation
Peppering Kitchen Presentation
 
Holdens House Presentation
Holdens House PresentationHoldens House Presentation
Holdens House Presentation
 
Smithson Living Room
Smithson Living RoomSmithson Living Room
Smithson Living Room
 
Welcome & product guide
Welcome & product guideWelcome & product guide
Welcome & product guide
 
Internet email design
Internet email designInternet email design
Internet email design
 
Magazine designs
Magazine designsMagazine designs
Magazine designs
 
A5 mini magazines and guides
A5 mini magazines and guidesA5 mini magazines and guides
A5 mini magazines and guides
 
Healthspan Magazine Layouts
Healthspan Magazine LayoutsHealthspan Magazine Layouts
Healthspan Magazine Layouts
 
Direct Marketing
Direct MarketingDirect Marketing
Direct Marketing
 
Healthspan\'s Product Directory
Healthspan\'s Product DirectoryHealthspan\'s Product Directory
Healthspan\'s Product Directory
 

Magazine designs

  • 1. The UK’s leading health & nutrition magazine May/Jun ’12 £1.50 Be strong! Is protein the secret to healthy ageing? Healthy The digestion experts’ ...the easy way choice Their views on glucosamine In the news + What we’ve learnt this month + Body watch: the heart Healthspan clinic + Women’s health: decade by decade + Recession depression
  • 2. INSIDER Info Men! Focus on five a-day Disguise that fishy tang! Sometimes all the health messages available can Urinary problems in men are common in middle seem overwhelming. But there is one message that age. If you find you are passing water more often, remains constant – eat more fruit and vegetables. particularly at night, having difficulty getting The average person in the UK eats less than three going or urgently need to go, then have a Problem: Mackerel, herrings and sardines have a strong taste that some people find portions of fruit and vegetables a day, and if you think check-up with your GP. It may mean your unpleasant. But not eating oily fish means you miss out on omega 3 oils that ease you are one of them why not try some interesting prostate is enlarging and causing a blockage. inflammation, boost the brain and improve cardiovascular health. ways to up your daily intake? A scrummy breakfast Zinc and the herb saw palmetto can help to smoothie with handfuls of summer berries or Solution: Try disguising salmon – a milder oily fish – in fish cakes or pie. Meaty fresh keep the prostate gland healthy. home-made ice-lollies with real fruit inside! tuna can also tickle the taste buds where other oily fish fails, especially served with something robust like a sweet chilli marinade. Alternatively, take fish oil capsules (ideally what we’ve learnt a minimum of 300mg combined EPA and DHA daily) – or 1tsp daily of a citrus-flavoured cod liver oil. Try disguisin Vegetarians can get the EPA element g sa of omega 3 from flaxseeds or lm flaxseed oil, rapeseed (canola) o oil, walnuts and leafy green vegetables. ni Gardening n fi Hot health topics & how they affect you sh cak r pie is a form of exericse... es o There’s a helping hand for weight loss …so you should stretch before and after- wards just as you do at the gym. If you find No supplement can take the place that all the bending and kneeling makes your of eating healthily and exercising, joints ache more than usual, try looking at particularly when it comes to dieting, but there are some great nutrients out Still not a fan of oily fish? Try your diet to see if there are any changes you there which can give you a boost if taking a fish oil capsule instead. can make to give your joints a healthy boost. Something to you’re trying to lose a few pounds. For A healthy diet should provide calcium to smile example CLA (Conjugated Linoleic keep the bones strong and omega 3 essen- about Acid) helps inhibit the transport tial fatty acids (found in oily fish) which are of fat from the blood to fat cells. thought to reduce the inflammation process Daily flossing can add an estimated 6.4 years to your And a pioneering human study and subsequent joint damage. Glucosamine life, with research showing that people with inflamed found that a group of people taking and chondroitin also may help with Peppermint’s stomach-settling gums have a 23%-46% higher mortality rate. Gum CLA lost up to 20% of their Did you effect makes it a popular discomfort, while helping to keep joints inflammation allows bacteria from the mouth to enter body fat within three months! know? ingredient in those after-dinner strong. A topical gel containing capsicum the circulation which can trigger arterial disease increas- and oil of wintergreen can help soothe mints that often turn up with your ing the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. and may also contain n-acetyl bill after a meal out. Unfortunately, few glucosamine. Natural anti-inflam- Useful supplements: CoQ10 helps to reverse of these sweet treats contain much peppermint oil. matories include ginger, bromelain, receding gums when combined with proper dental You’re much better off missing out on the sugar devil’s claw and MSM. hygiene. Pycnogenol strengthens small blood and trying a peppermint oil supplement or even vessels and can reduce gum bleeding. enjoying a soothing cup of peppermint tea. 2 Healthspan May 2012 May 2012 Healthspan 3
  • 3. Joint health which supplement is right for you? Professor Adam Carey spent 19 years in the NHS. He now regularly appears in the media, specialising in nutrition DID YOU KNOW? For people with shellfish allergies, there is Glucosamine Hydrochloride which is created by fermenting corn - this is popular in the USA and with vegans and it is also gluten-free (even though it is made from corn). for performance. By Professor Adam Carey The big three a more efficient pain-free range of Glucosamine, chondroitin and MSM are probably movement. Bromelain is commonly the most widely used supplements that may help to used with other plant extracted As we get older, joint reduce joint pain and are often used in combination. enzymes that reduce inflammation with increased therapeutic effects health often becomes Glucosamine is an amino-sugar, which is one of the main building blocks of cartilage. and without reported side effects. more of a concern. This is Chondroitin also plays a structural Herbal help role in cartilage, providing becoming more important resistance to the compression Devil’s claw, or wood spider, is a plant native to South caused by joint movement. with the Government MSM provides a rich source Africa that has been taken as a tea to manage inflammatory now recommending that of sulphur molecules that are required in the formation disorders for many years and is now recognised as an herbal we increase our activity of connective tissues. medication in the European Using a product containing levels. What can we do these building blocks does not Pharmacopoeia. A recent review reported directly reduce inflammation, but to protect our joints? appears to improve the structure of a decrease in pain from either osteoarthritis or the lower back Devil’s Claw is the joint and surrounding tissues. By in ten of 11 of the studies. traditional herbal maintaining the joint, in some cases, It is now well recognised that people who The main anti-inflammatory remedy known to this improves the pain-free range of engage in large amounts of high impact agent is thought to be the relieve painful joints. movement in the affected area. The activities, such as running, can actually chemical ‘harpagoside’, tolerability of using these shorten the life of their joints. With levels which helps to stop the of obesity on the increase, more and more conversation of the fatty of us are also suffering from joint damage acid, arachidonic acid, and osteoarthritis. As a result, there is a “Bromelain is an extract into pro-inflammatory greater demand for prescribed drugs despite from the pineapple plant...” messengers. their risks and side effects. However, there Although often very is a wide-range of nutritional supplements effective, devil’s claw, like that may be taken as an alternative, or along all medications has some supplements is good and no significant with, traditional medication and as part of potential side effects. It has adverse effects have been noted. This a long-term insurance policy to look after a bitter taste and interferes with means they can be used long term, which our joints. some medications like Warfarin and has been shown to increase the thickness can aggravate conditions where there is an of the articular surface of the joint, helping excess of stomach acid. the body repair and protect itself. High impact activities can Best of British actually shorten the life of Tropical support Long valued for its high vitamin C content, the Bromelain is an extract from the stem of your joints... anti-inflammatory action of rose hip has often the pineapple plant and contains numerous been overlooked although studies show it may help anti-inflammatory chemicals and has been reduce the movement of inflammatory markers into used all over the world for its action. an inflamed site. The vitamin C content may also Bromelain reduces the inflammatory response, have an anti-inflammatory action. In combination, alleviating pressure within the joint and allowing 8 Healthspan July 2012 July 2012 Healthspan 9
  • 4. 3 digestion special When your bowels work properly, it’s easy to take them for granted. How to keep your We look at three suggestions of what to do when they’re not moving as they should… joints as young as you Ensure that your joints are healthy enough to keep up with you. of a okind n C nstipatio By Vivienne Coleman O ur joints put up with a great deal during flexible by stretching gently for a few minutes each 1. our lives. Many of them are still adapting from day and ensuring that your posture is good. Think the days when we walked on all fours. However about this when sitting and walking: it trains the 2. there are ways to ensure we look after them and so muscles and ligaments into the ‘right’ position. Vivienne get the very best from them for as long as possible. Walking is always good. Make it brisk, swinging Coleman your arms to get that heart-rate up, and do it for Make joint health a priority about 20 minutes a day. Swimming is a great way is a qualified 3. It’s amazing that we consider it par for the course osteopath with to exercise the joints while keeping the weight off to have our cars serviced twice a year and yet The Arthritic “Chew on them – ideal for those carrying a few more pounds we expect our bodies to put up with everything Assocation. than they should! “Stress makes some we put them through without too much care As with so many things, moderation is key. The your hair turn liquorice” and attention. One of the ways we can reduce the likelihood Don’t over-exercise, since that will damage the The GP joints. If you were very sporty when young, Nutritionist of joint problems is by having a check-up with gray” a qualified physical therapist every six months you do run the risk of having osteoarthritis problems later in life. or so. For example, if you have ever been in an The Old Eat a healthy, balanced accident or had a fall, you may be holding yourself Our joints put up diet that is high in Henrietta Norton: Dr Sarah Brewer: incorrectly to compensate. This can result in an Wives’ Tale Constipation has many causes but Constipation often relate imbalance in your body that would not show antioxidants (fruit and with a great deal s to poor veg) and omega 3 (oily the most common is hardened stools. fibre intake, poor fluid up in an X-ray. intake and fish). Limit your intake of Natural foods stay soft in the digestive lack of exercise. A whole Finding a good physical therapist can protect food diet cdotal red meat as there are now preliminary studies tract because they contain fibre that can help, as whole grain cereals, This is now more than ane your joints from long-term damage. Choosing showing that there is a link with arthritis. Get out day’; absorbs water and expands. Fresh fruit salads, nuts, seeds, fru it and evidence from ‘back in the the right therapist is particularly important if in the fresh air and sunlight, since this increases that and vegetables naturally contain a lot of vegetables supply fibre. Prunes science has since learned you already have joint problems, such as arthritis, your vitamin D. levels. l laxative. water whereas dried fruits such as prunes are especially helpful wh en soaked liquorice is indeed a natura so look for a qualified osteopath or sports Above all, enjoy your life. Find as many reasons ion and figs contain concentrated amounts of in water or cold tea ove rnight and It stimulates peristaltic act physiotherapist or a McTimoney practitioner. to laugh as possible for there is now some evidence fibre. Whole grains such as brown rice eaten for breakfast. Se in much the same manner as that laughter will improve your health. rve with ich Daily care and oats will provide soft, moist bulk for natural bio yoghurt as probiotics prescription laxatives wh On a day-to-day basis, the digestive system. Foods such as help to improve digestion encourage the easy passage of . Some tract by practise yoga, Pilates meats, cheese, refined grains and probiotic bacteria have been shown food through the digestive or t’ai chi. Keep wheat can all create a clogging effect to improve bowel transi creating muscu lar contractions. t time and in the digestive tract so eat these in reduce bloating when tak en twice moderation if you are prone to a day. Natural bulking age nts (e.g. constipation. A combination of particular psyllium husks) can als o help but fibres, such as psyllium husks and oat must be taken with ple nty of water. fibre, act as sponges clinging to and Laxatives such as lactul ose (which removing the hardened debris. Vitamin C draws fluid into the bowe ls) or and prebiotics can create softness senna (which stimulates bowel within the stools. Eating plenty of fruit, contraction) may be sug gested for vegetables and whole grains, chewing short term use but it is important well, as well as drinking plenty of not to become reliant on them. water during the day are essential Always tell your docto r about any in maintaining healthy bowel movements. persistent change in bo wel habit. 8 Healthspan November 2011 November 2011 Healthspan 9
  • 5. BEAUT Y Hair, nails and skin are often the first parts of - the closest thing we currently have to an SUPPLEMENTS THAT CAN your body to show signs of nutritional elixir of life that slows the ageing process. ENHANCE YOUR NATURAL deficiency. The rate at which new skin and hair Antioxidants help to neutralise the free BEAUTY cells are produced is second only to the speed radical damage that triggers age spots, loss at which you make new blood cells in your bone of skin elasticity, wrinkles and thinning hair. Multivitaimins: A multivitamin and marrow. Skin and hair follicles therefore need a Researchers have found that they can reduce mineral acts as a nutritional safety net constant supply of nutrients for optimum health. skin roughness and improve skin tone, clarity that helps safeguard against common As well as nutrients, delicate dividing cells and radiance while reducing fine wrinkles and deficiencies such as B vitamins, iron need protection in the form of antioxidants overall aged appearance. and zinc, which can affect skin quality. Alternatively, choose a supplement Some of the best beauty foods are: especially formulated for hair, skin and nail health. Avocado: which supplies antioxidant vitamins C, E and carotenoids, as well as moisturising OptiFive: Provides a blend of mono-unsaturated fat which promotes plump, youthful skin. antioxidants from six vegetables and Beetroot: as it contains antioxidants that increase the ability of skin cells to absorb revitalising seven fruits – ideal for those who don’t oxygen. Also a good source of silicon which strengthens hair and nails. get their five servings per day. Berries: which are excellent sources of vitamin C and bioflavonoids that improve collagen Co-enzyme Q10: Vital for oxygen formation and help keep skin supple. uptake in cells, levels start to decrease over the age of 20 years. Lack of CoQ10 Brazil nuts: which are the richest dietary source of antioxidant selenium. As well as protecting the means that cells do not receive all the skin from sun-ageing and reducing the formation of age spots, selenium is important for hair and nails. energy they need and are more likely Carrots: the carotenoids of which are concentrated in the skin for an antioxidant boost. to age. Excess turns skin orange but this fades and is considered harmless. Carrots are also a good source Eat Omega 3: Moisturises and improves of silicon which strengthens skin, hair and nails. circulation and also has anti-inflammatory Fish: are an excellent source of omega 3 fatty acids which reduce skin dryness, improve elasticity, actions, that all help to keep skin healthy. strengthen nails and add a glossy sheen to hair. Vitamin C: Essential for collagen Garlic and onions: provide sulphur compounds that reduce free radicals and are secreted onto yourself beautiful formation and healthy skin, hair and nails. the skin via sweat glands. (Chew parsley to mask the less-than-beautiful odour, or take enteric-coated Selenium: This powerful antioxidant supplements) can reduce the number of skin cells that Grapes: contain at least 20 different antioxidants that strengthen skin capillaries and help to die following exposure to ultraviolet light reduce skin sagging. Select red and black grapes for the greatest protection. by up to 90%. Macadamia nuts: which are a richer source of moisturising mono-unsaturated fats than olive oil Lycopene: This tomato carotenoid also and a good source of vitamin E and protein. protects your skin from the ageing effects by Dr Sarah Brewer Soy beans: as their isoflavones provide a mild oestrogen boost for menopausal skin, maintaining of UV light. suppleness to combat dryness and wrinkles. Available as beans, tofu, miso, tempeh, soy milk and Throughout the ages, women have sought a variety MSM: An organic form of sulphur needed supplements. for healthy collagen formation. It helps to of ways to accentuate their beauty and retain it into Tea: especially green and white teas – are so full of anti-ageing flavonoid antioxidants that extracts keep skin youthful by reducing abnormal old age. Cleopatra bathed in Dead Sea mineral mud are now being added to cosmetics to improve skin youthfulness. cross linkages that contribute to wrinkles. Also helps to maintain healthy hair and asses’ milk, while the fashionista in Ancient Rome and nails. used lead salts to whiten their complexion. But beauty Red vine leaf: Contains antioxidants GETTING THE BEST FROM YOUR BEAUTY FOODS is more than just skin-deep: good nutrition is one of that strengthen small blood vessels • Buy products that are as fresh as possible and use within a day – don’t store for too long or their (circulation) in the skin so fluid can’t leak the biggest-kept beauty secrets for staving off wrinkles nutrient content decreases. • Organic fruit and vegetables tend to provide more concentrated into the tissues so easily. Helps to reduce and maintaining youthfulness. nutrients. • Eat at least two servings of fresh fruit per day . • Eat at least three servings of raw or swelling and heaviness associated with lightly steamed vegetables per day (not counting potatoes). • Eat a large salad per day, including varicose veins. as wide a variety of raw plants as possible, e.g. fennel, chicory, mixed baby lettuce leaves, Evening primrose oil: Provides watercress, spinach, grated carrot, peas, tomato, cucumber, sweetcorn, grated beetroot, grated GLA (gammalinolenic acid), an essential broccoli, nuts, seeds etc. • Aim for colour on your plate – mix dark green, orange, yellow and red fatty acid that moisturises skin, reducing vegetables as much as possible. • Eat vegetables or fruits raw or only lightly steamed (where dryness and itching. Also strengthens appropriate) to maximise their antioxidant content. • Use the water from steaming vegetables for nails and improves hair glossiness – you making soups and gravies. • Try making liquidised soups from raw vegetables and just warming will start to notice an improvement within through before serving (e.g. gazpacho). three months. n 36 F R EE PO S T A G E A N D P A C K I N G w w w . h e a l t h s p an . c o . u k 37
  • 6. vitality special The evidence for antioxidants Antioxidants can seem a confusing topic. Here, Professor Carey takes an in-depth look at how they work and why they are good for us... By Professor Adam Carey T he price that we pay for life is are broken down to be used by the drop as we age. In addition, that our bodies slowly die. This body for energy, growth and repair. environmental factors can increase isn’t some deep philosophical But oxidation also leads to oxidation, so speeding ageing. reflection but a simple biological degeneration and ageing. During Fortunately many foods contain fact – the very processes that keep oxidation, positively and negatively antioxidants and it is easy to take in Professor Adam us alive also generate toxic charged particles are formed, more simply by improving our diet. Carey spent 19 chemicals that can damage and known as ‘free radicals’. Within cells, free radicals break down other The ACE vitamins... years in the NHS, eventually destroy the body’s cells. Perhaps the best known specialising in One of the most important of chemicals such as fats and proteins. antioxidants are vitamins and nutrition. these processes is a chemical reaction involving oxygen called Repairing the damage... minerals, in particular vitamin A, This damage doesn’t go unchecked. C, and E. A group of chemicals oxidation. This is common Chemicals which have an called carotenoids – found in red, throughout nature, causing iron antioxidant effect, prevent orange and yellow vegetables and to rust, for example, or butter to oxidation or ‘mop up’ free radicals. fruit - are especially important. go rancid. In humans, oxidation Although the body produces its Flavonoids are another important is an essential part of normal own supply of antioxidants, levels group of antioxidants. Red wine is metabolism, whereby nutrients March 2011 Healthspan 27
  • 7. Dr Sarah Brewer MEMORY IQ data in a time capsule The discovery of lost IQ data from school children in the 1930s and 1940s has provided a unique insight into the relationship between lifestyle, ageing and cognitive decline. This research is especially significant as it offers a way of comparing the early mental ability of some of the original participants with their cognitive function today, more than sixty years on. The differences in performance across the in beautiful copperplate handwriting, lay The Scottish Mental Survey tested every 11- ages confirm that, as suspected, some of mouldering in a basement, wrapped in brown year-old in Scotland, obtaining data on 89,498 the age-related inability to think straight is paper and tied with string, until rediscovered children in 1932 and 70,805 children in 1947. self-inflicted. Some researchers even believe by Lawrence Whalley, Professor of Mental The motivation at the time was a concern that that following a healthy diet and lifestyle Health, University of Aberdeen; he was acting the IQ of the nation was declining. may prevent half of all cases of dementia. on a tip from Ian Deary, Professor of This extraordinary data now provides a way The original IQ data was collected by the Differential Psychology at the University of studying the effects of aging on thought Scottish Council for Research in Education of Edinburgh, who found a lucky reference processes and understanding – something in both 1932 and 1947. The ledgers, recorded to the forgotten study in an obscure book. psychologists refer to as cognitive ability. t 28 freephone 0 8 0 0 73 12 3 7 7 w w w.he a lthspa n.co.uk 29
  • 8. Nurture JULY 2011 A D V A N C E D S K I N N U T R I T I O N A N T I - A G E I N G S K I N C A R E Banish blemishes for flawless summer skin £2 Off * protect Have you tried our NEW *when you spend £17 range? TM FOR INNER HEALTH & OUTER BEAUTY
  • 9. nurture skincare Welcome to your complementary issue of The “Protect today ‘Nurture’, dedicated to bringing you the latest skincare news and advice from Healthspan. Editor’s for beautiful skin tomorrow” Letter If you haven’t discovered nurture skincare before, now is the time as we’ve recently gone through a ‘make-over’ with some stylish new packaging and exciting new products! In this magazine we’re delighted to launch our newest Did you know that 90% of skin range – nurture protect. All products in this range are free ageing is the result of UV exposure? from fragrances, colours and artificial preservatives, as well as being hypoallergenic so suitable for sensitive skin. Read all about them on page 6. Introducing our NEW skin protection I also want to take this opportunity to remind you about our unique award-winning nurture solutions and expert advice overleaf... replenish range. This is the only range in the UK which helps to feed back essential levels of oestrogen which decline during and after the menopause. I hope you enjoy reading this issue and join the thousands of women who have already discovered the ‘nurture’ difference. Take advantage of our introductory offer today - spend just £10 and we’ll give you our new protect day cream FREE. Jill Chadwick P.S. Don’t forget to check out our new website www.nurtureskincare.co.uk 5 This month’s experts Alice Hart Davis. An award-winning beauty journalist writing for The Times, Red and The Daily Mail. She has written a book FREE called ‘Be Beautiful: every girl’s guide to 4 Incidental sun damage hair, skin and make-up’. 5 Introducing nurture protect Dr David DjerAssi. Currently the Wellness and Nutricosmetic Director for LycoRed Corp. nurture protect day 6 Skin protection solutions He has a Masters degree in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and an MBA in Marketing. He has been awarded a number of patents in the cream - worth £9.95 8 Feed back what time takes away Health and Beauty field and published numerous scientific papers on vitamins, 10 Head to toe solutions 8 amino acids and antioxidants. 12 Free trial offer Dr Sarah Brewer. Qualified from Cambridge University. Having worked as a GP and hospital doctor, she now specialises in nutritional medicine and is a medical consultant to Healthspan. We take our environmental responsibilities seriously, therefore this magazine has been printed on paper sourced from 10 well-managed forests. Nurture is a Every effort has been made to locate the copyright holders for Registered Trademark of Healthspan the images used within this publication. However, if we have Limited. All rights reserved. missed anyone, please email: dearnurture@healthspan.co.uk 3
  • 10. let the sunshine in skin exposure special “New clinical Introducing Incidental evidence for sun nurture protect supplements” An innovation in skincare to help defend against the many external influences that can accelerate the ageing process of skin. Following nurture’s sun damage A WORD TO THE WISE inner health and outer beauty philosophy, the Dr David Djerassi is from LycoRed Corp, an range comprises of both nutritional supplements innovative nutricosmetics company who have and moisturisers which not only help prevent made significant investments clinically trialling premature ageing, but also contain the latest in anti-ageing active ingredients to help reverse and proving the benefits of ingestible nutrients the existing signs of damage. for use in skin supplements. The entire range: It has been well established that sun • Contains clinically proven active We all know that UV rays are damaging to the health of our exposure, imbalanced nutrition and smoking ingredients such as biomimetic tetrapeptide skin. In fact, they are the No.1 cause of premature ageing. are responsible for 90% of skin ageing. ChroNolineTM to help reduce the appearance Carotenoid and polythenol antioxidants are of fine lines and wrinkles. In this special edition we have asked two skin and beauty among the key ingredients incorporated in • Also contains natural plant extracts such as beauty supplements to boost the skin’s own edelweiss extract to help protect against free experts to share their words of wisdom about how best defence system. Lycopene is a carotenoid radical damage. to protect your skin. whose photo-protective benefits have been • Is hypoallergenic so suitable for even the demonstrated thoroughly and proven in most sensitive of skin. numerous studies. In 2009 a study over a • Is FREE from fragrance, colours and 10 week period found that a daily intake artificial preservatives. FIRST WORD of natural lycopene showed a three-fold reduction in the formation of sun burn Alice Hart Davis is an award-winning desk. Their effects might seem slight, cells compared to a placebo. beauty journalist. She tells us how it’s not but they add up over the years. just the sun worshippers that need to worry At LycoRed we have taken this one step There are no handy statistics to show further, taking our unique high strength TM about UV exposure... the effects of incidental, everyday I lycopene and combining with lutein and exposure, but if you ask a skincare rosemary extract. The results created t’s the sun-damage that you professional, they’ll tell you that it is the synergy; the formation of sunburn cells don’t even know is happening, biggest contributing factor in the was further reduced as compared to the slow, stealthy assault on your skin-ageing equation. After all, what combining science and nature using Lycopene alone. This is amongst the NEW skin that adds up over the years proportion of your time do you spend only combination of ingestible nutrients for effective anti-ageing and results in rough skin texture, basking by a pool, or playing golf in full which are proven to offer skin protective wrinkles and age spots. “Incidental” sun? It’s during the rest of your life that properties from within.” exposure to ultra-violet light is part of the damage is done. everyday life. It’s the rays that you pick But knowledge is power. Choose a up on a day-to-day basis, walking the skincare product with both UVA and dog or going to the shops. UVB protection and wear it every day, When the weather is cool or dull, the whatever the weather. For backup, ‘burning’ UVB rays aren’t a worry, but protect your skin from the inside, by the ‘ageing’ UVA rays still are. These eating colourful, antioxidant-rich foods are present in daylight all year round, and taking a high-strength antioxidant and pass through glass, so still reach beauty supplement. That way you’re you in the car, or at a window-side covered. And talking of cover, you could always add a hat...” See overleaf for details. 4 www.nurtureskincare.co.uk 5
  • 11. this Christmas let skin sparkle 4 steps to thoroughly cleansed skin In order for your skin to sparkle this Christmas you must first cleanse and tone to remove all the debris that your skin may have picked up during the day. Here are four steps on how to achieve thoroughly cleansed skin. 1 Splash your face with warm water. This will help to open pores. 3 Remove the cleanser with warm water, a muslin cloth or cotton wool pads, 2 Place a small amount of cleanser onto your finger tips and massage gently into your face and neck in circular motions. Do making sure all traces have been removed. Splash your face with cold water. This will help to close your pores. this for around one minute. 4 Use a toner. This will help to restore replenish facial wash your skin’s normal pH level as well This luxuriously creamy foaming facial wash as refreshing the skin and help skin contains nourishing borage oil, one of nature’s to maintain elasticity. richest known sources of the essential fatty acid GLA and natural moisturising oils. It helps skin to protect gentle toner retain moisture, therefore reducing the prominence of fine lines which appear due to a lack of moisture. A gentle facial tonic with a specially formulated blend of active ingredients to help tone, refresh £6.45 75ml tube and remove the last traces of make-up. It helps to A sensitive ensure skin is not stripped of its moisture balance protect soothing cream cleanser and pro-vitamin B5 helps maintain skin elasticity. This mild tonic is especially gentle on irritable skin. A fragrance-free calming cream cleanser to remove dirt and make-up gently and thoroughly without £4.45 200ml bottle causing irritation or drying the skin. Leaves skin soul clean, soft and hydrated with pro-vitamin B5. Can be Or SAVE £1 by buying cleanser rinsed off with water or using a dry cotton wool pad. and toner together £7.90 £4.45 200ml bottle There are many different factors that women take into account when choosing a skincare product. This could, for example be the price, what the benefits are or what age range it is aimed at. F or women with sensitive skin, the the difference between an irritant and an an itch, is characteristic of an irritant effect. most important factor would be allergic reaction, so that you know what to This clears up rapidly after ceasing to use finding a product which suits their look out for once you have conducted a the product that is causing the problem. skin. This is a widespread issue, patch test. Allergic reactions are more excessive with 53% of women believing that they have ‘Irritant reactions are the most common reactions by our bodies to substances in sensitive skin. adverse reaction and should not be confused our environment that are harmless to the If you apply a skin product and you feel with allergic reactions. An irritant type of majority. A person who is allergic to a that you have had a reaction, there is no reaction occurs rapidly following the use of substance may be sensitised to it for the initial cause for alarm. The CTPA (Cosmetic, a product and does not involve the immune rest of their life yet most people would never Toiletry and Perfumery Association) explain system. Redness of the skin, sometimes with become allergic to that same substance.’ 2 freephone orderline 0800 072 9510 www.nurtureskincare.co.uk 3