1. PRESENTED BY
M.S PRIYA SAHU

2. DEFINITION
Thyroid cancer is a cancer of thyroid
gland in which abnormal cells grow in
thyroid gland.

3. TYPES
MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER:- this cancer
originates from parafollicular cells. These are third
most commen type of thyroid cancer and accounts
about 3% of total cases.
FOLLICULAR THYROID CANCER:- This cancer
present in follicular cells and accounts about 15%
of total cases.
THYROID LYMPHOMA:- This is a cancer of
immune celles 5% of total cases.

4. CONTI….
PAPILLARY OR MIXED PAPILLARY/ FOLLICULAR
THYROID CANCER:- this is the most commen type of
thyroid cancer and accounts about 75% of total cases.
ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER:- this is the most
aggressive and advanced form of cancer. It accounts
about 2% of total cases.

5. ETIOLOGY& RISK FACTORS
The exact cause of thyroid cancer is unknown. Some
factors are close linked to thyroid cancer such as
following:
Radiation exposure
Obesity
Intake of iodine deficient diet
Exposure to high levels of radiation
Certain inherited genetic syndrome
Family history of thyroid cancer

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODIFIABLE FACTORS: NON MODIFIABLE FACTORS
- Diet - Age
- Life style - Race
- Occupation
exposure to carcinogens
Genetic mutation
Inactivation of tumor activation of growth
Suppressor genes promoting
concogenes.
Alteration in mechanism that control unregulated cell growth and differentiation
Neoplasm in the thyroid gland
Thyroid cancer

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
 Difficulty in breathing
 Throat pain
 Hoarseness of voice changes
 Swelling of lymph node
 Frequent cough
 Lump in the neck
 Difficulty in swellowing.

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection
 Physical examination
 Ultrasound
 TSH level measurement
 Biopsy
 Blood tests
 CT scan of neck
 Fine needle aspiration cytology test.

9. MANAGEMENT
 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:-
Mostly surgery is performed to treat thyroid cancer.
There are many surgical procedures to treat thyroid
cancer:
Total thyroidectomy: total removal of thyroid gland.
Chemotherapy:- in this therapy drugs are used to treat.
Radiation therapy:- radioactive iodine therapy –used
to kill the cancer cells which are not surgically
removed.

10. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Provide comfortable position to relieve breathing
difficulty.
 Check vital sign.
 Observe and document the sign of cynosis.
 Advise to the patient to keep quiet and use other
communication methods (pen-copy, letter board).
 Provide psychological support.
 Assisst in pre- oerative and post-operative period.